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Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy
The Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy (Romanian: ''Academia Ștefan Gheorghiu'', in full: ''Academia de învățămînt social-politic Ștefan Gheorghiu de pe lîngă CC al PCR'' — roughly, ''Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy for Socio-Political Education in Relation to the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party'') was a university created and used by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) for training its cadres for executive and agitprop-related functions.Directory of officials of the Socialist Republic of Romania. United States. Central Intelligence Agency, National Foreign Assessment Center (U.S.), United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence Paula Mihailov Chiciuc"Universitatea PCR" Jurnalul Național, 6 September 2006; accessed April 1, 2012 History The institution was established as ''Universitatea Muncitorească a PCR'' (''PCR Workers' University'') and began functioning on March 21, 1945, in Bucharest, apparently on Ana Pauker's initiative. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Language
Romanian (obsolete spelling: Roumanian; , or , ) is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova. Romanian is part of the Eastern Romance languages, Eastern Romance sub-branch of Romance languages, a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin which separated from the Italo-Western languages, Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries. To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages, in comparative linguistics it is called ''#Dialects, Daco-Romanian'' as opposed to its closest relatives, Aromanian language, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian language, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian. It is also spoken as a minority language by stable communities in the countries surrounding Romania (Romanians in Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Romanians in Hungary, Hungary, Romanians in Serbia, Serbia and Romanians in Ukraine, Ukraine), and by the large Romanian diaspora. In total, it is spoken by 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalinism
Stalinism (, ) is the Totalitarianism, totalitarian means of governing and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953), 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin and in Satellite state#Post-World War II, Soviet satellite states between 1944 and 1953. Stalinism included the creation of a Rule of man, one man totalitarian police state, rapid Industrialization in the Soviet Union, industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country, forced Collective farming, collectivization of agriculture, intensification of the class struggle under socialism, intensification of class conflict, a Joseph Stalin's cult of personality, cult of personality, and subordination of the interests of foreign Communist party, communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which Stalinism deemed the leading Vanguardism, vanguard party of communist revolution at the time. After Stalin's dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Bucharest
The history of Bucharest covers the time from the early settlements on the locality's territory (and that of the surrounding area in Ilfov County) until its modern existence as a city, capital of Wallachia, and present-day capital of Romania. Prehistory The territory of present-day Bucharest has been inhabited since the Palaeolithic age. The earliest evidence of human life in this region dates from this period and includes flint tools found in the area of the shore, or around the Lake Fundeni, Fundeni Lake. At that time, all this area where Bucharest is now located was covered by forests. Settlements appeared as well later during the Neolithic period along the Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița and Colentina (river), Colentina rivers. The oldest Neolithic dwellings on the territory of the capital have been discovered in the Dudești, Bucharest, Dudești neighbourhood, at Fundeni, Bucharest, Fundeni, and at Roșu. Later archaeological research also revealed later Neolithic sett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Educational Institutions Disestablished In 1989
Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education also follows a structured approach but occurs outside the formal schooling system, while informal education involves unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education are categorized into levels, including early childhood education, primary education, secondary education, and tertiary education. Other classifications focus on teaching methods, such as teacher-centered and student-centered education, and on subjects, such as science education, language education, and physical education. Additionally, the term "education" can denote the mental states and qualities of educated individuals and the academic field studying educational phenomena. The precise definition of education is disputed, and there are disagreements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Revolution
The Romanian revolution () was a period of violent Civil disorder, civil unrest in Socialist Republic of Romania, Romania during December 1989 as a part of the revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world, primarily within the Eastern Bloc. The Romanian revolution started in the city of Timișoara and soon spread throughout the country, ultimately culminating in the Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu, drumhead trial and execution of longtime Romanian Communist Party (PCR) General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena Ceaușescu, Elena, and the end of 42 years of Communist state, Communist rule in Romania. It was also the last removal of a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist government in a Warsaw Pact country during the events of 1989, and the only one that violently overthrew a country's leadership and executed its leader; according to estimates, over one thousand people died and thousands more were injured. Following W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Sciences
Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of society, societies and the Social relation, relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of society", established in the 18th century. It now encompasses a wide array of additional academic disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, management, communication studies, psychology, culturology, and political science. The majority of Positivism, positivist social scientists use methods resembling those used in the natural sciences as tools for understanding societies, and so define science in its stricter Modern science, modern sense. Speculative social scientists, otherwise known as Antipositivism, interpretivist scientists, by contrast, may use social critique or symbolic interpretation rather than constructing Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Zhdanov
Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov ( rus, Андрей Александрович Жданов, p=ɐnˈdrʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ ˈʐdanəf, a=Ru-Андрей Жданов.ogg, links=yes; – 31 August 1948) was a Soviet politician. He was the Soviet Union's "propagandist-in-chief" after the Second World War,V. M. Zubok and Konstantin Pleshakov. Inside the Kremlin's Cold War: from Stalin to Khrushchev. Harvard: Harvard UP, 1996, p.119 and was responsible for developing the Soviet cultural policy, the Zhdanov Doctrine, which remained in effect until the death of Joseph Stalin. Zhdanov was considered Stalin's most likely successor but died before him. Zhdanov joined the Bolsheviks in 1915 and quickly rose through the party ranks. A close associate of Stalin, he became a secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Central Committee in 1934, and later that year he was promoted to Saint Petersburg, Leningrad party chief following the assassinati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Romania (1910-1918)
The Social Democratic Party (, PSD) is the largest political party in Romania. It is also the largest social democratic political party in the country. It was founded by Ion Iliescu, Romania's first democratically elected president at the 1990 Romanian general election. It is a member of the Progressive Alliance (PA), which was founded in 2013, Socialist International (SI), and the Party of European Socialists (PES). As of 2015, the PSD had 530,000 members. PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), a leftist breakaway group established in 1992 from the centre-left National Salvation Front (FSN) established after 1989. In 1993, this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (, PDSR), also translated as the Social Democracy Party of Romania. The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR) in 2001. Since its formation, it has always been one of the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ștefan Gheorghiu (trade Unionist)
Ștefan Gheorghiu (15 January 1879 – 19 March 1914) was a Romanian trade unionist and social anarchism, anarchist. Born to Năstase, a carpenter in Ploiești, he entered the socialist movement and became a member of his native city's Workers' Club. After the leaders of the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party entered the National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875), National Liberal Party in 1899, he struggled to reorganise the workers' movement. In 1903 he went by foot to Bucharest to participate in a workers' protest in the Cișmigiu Gardens. He played an important role in setting up trade unions and was one of the promoters of the General Conference of Trade Unions in 1906. During the 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt, he was an outspoken defender of the peasants; arrested as an instigator of opposition, he was detained at prisons in Ploiești and Galați. Upon release, he went to Brăila, where he met Panait Istrati. Gheorghiu was a member and leader of the "Working Romania" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbu Lăzăreanu
Barbu Lăzăreanu (born Avram Lazarovici,Valentin Chifor, "Lăzăreanu Barbu", in Aurel Sasu (ed.), ''Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române'', Vol. I, pp. 839–840. Pitești: Editura Paralela 45, 2004. or Bercu Leizerovici,Constantin Iordăchescu, "Intre Pușchin și profetul Isaia", in ''Cuget Clar'', Vol. I, 1936–1937, p. 720 also known as Barbou LazareanoPompiliu Păltânea, "Lettres roumaines", in ''Mercure de France'', Issue 627, August 1924, p. 818 or Barbu Lăzărescu;Ioan Lascu, "Procesul unor personalități marcante din guvernul Ion Antonescu: Radu Rosetti și Ion Petrovici", in ''Tineretul Liber'', May 5, 1993, p. 7Straje, pp. 390, 391 October 5, 1881 – January 19, 1957) was a Romanian literary historian, bibliographer, and left-wing activist. Of Romanian Jews, Romanian Jewish background, he became noted for both his social criticism and his lyrical pieces while still in high school, subsequently developing as a satirist and printing his own humorous magazin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Science
Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of society", established in the 18th century. It now encompasses a wide array of additional academic disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, management, communication studies, psychology, culturology, and political science. The majority of positivist social scientists use methods resembling those used in the natural sciences as tools for understanding societies, and so define science in its stricter modern sense. Speculative social scientists, otherwise known as interpretivist scientists, by contrast, may use social critique or symbolic interpretation rather than constructing empirically falsifiable theories, and thus treat science in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
