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Życie Jak Poker
''Życie'' (, "Life") was an illustrated weekly established in 1897 and published in Kraków and Lwów in the Austrian partition of Poland. Founded by Ludwik Szczepański, with time it became one of the most popular Polish literary and artistic journals. Although short-lasting (it went bankrupt in 1900), it shaped an entire generation of Polish artists and art critics, notably those associated with the so-called Young Poland. Initially the weekly was focused on current news, politics, social and national matters in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Galicia. Among its collaborators and correspondents in the early period were Socialist journalists Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz, Iza Moszczeńska and Wilhelm Feldman. The magazine was initially a commercial failure and failed to gain enough readership. Under such circumstances the title was bought by Ignacy Sewer-Maciejowski, who offered the job of editor in chief to Stanisław Przybyszewski, who refocused the magazine to art an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodor Axentowicz
Teodor Axentowicz (; 13 May 185926 August 1938) was a Polish-Armenian painter and university professor. He was also the rector of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków. As an artist, Axentowicz was famous for his portraits and scenes of Hutsul life, set in the Carpathians. Life Axentowicz was born on 13 May 1859 in Brassó, Hungary (now Brașov, Romania), to a family of Polish-Armenian ancestry. In 1893 in Chelsea, London, he married Iza Henrietta Gielgud, aunt of Val Gielgud and John Gielgud of the theatrical dynasty. A son, Philip S.A.D. Axentowicz, was born in Chelsea in 1893. Between 1879 and 1882 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. From there he moved to Paris, where he was a student of Carolus-Duran and continued his education until 1895. During that time he started a long cooperation with various journals and started his career as a copyist, duplicating the works of Titian and Botticelli for . He also made numerous travels to London and Rome, where he pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriela Zapolska
Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska (1857–1921), known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Polish novelist, playwright, naturalist writer, feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress. Zapolska wrote 41 plays, 23 novels, 177 short stories, 252 works of journalism, one film script, and over 1,500 letters. Zapolska received most recognition for her socio-satirical comedies. Among them, ''The Morality of Mrs. Dulska'' – a tragic-farce about petty-bourgeois – is considered the most famous internationally. It is regarded as a landmark of early modernist Polish drama. Her stage plays were translated into foreign languages, and performed at Polish and European theatres, as well as adapted for radio and film. Zapolska herself acted on stage in over 200 plays in Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Lwów, Saint Petersburg and Paris. Life Zapolska was born on 30 March 1857 in Pidhatsi, near Lutsk, in Volhynia, to a wealthy family of Polish landed gentry. At that time, this territory was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimiera Zawistowska
Kazimiera Zawistowska '' de domo'' Jasieńska, pseudonym Ira, (1870–1902) was a Polish poet and translator. Zawistowska was an author of modernist erotic and landscape poems related with mysticism, symbolism and Parnassianism. She published her works in Kraków and Warsaw magazines – ''Życie'', ''Krytyka'' and ''Chimera''. Zawistowska translated poems of Belgian and French symbolists, including Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Albert Samain. Biography Kazimiera Zawistowska was born in 1870 in Rasztowce, Podolia. After education, she moved to Switzerland and Italy. After back to Poland, she married with Stanisław Jastrzębiec-Zawistowski and lived with him in Supranówka in Podolia. She died on 28 February 1902 in Kraków. The cause of death was probably suicide. Notable works ;Collections of poems published posthumously * ''Poezje'' (1903) – with preface written by Zenon Przesmycki Zenon Przesmycki (pen name ''Miriam''; Radzyń Podlaski, 22 December 1861 – 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight and style of a ''typeface'', defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design. For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts " Roman" (or "regular"), "" and ""; each of these exists in a variety of sizes. In the digital description of fonts ( computer fonts), the terms "font" and "typeface" are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. In both traditional typesetting and computing, the word "font" refers to the delivery mechanism of an instance of the typeface. In traditional typesetting, the font would be made from metal or wood type: to compose a page may require multiple fonts from the typeface or even multiple typefaces. Spelling and etymology The word ''font'' (US) or ''fount'' (traditional UK, CAN; in any case pronounced ) derives from Middle French ''fonte'', meaning "cast iron". The term re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coated Paper
