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Žemaitė
Žemaitė (, , "Samogitian woman") was the pen name of Julija Beniuševičiūtė-Žymantienė ( – 7 December 1921). She was a Lithuanian/Samogitian writer, democrat and educator. Born to impoverished gentry, she became one of the major participants in the Lithuanian National Revival. She wrote about peasant life in the style best described as realism. Life Žemaitė was born in a manor house near Plungė in the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire. Her father Antanas Beniuševičius (died 1878) served as a manor steward and her mother Julijana Sciepuraitė (died 1874) was a housekeeper. Žemaitė had three sisters. As a child, she was forbidden by her parents to play with the children of serfs or learn the Lithuanian language. Like many of the Lithuanian nobility, her parents had become Polonized, and were of the belief that speaking Lithuanian was a step backward socially, so her parents used the surname Bieniuszewicz and the Polish language in everyday life, and they al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė
Gabrielė Petkevičaitė (18 March 1861 – 14 June 1943) was a Lithuanian educator, writer, and activist. Her pen name Bitė (''Bee'') eventually became part of her last name. Encouraged by Povilas Višinskis, she joined public life and started her writing career in 1890, becoming a prominent member of the Lithuanian National Revival. She was the founder and chair of the Žiburėlis society to provide financial aid to struggling students, one of the editors of the newspaper ''Lietuvos žinios'', and an active member of the women's movement. In 1920, she was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania and chaired its first session. Her Literary realism, realist writing centered on exploring the negative impact of the social inequality. Her largest work, two-part novel ''Ad astra'' (1933), depicts the rising Lithuanian National Revival. Together with Žemaitė, she co-wrote several plays. Her diary, kept during World War I, was published in 1925–1931 and 2008–2011. Biogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Povilas Višinskis
Povilas Višinskis (; 28 June 1875 – 23 April 1906) was a Lithuanian cultural and political activist during the Lithuanian National Revival. He is best remembered as a mentor of literary talent. He discovered Julija Žymantienė (Žemaitė) and advised Marija Pečkauskaitė (Šatrijos Ragana), Sofija Pšibiliauskienė (Lazdynų Pelėda), Gabrielė Petkevičaitė (Bitė), Jonas Biliūnas, Jonas Krikščiūnas (Jovaras), helping them edit and publish their first works. As a biology student at the Saint Petersburg University, Višinskis conducted anthropological research on Samogitians which included detailed anthropometric measurements. After the university studies, he returned to Lithuania earning a living as a private tutor in various locations (near Pašvitinys, Kurtuvėnai Manor, Šiauliai). Višinskis directed and played the main role in staging the first Lithuanian-language play ''America in the Bathhouse'' (''Amerika pirtyje'') in 1899. When advertisements for another play ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samogitia
Samogitia, often known by its Lithuanian language, Lithuanian name ''Žemaitija'' (Samogitian language, Samogitian: ''Žemaitėjė''; see Samogitia#Etymology and alternative names, below for alternative and historical names) is one of the five cultural regions of Lithuania and formerly one of the two core administrative divisions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania alongside Lithuania proper. Žemaitija is located in northwestern Lithuania. Its capital city is Telšiai and the largest city is Šiauliai (located on the border between Samogitia and Aukštaitija). Throughout centuries, Samogitia developed a separate culture featuring diverse architecture, folk costumes, dances, songs, traditions, and a distinct Samogitian language. Famous landmarks include Tauragė Castle, Plungė Manor and Hill of Crosses. Etymology and alternative names The region is primarily referred to by its Lithuanian name, ''Žemaitija'', in both local and national contexts. The Latin language, Latin-derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lietuvos žinios
''Lietuvos žinios'' (literally: ''News of Lithuania'') was a daily newspaper in Lithuania. Established in Vilnius in 1909, it was a liberal newspaper representing the Lithuanian Democratic Party. Even though its publication was interrupted by World War I and Soviet occupation of Lithuania, ''Lietuvos žinios'' billed itself as the oldest newspaper in Lithuania. History 1909–1915 Jonas Vileišis, publisher of ''Vilniaus žinios'', decided to discontinue the newspaper and established ''Lietuvos žinios'' on June 19, 1909. A few months later he transferred the rights to the Lithuanian Democratic Party. ''Lietuvos žinios'' was published by partnership '' F. Bortkevičienė, dr. K. Grinius ir Ko'' and shared staff with ''Lietuvos ūkininkas''. Its initial circulation was 2,500 copies. At first it was published twice a week. In 1911, it began publishing three times a week becoming a daily in 1914. The newspaper included semi-independent monthly supplements, including ''Aušrinė'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darbininkų Balsas (East Prussia)
