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Ш̆
Sha with breve (Ш̆ ш̆) is an additional letter of the Cyrillic script which was used for Abkhaz and Komi at the start of the 20th century. It is composed of a sha with a breve. Usages The ш̆ is used in multiple older Cyrillic Abkhaz scripts and Komi scripts, notably in: * The alphabet of Peter von Uslar 1862 ; * The alphabet of Gulia and Machavariani 1892 ; * The alphabet of Chochua 1909 ; * The alphabet of Nicolaes Witsen 1897 ; File:Abkhazian alphabet in von Uslar 1862.jpg, Abkhaz alphabet of von Uslar 1862. File:Abkhazian alphabet in Gulia and Machavariani 1892 02.jpg, Abkhaz alphabet of Gulia and Machavariani 1892. File:Abkhazian alphabet in cursive in Gulia and Machavariani 1892 01.jpg, Cursive Abkhaz alphabet of Gulia and Machavariani 1892. File:Abkhazian alphabet in Chochua 1909.webp, Abkhaz alphabet of Tchotchoua 1909 (not in order). File:Abkhazian_alphabet_Chochua_1909_in_cursive.webp, Cursive Abkhaz alphabet of Chochua 1909. File:Komi-permyak_alphabet_ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komi Alphabets
The Komi language, a Uralic language spoken in the north-eastern part of European Russia, has been written in several different alphabets. Currently, Komi writing uses letters from the Cyrillic script. There have been five distinct stages in the history of Komi writing: * 14th to 17th centuries — Anbur, the original graphic system; * 18th century to 1918 — based on the early Cyrillic alphabet; * 1918 to 1932 and 1936 to 1938 — Vasily Molodtsov's alphabet based on the modified Cyrillic alphabet; * 1932 to 1936 — Latinization of the alphabet; * since 1938 — modern script based on the Cyrillic alphabet. The Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak sub-languages have used the same writing throughout almost all of their written history (except for the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries). Anbur The first writing for the Komi language was compiled by the missionary Stefan of Perm around 1372–1375. This writing was created for the needs of the Christianization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by the disciples of the two Byzantine brothers Cyril and Methodius, who had previously created the Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolaes Witsen
Nicolaes Witsen (; 8 May 1641 – 10 August 1717) was a Dutch statesman who was mayor of Amsterdam thirteen times, between 1682 and 1706. In 1693, he became administrator of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). In 1689, he was extraordinary-ambassador to the English court and became Fellow of the Royal Society. In his free time, he was cartographer, maritime writer, and an authority on shipbuilding. His books on the subject are important sources on Dutch shipbuilding in the 17th century. Furthermore, he was an expert on Russian affairs. He was the first to describe Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia in his study ''Noord en Oost Tartarye'' orth and East Tartary Early life Nicolaes Witsen was born in Amsterdam As a member of the Witsen family. His father, Cornelis Jan Witsen, was burgomaster, head bailiff and administrator of the Dutch West India Company. In 1656, Nicolaes went with his father to England, where he was introduced to Oliver Cromwell's children. In March 1662, Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO-8859-5
ISO/IEC 8859-5:1999, ''Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 5: Latin/Cyrillic alphabet'', is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1988. It is informally referred to as Latin/Cyrillic. It was designed to cover languages using a Cyrillic alphabet such as Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian, Serbian and Macedonian but was never widely used. The 8-bit encodings KOI8-R and KOI8-U, IBM-866, and also Windows-1251 are far more commonly used. In contrast to the relationship between Windows-1252 and ISO 8859-1, Windows-1251 is not closely related to ISO 8859-5. However, the main Cyrillic block in Unicode uses a layout based on ISO-8859-5. ISO 8859-5 would also have been usable for Ukrainian in the Soviet Union from 1933 to 1990, but it is missing the Ukrainian letter ''ge'', ґ, which is required in Ukrainian orthography before and since, and during that pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windows-1251
Windows-1251 is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic script such as Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic, Macedonian and other languages. On the web, it is the second most-used single-byte character encoding (or third most-used character encoding overall), and most used of the single-byte encodings supporting Cyrillic. , 0.3% of all websites use Windows-1251. It's by far mostly used for Russian, while a small minority of Russian websites use it, with 94.6% of Russian (.ru) websites using UTF-8, and the legacy 8-bit encoding is distant second. In Linux, the encoding is known as cp1251. IBM uses code page 1251 ( CCSID 1251 and euro sign extended CCSID 5347) for Windows-1251. Windows-1251 and KOI8-R (or its Ukrainian variant KOI8-U) are much more commonly used than ISO 8859-5 (which is used by less than 0.0004% of websites). In contrast to Windows-1252 and ISO 8859-1, Windows-1251 is not closely related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code Page 866
Code page 866 ( CCSID 866) (CP 866, "DOS Cyrillic Russian") is a code page used under DOS and OS/2 in Russia to write Cyrillic script. It is based on the "alternative code page" () developed in 1984 in IHNA AS USSR and published in 1986 by a research group at the Academy of Science of the USSR. Брябрин В. М., Ландау И. Я., Неменман М. ЕО системе кодирования для персональных ЭВМ// Микропроцессорные средства и системы. — 1986. — № 4. — С. 61–64. The code page was widely used during the DOS era because it preserves all of the pseudographic symbols of code page 437 (unlike the " Main code page" or Code page 855) and maintains alphabetic order (although non-contiguously) of Cyrillic letters (unlike KOI8-R). Initially this encoding was only available in the Russian version of MS-DOS 4.01 (1990), but with MS-DOS 6.22 it became available in any language version. The WHATWG Encodin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