Coated paper (also known as enamel paper, gloss paper, and thin paper) is paper that has been coated with a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink absorbency. Various materials, including kaolinite, calcium carbonate, bentonite, and talc, can be used to coat paper for high-quality printing, such as that used in the packaging industry and in magazines. The chalk or china clay is bound to the paper with synthetic s, such as styrene-butadiene latexes and natural organic binders such as starch. The coating formulation may also contain chemical additives as dispersants, resins, or polyethylene to give water resistance and wet strength to the paper, or to protect against ultraviolet radiation. Coated papers have been traditionally used for printing magazines. Varieties Machine-finished coated paper ''Machine-finished coated paper'' (MFC) has a basis weight of 48–80 g/m2. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadsheet
A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long Vertical and horizontal, vertical pages, typically of in height. Other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner (format), Berliner and Tabloid (newspaper format), tabloid–Compact (newspaper), compact formats. Historically, the broadsheet format emerged in the 17th century as a means for printing Broadside ballad, musical and popular prints, and later became a medium for political activism through the reprinting of speeches. In Britain, the broadsheet newspaper developed in response to a 1712 tax on newspapers based on their page counts. Outside Britain, the broadsheet evolved for various reasons, including style and authority. Broadsheets are often associated with more intellectual and in-depth content compared to their tabloid counterparts, featuring detailed stories and less Sensationalism, sensational material. They are commonly used by newspapers aiming to provide comprehensive cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers. Other characteristics of Art Nouveau were a sense of dynamism and movement, often given by asymmetry or whiplash lines, and the use of modern materials, particularly iron, glass, ceramics and later concrete, to create unusual forms and larger open spaces.Sembach, Klaus-Jürgen, ''L'Art Nouveau'' (2013), pp. 8–30 It was popular between 1890 and 1910 during the Belle Époque period, and was a reaction against the academicism, eclecticism and historicism of 19th century architecture and decorative art. One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. It was most widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Impressionism
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, unusual visual angles, and inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience. Impressionism originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s. The Impressionists faced harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France. The name of the style derives from the title of a Claude Monet work, ''Impression, soleil levant'' (''Impression, Sunrise''), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a Satire, satirical 1874 review of the First Impressionist Exhibition published in the Parisian newspaper ''Le Charivari''. The development of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbolism (arts)
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas.Johnson, Greg; Arp, Thomas R. (2018). ''Perrine's Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense, Third Edition''. Cengage Learning. pp. 286-7: "A literary symbol is something that means more than what it suggests on the surface. It may be an object, a person, a situation, an action, or some other element that has a literal meaning in the story but that suggests or represents other meanings as well."Kennedy, X. J.; Gioia, Dana (2007). ''Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Tenth Edition''. Pearson Longman. p. 292: " a symbol: in literature, a thing that suggests more than its literal meaning. Symbols generally do not 'stand for' any one meaning, nor for anything absolutely definite; they point, they hint, or, as Henry James put it, they cast long shadows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Director
Art director is a title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, live-action and animated film and television, the Internet, and video games. It is the charge of a sole art director to supervise and unify the vision of an artistic production. In particular, they are in charge of its overall visual appearance and how it communicates visually, stimulates moods, contrasts features, and psychologically appeals to a target audience. The art director makes decisions about visual elements, what artistic style(s) to use, and when to use motion. One of the biggest challenges art directors face is translating desired moods, messages, concepts, and underdeveloped ideas into imagery. In the brainstorming process, art directors, colleagues and clients explore ways the finished piece or scene could look. At times, the art director is responsible for solidifying the vision of the collective imagination while resolving conflicting agendas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Wyspiański
Stanisław Mateusz Ignacy Wyspiański (; 15 January 1869 – 28 November 1907) was a Polish playwright, painter, poet, and interior and furniture designer. A patriotic writer, he created symbolic national dramas accordant with the artistic premises of the Young Poland movement. Wyspiański was one of the most outstanding and multifaceted artists in Poland under the foreign partitions. He combined modernism with traditional Polish folk and Romantic themes. He became known unofficially as a fourth Polish bard, after the earlier Three Bards: Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński). Biography Stanisław Wyspiański was born to Franciszek Wyspiański and Maria Rogowska. His father, a sculptor, owned an atelier at the foot of Wawel Hill, in the Długosz House. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1876 when Stanisław was seven years old. Due to problems with alcohol, Stanisław's father could not fulfil his parental responsibilities. Stanisław was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