''Darbininkų balsas'' () was a Lithuanian newspaper published by the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania from July 1901 to April 1906 (a total of 36 or 40 issues). It was the first more stable Lithuanian periodical of the party. The publication was illegal in the Russian Empire because of its political content and because it was in Lithuanian (the Lithuanian press ban was in effect from 1865 to 1904). Therefore, the newspaper was printed in East Prussia and smuggled into Lithuania. After the Russian Revolution of 1905, the newspaper was replaced by the legal ' published in Vilnius. History The Social Democratic Party of Lithuania was established in 1896. It first attempted to publish a Lithuanian periodical when it published (Lithuanian Worker) in May 1896. Two other issues were published only in 1898 and 1899. It was a translation from the Polish . Another periodical saw only two issues published in 1899 – the first issue was translated from the Polish ' by Kazys Grinius. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varpas
''Varpas'' (literally: ''The Bell'') was a monthly Lithuanian-language newspaper published during the Lithuanian press ban from January 1889 to December 1905. Because its publication was illegal in Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire, it was printed in Tilsit (current Sovetsk) and Ragnit (current Neman) in German East Prussia and smuggled into Lithuania by the knygnešiai (book smugglers). ''Varpas'', with circulation of about 500 to 1,000 copies, played a pivotal role in the Lithuanian National Revival. ''Tautiška giesmė'', one of poems by founder and editor Vincas Kudirka written to commemorate the 10th anniversary of ''Varpas'', became the Lithuanian national anthem.Classic Lithuanian Literature Anthology Editorial staff of ''Varpas'' later started two more specialized publications: more practical '' Ūkininkas'' (''The Farmer'', 1890–1905) for less educated peasants and apolitical '' Naujienos'' (''News'', 1901–1903) for general public. History After the first n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naujienos (socialist Newspaper)
''Naujienos'' with the English subtitle ''The Lithuanian Daily News'' was a Lithuanian-language socialist daily newspaper published from Chicago, United States. Established in February 1914, it became the first daily for Lithuanian-Americans. After the October Revolution of 1917, the newspaper shifted its political orientation away from communism and socialism and towards social democracy. The newspaper helped to raise funds for Lituanica and Lituanica II, two transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa, South Asia, or the Middle East to North America, South America, or ''vice versa''. Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, bal ...s by Lithuanian pilots. As of 1960, it had a circulation of around 14,000. Pijus Grigaitis (1914–1919, 1919–1969) and Martynas Gudelis (1969–1986) were the long-time editors of the paper. Soon after Gudelis, the newspaper ceased publication. See ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienybė Lietuvninkų
''Vienybė lietuvninkų'' (literally: Lithuanian Unity) was a Lithuanian-language weekly newspapers published in the United States from February 1886 to January 1921. Established by two Lithuanian American businessmen in Plymouth, Pennsylvania, the newspaper changed its editors and political orientation frequently. Initially, it was a conservative pro-Catholic newspaper that supported unity among Polish and Lithuanian immigrants in the historic tradition of the old Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was a response to anti-clergy and anti-Polish '' Lietuwiszkasis Balsas'' published by Jonas Šliūpas in New York. Under the influence of priest , the newspaper dropped its support of the Polish–Lithuanian union in favor of the Lithuanian National Revival and Lithuanian nationalism. Around 1896, the newspaper started shifting away from Catholicism towards liberalism and socialism. Attacked by the clergy as a "godless" publication, the newspaper suffered financial difficulties but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ūkininkas
''Ūkininkas'' or ''Ukinįkas'' (literally: ''The Farmer'') was a monthly Lithuanian-language newspaper published during the Lithuanian press ban by the editorial staff of ''Varpas'' from 1890 to 1905. ''Ūkininkas'' was printed in Tilsit (current Sovetsk) and Ragnit (current Neman) in German East Prussia and smuggled into Lithuania by the knygnešiai. The two newspapers shared staff and similar ideology, but ''Ūkininkas'' was geared towards less educated peasants and had larger circulation of 1,000–2,000 copies. It contained few political or cultural discourses and concentrated on practical advice regarding farming, husbandry, and forestry. It also published short news from various locations across Lithuania, helping to develop the idea of Lithuania as a single entity. Various writers, including Jonas Biliūnas, Vincas Kudirka, Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Sofija Pšibiliauskienė, contributed their fiction. After publication of ''Ūkininkas'' was discontinued, it was re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian-American
Lithuanian Americans refer to Americans, American citizens and residents of Lithuanians, Lithuanian descent or were born in Lithuania. New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has the largest percentage of Lithuanian Americans (20.8%) in its population in the United States. Chicago has historically had the largest number of Lithuanian Americans and the largest Lithuanian diaspora in the world. Lithuanian Americans form by far the largest group within the Lithuanian diaspora. History It is believed that Lithuanian emigration to the United States began in the 17th century when Alexander Curtius arrived in New Amsterdam (present day New York City) in 1659 and became the first Latin School teacher-administrator; he was also a physician. After the fall of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, most of Lithuania was incorporated into the Russian Empire. The beginnings of industrialization and commercial agriculture based on Pyotr Stolypin, Stolypin's reforms, as well as the abolition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
