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Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun-Raza-Kasia
The ''Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun Raza Kasia'' (; "The Scroll of Zihrun, the Hidden Mystery") is a Mandaean religious text that describes rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and other related topics. It is an illustrated scroll. Zihrun (referred to as Zihrun Raza Kasia or "Zihrun the Hidden Mystery" in full) is the name of an uthra. The phrase ''Zihrun Raza Kasia'' is also mentioned in the Mandaean prayer ''Asut Malkia''. Manuscripts and translations An illustrated scroll was purchased by E. S. Drower from Shaikh Yahia at Qal'at Saleh, southern Iraq in May 1937. Today, it is held as manuscript 27 in the Drower Collection of the Bodleian Library at Oxford University, and is commonly abbreviated DC 27. Bogdan Burtea translated the DC 27 manuscript into German in 2008, and also provided a detailed commentary as part of the published translation. The scroll consists of pieces of paper that have been glued together and is approximately 691 cm long, of which 660 cm contain writing and ill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaeism
Mandaeism (Mandaic language, Classical Mandaic: ),https://qadaha.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/nhura-dictionary-mandaic-english-mandaic.pdf sometimes also known as Nasoraeanism or Sabianism, is a Gnosticism, Gnostic, Monotheism, monotheistic and ethnic religion with Ancient Greek religion, Greek, Iranian religions, Iranian, and Judaism, Jewish influences. Its adherents, the Mandaeans, revere Adam#In Mandaeism, Adam, Abel#Mandaean interpretation, Abel, Seth#Mandaeism, Seth, Enos (biblical figure)#In Mandaeism, Enos, Noah#Mandaeism, Noah, Shem#In Mandaeism, Shem, Aram, son of Shem, Aram, and especially John the Baptist#Mandaeism, John the Baptist. Mandaeans consider Adam, Seth, Noah, Shem, and John the Baptist prophets, with Adam being the founder of the religion and John being the greatest and Last prophet, final prophet. The Mandaeans speak an Eastern Aramaic languages, Eastern Aramaic language known as Mandaic language, Mandaic. The name 'Mandaean' comes from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masiqta
The masiqta () is a mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion in order to help guide the soul ('' nišimta'') towards the World of Light in Mandaean cosmology. They are typically performed as funerary rites for Mandaeans who have just died. Although usually translated as "death mass", a few types of ''masiqta'' are also performed for living people, such as when priests are ordained. Masiqtas are also used to consecrate houses of worship ('' bit manda''). Purpose The complex ritual involves guiding the soul through the '' maṭarta'', or toll houses located between the Earth ( Tibil) and the World of Light, which are guarded by various uthras and demons. A successful masiqta merges the incarnate soul ( ; roughly equivalent to the '' psyche'' or " ego" in Greek philosophy) and spirit ( ; roughly equivalent to the ''pneuma'' or "breath" in Greek philosophy) from the Earth ( Tibil) into a new merged entity in the World of Light called the ''ʿuṣṭuna''. The ''ʿuṣṭun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mambuha
In Mandaeism, mambuha (), sometimes spelled mambuga (), is sacramental drinking water used in rituals such as the masbuta (baptism). The mambuha can be served in a ''kapta'' (pronounced ''kafta''), a shallow brass drinking bowl that is 11 inches or less in perimeter, or in a ''qanina'' (glass bottle).Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford At The Clarendon Press. Traditionally, mambuha is taken directly from the ''yardna'' (river, i.e. the Euphrates, Tigris, or Karun rivers), but the Mandaean diaspora often uses treated tap water. Prayers Various prayers in the ''Qulasta'', including prayers s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 33, 33, s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 44, 44, s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 45, 45, s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 60, 60, and s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 82, 82, are recited during the drinking of the ''mambuha''. See also *Halalta *Holy water *Holy water in Eastern Christianity References External links Sydney 2014 Masbuta 09: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamra (Mandaeism)
In Mandaeism, hamra () is sacramental water mixed with raisins that have been macerated (i.e., softened via soaking). Although it is often translated as "wine" (its Semitic etymological source) or " grape juice," hamra used in Mandaean rituals is non-alcoholic, and it is also not freshly pressed grape juice. It is used during wedding and masiqta rituals. The hamra can be served in a ''kapta'', a shallow brass drinking bowl that is 11 inches or less in perimeter, or in a ''qanina'' (small glass bottle).Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford At The Clarendon Press. Symbolism Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley notes that the bowl of hamra is symbolic of the womb, with the hamra itself representing blood. Near the start of the masiqta ritual, the hamra is prepared by kneading the raisins until the water darkens. During the process of the ritual, fragments of faṭira (representing the substance of the ancestors which the deceased aims to join) and a piece o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pihta
In Mandaeism, the pihta () is a type of sacramental bread used with rituals performed by Mandaean priests. It is a small, round, biscuit-sized flatbread that can either be salted or saltless, depending on whether the ritual use of the pihta is for living or dead people. The pihta is not to be confused with the '' faṭira'', a small, round, saltless, half-baked biscuit also used in Mandaean rituals. Description The pihta, as used in rituals for living people such as the masbuta, is a small, round, salted, biscuit-sized flatbread made by mixing flour and salt with water, followed by baking. It can only be made by Mandaean priests, and the flour is also ground by priests.Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford At The Clarendon Press. Unlike the '' faṭira'', which is saltless sacramental bread used for the masiqta, the pihta (as used in masbuta rituals) is salted (with salt mixed into the dough before baking), since salt (''mihla'') represents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misha (Mandaeism)
