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Šulinkatte
Šulinkatte was a Hittite god of Hattian origin. He was regarded as a war deity. Additionally, he could fulfill the role of a protector of palaces and houses. In the local tradition of Nerik, he was regarded as the father of the weather god of Nerik. He first appears in texts dated to the fifteenth or fourteenth century BCE. His main cult center was the sparsely attested city Tamarmara, but he was also worshiped elsewhere in ancient Anatolia, for example in Hattusa and Nerik. Fragments of a Hattic song celebrating him are also known. Name and character The theonym Šulinkatte has Hattic origin. It is a combination of the words ''katte'', "king", and ''šuli'', of unknown meaning, and presumably can be translated as "king of ''šuli''". It could be represented by the logogram d U.GUR. On this basis it has been proposed that the first part of his name can be interpreted as "sword", but this view found no widespread support. The writing d ZA.BA4.BA4 is also attested. Šulinkat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wurunkatte
Wurunkatte or Wurukatte was a Hittite war god of Hattian origin. He might have also been connected to the institution of kingship. His symbol was a mace, and based on textual sources it is presumed he could be depicted standing on the back of a lion. Inhe appears in association with deities such as Šulinkatte, Taru and Telipinu. He was worshiped in Hattusa, Nerik, Tuḫumijara and Tarammeka. Name and character Wurunkatte's name has Hattic origin and can be translated as "king of the land". Volkert Haas noted it can be compared to the Akkadian epithet ''šār mātim'', used to refer to Dagan. Wurunkatte was regarded as a war god. He shared this role with many other deities in the Hittite pantheon, for example Iyarri or originally Hurrian Ḫešui. In art, he was depicted standing on the back of a lion. A description of a silver statuette presumed to represent him states that he held a shield and a mace in his hands; the latter weapon is also attested as his symbol in othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugur (god)
Ugur was a Mesopotamian god associated with war and death, originally regarded as an attendant deity (''sukkal'') of Nergal. After the Old Babylonian period he was replaced in this role by Ishum, and in the Middle Babylonian period his name started to function as a logogram representing Nergal. Temples dedicated to him existed in Isin and Girsu. He was also worshiped outside Mesopotamia by Hurrians and Hittites. He might also be attested in sources from Emar. Name and character Ugur's name was written in cuneiform as dU.GUR. It is alternatively romanized as Uqur or Ukur. Jeremiah Peterson notes that an Old Babylonian exemplar of the Weidner god list appears to preserve a variant spelling, dU.GU2, which supports the reading Ugur. A bilingual god list from Emar phonetically transcribes it in Hurrian as ''du-ku-ur-un''. According to Manfred Krebernik and Volkert Haas its origin and meaning are not fully certain. It has been proposed that it was the imperative form of Akkadian ''n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zababa
Zababa (, ''dza-ba4-ba4'', ) was a Mesopotamian god. He was the tutelary deity of the city of Kish and was regarded as a god of war. He was initially seen as a son of Enlil, though in Assyria during the reign of Sennacherib, he started to be viewed as a son of Ashur instead. The goddess Bau came to be viewed as his wife after her introduction to Kish in the Old Babylonian period. The worship of Zababa is first documented in sources from the Early Dynastic period, including texts from both Kish and other cities in Mesopotamia, for example the '' Zame Hymns'' from Abu Salabikh. His importance declined in the Sargonic and Ur III period, but he regained a more prominent position in the Old Babylonian period. Through the first millennium BCE he was worshiped both in Babylonia and in Assyria. No myths focused on Zababa are known, though he is referenced in an UD.GAL.NUN composition about the construction of Enlil's temple, in a number of legends about rulers of the Akkadia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weather God Of Nerik
The Weather god of Nerik is a Hittite weather god, who was mainly worshipped in the Hittite city of Nerik, whose cult was relocated to Kaštama and Takupša for two hundred years after the Hittites lost Nerik to the Kaskians. He was also referred to as Nerak or Nerikkil. In ancient Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ..., weather gods were the rulers of the sky and the mountains. They cast down the thunder, lightning, clouds, rain and storms.Volkert Haas, Heidemarie Koch: ''Religionen des alten Orients: Hethiter und Iran''. Göttingen 2011, p. 228. The weather god of Nerik was also worshipped as a sender of rain, and as a fertility deity. In the official Hittite state pantheon, the Weather god of Nerik was considered the son of the Weather god of Ḫatti and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kataḫzipuri
Kataḫzipuri (also known as Kataḫziwuri) was a goddess worshiped by Hattians, Hittites and Pala (Anatolia), Palaians in Bronze Age Anatolia. She was associated with magic, and was commonly invoked in rituals dealing with healing and purification. She was closely associated with Kamrušepa. In Palaic religion she formed a pair with Ziparwa and headed the pantheon alongside him. Name and character The theonym Kataḫzipuri has Hattic language, Hattic origin. Multiple spellings reflecting two variant forms, Kataḫzipuri and Kataḫziwuri, are attested in Hittite cuneiform, cuneiform texts discovered during excavations in Boğazköy (Hattusa) and Ortaköy (Šapinuwa). Gabrielle Frantz-Szabó assumes it is derived from the words ''kattaḫ'', "queen", and ''pur'', "land". Oğuz Soysal disagrees with this interpretation and notes that in contrast with ''kattaḫ'', Kataḫzipuri's name was always written with a single ''t''. He speculatively suggests that it might mean "evil under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Deity
