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Î’-Glucosidase
β-Glucosidase (; systematic name β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase) is an enzyme that catalyses the following reaction: : Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing β-D-glucosyl residues with release of β-D-glucose Structure β-Glucosidase is composed of two polypeptide chains. Each chain is made up of 438 amino acids and constitute a subunit of the enzyme. Each of these subunits contains an active site. The active site has three potential components: the pocket, the cleft, and the tunnel. The pocket structure is beneficial for recognition of monosaccharide like glucose. The cleft allows for binding of sugars to form polysaccharides. The tunnel allows for the enzyme to attach to polysaccharide and then release product while still attached to the sugar. Function The function of the enzyme is to perform hydrolysis of various glycosides and oligosaccharides. The most significant oligosaccharide β-glucosidase reacts with is cellulose. Cellulose is a polymer composed of β-1,4-linked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as product (chemistry), products. Almost all metabolism, metabolic processes in the cell (biology), cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme, pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts include Ribozyme, catalytic RNA molecules, also called ribozymes. They are sometimes descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seagrass
Seagrasses are the only flowering plants which grow in marine (ocean), marine environments. There are about 60 species of fully marine seagrasses which belong to four Family (biology), families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae), all in the order Alismatales (in the clade of monocotyledons). Seagrasses evolved from terrestrial plants which recolonised the ocean 70 to 100 million years ago. The name ''seagrass'' stems from the many species with long and narrow Leaf, leaves, which grow by rhizome extension and often spread across large "Seagrass meadow, meadows" resembling grassland; many species superficially resemble terrestrial grasses of the family Poaceae. Like all autotrophic plants, seagrasses photosynthesize, in the submerged photic zone, and most occur in shallow and sheltered coastal waters anchored in sand or mud bottoms. Most species undergo submarine pollination and complete their life cycle underwater. While it was previously believed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemistry, biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic anabolism, formation, catabolism, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in life, living organisms. Carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways. Plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis, allowing them to store energy absorbed from sunlight internally. When animals and fungi consume plants, they use cellular respiration to break down these stored carbohydrates to make energy available to cells. Both animals and plants temporarily store the released energy in the form of high-energy molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), for use in various cellular processes. While carbohydrates are essential to human biological processes, ''consuming'' them is not essential for humans. There are healthy human populations that do not consume carbohydrates. In humans, carbohydrates are available directly from co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicianin Beta-glucosidase
The enzyme vicianin β-glucosidase () catalyzes the following chemical reaction: :(''R'')-vicianin + H2O \rightleftharpoons mandelonitrile + vicianose It belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse ''O''- and ''S''-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... is (''R'')-vicianin β-D-glucohydrolase. It is also called vicianin hydrolase. References * EC 3.2.1 Enzymes of unknown structure {{3.2-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prunasin Beta-glucosidase
In enzymology, a prunasin β-glucosidase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(''R'')-prunasin + H2O \rightleftharpoons D-glucose + mandelonitrile It belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse ''O''- and ''S''-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... is prunasin β-D-glucohydrolase. It is also called prunasin hydrolase. References * EC 3.2.1 Enzymes of unknown structure {{3.2-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucosylceramidase
In enzymology, a glucosylceramidase () is an enzyme that catalysis, catalyzes the chemical reaction :D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O \rightleftharpoons D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine Thus, the two substrate (biochemistry), substrates of this enzyme are D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine and water, H2O, whereas its two product (chemistry), products are D-glucose and N-acylsphingosine. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds. The List of enzymes, systematic name of this enzyme class is D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase. Other names in common use include: * psychosine hydrolase, * glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase, * GlcCer-beta-glucosidase, * beta-D-glucocerebrosidase, * glucosylcerebrosidase, * beta-glucosylceramidase, * ceramide glucosidase, * glucocerebrosidase, * glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase, * and glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase. This enzyme participates in sphingolipid m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellulase
