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Åšwierzawa
Świerzawa (; formerly , ) is a town in Złotoryja County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Świerzawa. It lies on the Kaczawa River, approximately south of Złotoryja and west of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, the town has a population of 2,286. History It was initially a Polish stronghold, possibly besieged during the first Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241. It was granted town rights by Duke Bolko I the Strict in 1296, when it was part of the Duchy of Jawor within fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. In 1426, the town was captured and devastated by the Hussites. The town was affected by fires in 1487 and 1639. The local church was taken by Protestants during the Reformation and then restored to the Catholics in 1637. During the Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Åšwierzawa
__NOTOC__ Gmina Świerzawa is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Złotoryja County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Świerzawa, which lies approximately south of Złotoryja, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 7,552. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Świerzawa is bordered by the gminas of Bolków, Janowice Wielkie, Jeżów Sudecki, Męcinka, Pielgrzymka, Wleń and Złotoryja. Villages Apart from the town of Świerzawa, the gmina contains the villages of Biegoszów, Dobków, Gozdno, Janochów, Lubiechowa, Nowy Kościół, Podgórki, Posępsko, Rząśnik, Rzeszówek, Sędziszowa, Sokołowiec and Stara Kraśnica. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Świerzawa is twinned with: * Chocz, Poland * Kottmar The Kottmar () is a mountain in Saxony, southeastern Germany. It is part of the Upper Lusatian Highlands (''Oberlausitzer Bergland'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Åšwierzawa (0046)
Świerzawa (; formerly , ) is a town in Złotoryja County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Świerzawa. It lies on the Kaczawa River, approximately south of Złotoryja and west of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, the town has a population of 2,286. History It was initially a Polish stronghold, possibly besieged during the first Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241. It was granted town rights by Duke Bolko I the Strict in 1296, when it was part of the Duchy of Jawor within fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. In 1426, the town was captured and devastated by the Hussites. The town was affected by fires in 1487 and 1639. The local church was taken by Protestants during the Reformation and then restored to the Catholics in 1637. During the Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in Histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZÅ‚otoryja County
__NOTOC__ Złotoryja County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of . Its administrative seat is Złotoryja, and it also contains the towns of Wojcieszów and Świerzawa. As of 2019 the total population of the county is 43,719, out of which the population of Złotoryja is 15,564, that of Wojcieszów is 3,668, that of Świerzawa is 2,286, and the rural population is 22,201. Neighbouring counties Złotoryja County is bordered by Legnica County to the north-east, Jawor County to the east, Jelenia Góra County to the south, and Lwówek Śląski County and Bolesławiec County to the west. Administrative division The county is subdivided into six gmina The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' ) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (, ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of and has a total population of 2,899,986. It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, Lignite, brown coal and rock materials are widely present. Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder, Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy. History In the past 1,200 years, the region has been part of Great Moravia, the Medieval Kingdom of Poland, the Crown of Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg monarchy (Austria), Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, and modern Poland after 1945. Silesian tribes settled the lands at the end of the first millennium after the Migration Period. In the 9th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaczawa River
The Kaczawa (), in English Katzbach, is a river in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It springs from the Kaczawskie Mountains near Kaczorów and flows north and northeast through the towns of Świerzawa, Złotoryja and Legnica. Among its tributaries is the Czarna Woda. After a length of the Kaczawa empties into the Oder river at Prochowice. Between Legnica and Dunino, the Kaczawa was the site of the Battle of the Katzbach on 26 August 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl .... References * Rivers of Lower Silesian Voivodeship Rivers of Poland {{Poland-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZÅ‚otoryja
ZÅ‚otoryja (; , ; Latin: ''Aureus Mons'', ''Aurum'') is a historic town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland, the administrative seat of ZÅ‚otoryja County, and of the smaller Gmina ZÅ‚otoryja. ZÅ‚otoryja is the first town in Poland to be granted town privileges, in 1211, and was the first Silesian town with German institutions and German settlers. Since the Middle Ages, it was a centre of gold and copper mining. ZÅ‚otoryja was also featured among the most beautiful towns in Poland due to its location and architectural heritage. Geography The town is located in the historic Lower Silesia region on the right bank of the Kaczawa river, about southwest of Legnica. In the south, the Kaczawskie Mountains stretch up to the Karkonosze range of the Western Sudetes. According to the Central Statistical Office data, , the city had 14,337 inhabitants and is one of the important centres of basalt mining. Town's name During its long existence ZÅ‚otoryja was referred t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Jawor
Duchy of Jawor (, ) was one of the duchies of Silesia and medieval Poland established in 1274 as a subdivision of the Duchy of Legnica. It was ruled by the Silesian Piasts, with its capital at Jawor in Lower Silesia. It was the southwesternmost duchy of Poland at the time, with the exception of the 1281–1286 period, when the more southwestern was the temporarily split off Duchy of Lwówek. At various times, it also bordered the fellow Polish duchies of Głogów, Legnica, Wrocław and Świdnica, and via the latter also Nysa, Brzeg and Ziębice. Geography The original Duchy stretched from Jawor on the Nysa Szalona River westwards along the northern slopes of the Western Sudetes to the Jizera Mountains and the Kwisa River, which formed the Silesian border with the former Milceni lands of Upper Lusatia. In the north it bordered the remaining Duchy of Legnica and in the east the Duchy of Silesia-Wrocław. It included the towns of Bolesławiec, Bolków, Gryfów, Jawor, Kami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sovereign States
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 member states of the United Nations, UN member states, two United Nations General Assembly observers#Current non-member observers, UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and ten other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and one UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (15 states, of which there are six UN member states, one UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and eight de facto states), and states having a political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, special political status (two states, both in associated state, free association with New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Town Rights
Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditions of the self-administration of Roman cities. Judicially, a borough (or burgh) was distinguished from the countryside by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges involved trade (marketplace, the storing of goods, etc.) and the establishment of guilds. Some of these privileges were permanent and could imply that the town obtained the right to be called a borough, hence the term "borough rights" (; ). Some degree of self-government, representation by diet, and tax-relief could also be granted. Multiple tiers existed; for example, in Sweden, the basic royal charter establishing a borough enabled trade, but not foreign trade, which required a higher-tier charter granting staple righ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cities And Towns In Lower Silesian Voivodeship
A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agreed definition of the lower boundary for their size. In a narrower sense, a city can be defined as a permanent and densely populated place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organizations, and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving the efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Academy Of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes. It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II. History The Polish Academy of Sciences is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning, headquartered in Warsaw, that was established by the merger of earlier science societies, including the Polish Academy of Learning (''Polska Akademia Umiejętności'', abbreviated ''PAU''), with its seat in Kraków, and the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning (Science), which had been founded in the late 18th century. The Polish Academy of Sciences functions as a learned society acting through an elected assembly of leading scholars and research institutions. The Academy has also, operating throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%. Related conflicts include the Eighty Years' War, the War of the Mantuan Succession, the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Franco-Spanish War, the Torstenson War, the Dutch-Portuguese War, and the Portuguese Restoration War. The war had its origins in the 16th-century Reformation, which led to religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1555 Peace of Augsburg attempted to resolve this by dividing the Empire into Catholic and Lutheran states, but the settlement was destabilised by the subsequent expansion of Protestantism beyond these boundaries. Combined with differences over the limits of imperial authority, religion was thus an important factor in star ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