A war god in mythology associated with war, combat, or bloodshed. They occur commonly in polytheistic religions. Unlike most gods and goddesses in polytheistic religions, monotheistic deities have traditionally been portrayed in their mythologies as commanding war in order to spread religion. (The intimate connection between "holy war" and the "one true god" belief of monotheism has been noted by many scholars, including Jonathan Kirsch in his book ''God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism'' and Joseph Campbell in ''The Masks of God, Vol. 3: Occidental Mythology''.) The following is a list of war deities: Africa Egyptian *Anat-- also known as Anath-- was a goddess of fertility, sexuality, love, and war. She was the sister of Baal *Anhur, god of war, not a native god * Anuke, a goddess of war and consort of Anhur * Apedemak, the lion god of war: he is sometimes depicted with three heads * Bast, cat-headed goddess associated with war, prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weather God Of Nerik
The Weather god of Nerik is a Hittite weather god, who was mainly worshipped in the Hittite city of Nerik, whose cult was relocated to Kaštama and Takupša for two hundred years after the Hittites lost Nerik to the Kaskians. He was also referred to as Nerak or Nerikkil. In ancient Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ..., weather gods were the rulers of the sky and the mountains. They cast down the thunder, lightning, clouds, rain and storms.Volkert Haas, Heidemarie Koch: ''Religionen des alten Orients: Hethiter und Iran''. Göttingen 2011, p. 228. The weather god of Nerik was also worshipped as a sender of rain, and as a fertility deity. In the official Hittite state pantheon, the Weather god of Nerik was considered the son of the Weather god of Ḫatti and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taru (god)
Taru was a weather god worshiped in ancient Anatolia by Hattians. He was associated with the bull, and could be depicted in the form of this animal. It is presumed that the names of the Hittite and Luwian weather gods, Tarḫunna and Tarḫunz, while etymologically Indo-European, were meant to resemble Taru's as a result of Hattian cultural influence on other cultures of the region. Name and character Taru was the Hattian weather god. The term "Hattian" refers to the native inhabitants of the northern part of ancient Anatolia. As a weather god, he was believed to control phenomena such as thunder and lightning; additionally he was responsible for the well-being of people and animals, and for the growth of plants. A hymn dedicated to him, ''awan kaitgaḫillu dTaru elli lipḫaippin'', most likely focuses on guaranteeing the flourishing of grain (''kait''). In cuneiform Taru's name was written as ''dTa-a-ru'', ''dDa-a-ru'' or sporadically ''dŠa-a-ru'' . It could also be repres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Goddess Of The Earth
The Sun goddess of the Earth ( Hittite: ''taknaš dUTU'', Luwian: tiyamaššiš Tiwaz) was the Hittite goddess of the underworld. Her Hurrian equivalent was Allani and her Sumerian/Akkadian equivalent was Ereshkigal, both of which had a marked influence on the Hittite goddess from an early date. In the Neo-Hittite period, the Hattian underworld god, Lelwani was also syncretised with her. In Hittite texts, she is referred to as the "Queen of the Underworld" and possesses a palace with a vizier and servants. In the Hittite New Kingdom, she is attested as the mother of two weather gods. The Weather god of Nerik was her son with the god Šulinkatte, while the Weather god of Zippalanda was her son by the . The Sun goddess of the Earth, as a personification of the chthonic aspects of the Sun, had the task of opening the doors to the Underworld. She was said to cleanse all evil, impurity, and sickness on Earth.Piotr Taracha: ''Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia''. Wiesbaden 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tašmišu
Tašmišu (Tashmishu) was a Hurrian god. He was regarded as a brother of Teshub, and it is assumed he had a warlike character. Character Volkert Haas proposed that Tašmišu's name was derived from the Hurrian language, Hurrian word ''tašmi'', which he translates as strong. The suffix -''šu'' is also known from the name of one Teshub's bulls, Šerišu, and various Hurrian personal names, such as Anniwašu or Ekammešu. Tašmišu was one of the multiple warrior gods in the Hurrian pantheon. Other such deities were Ugur (god), Ugur, Aštabi, Nergal and Ḫešui. In myths, his position appears to be that of a subordinate of his brother Teshub, and in one passage from the ''Song of Ullikummi'' he outright addresses him as "my lord." He served as his sukkal (attendant deity), though as noted by Daniel Schwemer this role in ritual texts could also be attributed to the god Tenu. He proposed that the latter was adopted from the religious tradition of ancient Aleppo, where a month was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesopotamian Deities
Deities in ancient Mesopotamia were almost exclusively Anthropomorphism, anthropomorphic. They were thought to possess extraordinary powers and were often envisioned as being of tremendous physical size. The deities typically wore ''melam'', an ambiguous substance which "covered them in terrifying splendor" and which could also be worn by heroes, kings, giants, and even demons. The effect that seeing a deity's ''melam'' has on a human is described as ''ni'', a word for the "Paresthesia, physical creeping of the flesh". Both the Sumerian language, Sumerian and Akkadian languages contain many words to express the sensation of ''ni'', including the word ''puluhtu'', meaning "fear". Deities were almost always depicted wearing horned caps, consisting of up to seven superimposed pairs of ox-horns. They were also sometimes depicted wearing clothes with elaborate decorative gold and silver ornaments sewn into them. The ancient Mesopotamians believed that their deities lived in Heaven, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A ( abbreviated ) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one. Purpose Diminutives are often employed as nicknames and pet names when speaking to small children and when expressing extreme tenderness and intimacy to an adult. The opposite of the diminutive form is the augmentative. In some contexts, diminutives are also employed in a pejorative sense to denote that someone or something is weak or childish. For example, one of the last Western Roman emperors was Romulus Augustus, but his name was diminutivized to "Romulus Augustulus" to express his powerlessness. Formation In many languages, diminutives are word forms that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