Cellulase (; systematic name 4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides: : Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal β-D-glucan The name is also used for any naturally occurring mixture or complex of various such enzymes, that act serially or synergistically to decompose cellulosic material. Cellulases break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides ("simple sugars") such as β-glucose, or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Cellulose breakdown is of considerable economic importance, because it makes a major constituent of plants available for consumption and use in chemical reactions. The specific reaction involved is the hydrolysis of the 1,4-β-D-glycosidic linkages in cellulose, hemicellulose, lichenin, and cereal beta-D-glucan, β-D-glucans. Because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amygdalin Beta-glucosidase
The enzyme amygdalin β-glucosidase () catalyzes the following chemical reaction: : (''R'')-amygdalin + H2O \rightleftharpoons (''R'')-prunasin + D-glucose Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (''R'')-amygdalin and H2O, whereas its two products are (''R'')-prunasin and D-glucose. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse ''O''- and ''S''-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ... of this enzyme class is amygdalin beta-D-glucohydrolase. Other names in common use include amygdalase, amygdalinase, amygdalin hydrolase, and amygdalin glucosidase. It can be completely inhibited by the action of Glucono-δ-lactone at 1 mM concentration. References * EC 3.2.1 Enzyme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GBA3
Cytosolic beta-glucosidase, also known as cytosolic beta-glucosidase-like protein 1, is a beta-glucosidase () enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GBA3'' gene. Function Cytosolic beta-glucosidase is a predominantly liver enzyme that efficiently hydrolyzes beta-D-glucoside and beta-D-galactoside, but not any known physiologic beta-glycoside, suggesting that it may be involved in detoxification of plant glycosides. GBA3 also has significant neutral glycosylceramidase activity (), suggesting that it may be involved in a non-lysosomal catabolic pathway of glucosylceramide Glucocerebroside (also called glucosylceramide) is any of the cerebrosides in which the monosaccharide head group is glucose. Research conducted on glucocerebrosides has shown that glucocerebrosides help support cellular functions in humans, ... metabolism. See also * Closely related enzymes ** GBA: acid β-glucosidase, ** GBA2: acid β-glucosidase (bile acid), also References Further readin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linamarase
Linamarase, or beta-D-glucosidase (), is an enzyme found in many plants including cassava and the butter bean. In cassava it is found in the cell walls. When the plant is chewed or ground, it exposes the enzyme to compounds like linamarin and lotaustralin which release cyanide compounds that can be lethal to the eater. In humans, chronic toxicity is more likely than death. This action of the enzyme is used by many cultures to process cassava into an edible substance. The enzyme converts the cyanide containing compounds into acetone cyanohydrin, which spontaneously decomposes to hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The HCN then either dissolves readily in water or is released into the air. Not all cyanide can be removed during processing. Linamarase can be inhibited by low pH via a dilute acid An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. Hydron, hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellobiase
Cellulase (; systematic name 4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides: : Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal β-D-glucan The name is also used for any naturally occurring mixture or complex of various such enzymes, that act serially or synergistically to decompose cellulosic material. Cellulases break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides ("simple sugars") such as β-glucose, or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Cellulose breakdown is of considerable economic importance, because it makes a major constituent of plants available for consumption and use in chemical reactions. The specific reaction involved is the hydrolysis of the 1,4-β-D-glycosidic linkages in cellulose, hemicellulose, lichenin, and cereal β-D-glucans. Because cellulose mole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christmas Island Red Crab
The Christmas Island red crab (''Gecarcoidea natalis'') is a species of land crab that is endemic to Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean. Although restricted to a relatively small area, an estimated 43.7 million adult red crabs once lived on Christmas Island alone, but the accidental introduction of the yellow crazy ant is believed to have killed about 10–15 million of these in recent years. Christmas Island red crabs make an annual mass migration to the sea to lay their eggs in the ocean. Although its population is under great assault by the ants, as of 2020 the red crab had not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and it was not listed on their Red List. The crab's annual mass migration to the sea for spawning is described as an "epic" event. Millions emerge at the same time, halting road traffic and covering the ground in a thick carpet of crabs. Description Christmas Island red crabs are large crabs wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