In Mandaeism, misha () is anointing sesame oil used during rituals such as the masbuta (baptism) and masiqta (death mass), both of which are performed by Mandaean priests. Etymology The Mandaic word ''miša'' shares the same root with Mšiha ("Messiah"; ). However, Mandaeans do not use the word ''mšiha'' to refer to Mandaeans who have been anointed during rituals, in order to distance themselves from Christianity.Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. In the ''Qulasta'' Several prayers in the ''Qulasta'' are recited over the oil, including prayers 48, 63, and 73. In some prayers, misha referred to as ''misha dakia'', or "pure oil." See also *Holy anointing oil In the ancient Israelite religion, the holy anointing oil () formed an integral part of the ordination of the priesthood and the High Priest as well as in the consecration of the articles of the Tabernacle ( Exodus 30:26) and subsequent temple ... * Oil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klila
In Mandaeism, the klila () is a small Myrtus, myrtle () wreath or ring (translated as "circlet" by E. S. Drower) used during Mandaean religious rituals. The klila is a female symbol that complements the ''taga (Mandaeism), taga'', a white crown which always takes on masculine symbolism.Drower, Ethel Stefana (1937). ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. The ''klila'' is used to adorn the drabsha, a wooden cross covered with a white cloth that is the main symbol of Mandaeism. Description The klila that is used for wearing on the right little finger is made by splitting a young myrtle twig with leaves in half, and then intertwining the two split halves to make a ring that can fit around the finger. Use in rituals The ''klila'' is used during most Mandaean rituals, including masbuta, masiqta, and priest initiation rituals. In the ''Qulasta'' Several prayers in the ''Qulasta'' are recited when consecrating and putting on the ''klila'', including prayers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riha (Mandaeism)
In Mandaeism, ''riha'' () is incense used for religious rituals. It is offered by Mandaean priests on a ritual clay tray called ''kinta'' in order to establish ''laufa'' (communion) between humans in Tibil (Earth) and uthras (celestial beings) in the World of Light during rituals such as the masbuta (baptism) and masiqta (death mass), as well as during Tarmida#Ordination, priest initiation ceremonies. Various prayers in the ''Qulasta'' are recited when incense is offered. Incense must be offered during specific stages of the typically lengthy and complex rituals. In the ''Qulasta'' Several prayers in the ''Qulasta'' are recited when offering incense, including prayers s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 8, 8 ("") and s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 34, 34. Associated ritual objects The ''brihi'' is a ritual clay fire saucer that is narrow end faces north. It is used for the riha and pihta. The ''qauqa'' is a small terra-cotta cube with a depression on top to hold the riha. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandama
The pandama () is a mouth-veil worn by Mandaean priests while performing baptismal ceremonial rituals. It is the loose end of the burzinqa (turban) and is wrapped around the mouth and lower face. The pandama also protects the face from water during masbuta rituals. The pandama is worn only by officiating priests, not by Mandaean laymen. In the ''Qulasta'' Several prayers in the ''Qulasta'' are recited when putting on and loosening the pandama, including prayers 7 and 55. Symbolism According to Shahram Ebadfardzadeh, an Iranian-American ''yalufa'' (learned Mandaean layperson) in San Antonio, Texas, United States, "when the priest officiates, he is an angel, and his lower face must not be seen, but covered up." See also * * Litham, a similar veil covering the lower face worn by Tuareg men * Alasho Alasho is an indigenous Hausa long turban, worn across the head and neck. It is near identical in length, colour and dimensions to that of the Tuareg The Tuareg people (; also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taga (Mandaeism)
In Mandaeism, the taga (; sometimes also spelled taqa ) is a white crown traditionally made of silk that is used during Mandaean religious rituals. The ''taga'' is a white crown which always takes on masculine symbolism, while the klila (myrtle wreath) is a feminine symbol that complements the taga. Use in rituals Along with the ''klila'', the ''taga'' is used during most Mandaean rituals, including masbuta, masiqta, and priest initiation rituals.Drower, Ethel Stefana (1937). ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. When praying with the taga, Mandaean priests often hold the taga in front of the face repeatedly move it in a V shape back and forth, in a pendulum-like manner. In the ''Qulasta'' Several prayers in the ''Qulasta'' are recited when consecrating and putting on the ''taga''. See also * Radiate crown * Drabsha *Klila In Mandaeism, the klila () is a small Myrtus, myrtle () wreath or ring (translated as "circlet" by E. S. Drower) used dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarmida Sahi Bashikh Pandama
A tarmida (singular form in , plural form in ; ; ) is a junior priest in Mandaeism. Ganzibras, or head priests, rank above tarmidas.Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Etymology Häberl (2022) considers the Mandaic word ''tarmida'' to be a borrowing from Hebrew ''talmid'' (). Ordination Tarmida initiates or novices ( ) can come from any "pure" family. In other words, the families must be ritually pure, meaning that there are no family members who have committed grave sins. Ritually pure laymen are also known as ''hallali'' in Mandaic. Typically, the novices have been trained as ritual assistants (''šganda'' or ''ašganda'') when they were children. Initiates may or may not be married, although typically they are not yet married. In order to be ordained as a tarmida, the initiate ( ) must go through a complex series of initiation rituals lasting 68 days. Various rituals are performed by the initiator priest ( ), who r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
