|
Háček
A caron or háček ( ), is a diacritic mark () placed over certain letters in the orthography of some languages, to indicate a change of the related letter's pronunciation. Typographers tend to use the term ''caron'', while linguists prefer the Czech word '. The symbol is common in the Baltic, Slavic, Finnic, Samic and Berber language families. Its use differs according to the orthographic rules of a language. In most Slavic and other European languages it indicates present or historical palatalization (e → ě; [] → []), iotation, or postalveolar consonant, postalveolar articulation (c → č; → ). In Salishan languages, it often represents a uvular consonant (x → x̌; [] → ). When placed over vowel symbols, the caron can indicate a contour tone, for instance the falling and then rising tone in the Pinyin romanization of Standard Chinese, Mandarin Chinese. It is also used to decorate symbols in mathematics, where it is often pronounced ("check"). The caro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmen Alphabet
The Turkmen alphabet refers to variants of the Latin script, Latin alphabet, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabet, or Arabic script, Arabic alphabet used for writing of the Turkmen language. The modified variant of the Latin script, Latin alphabet currently has an official status in Turkmenistan. For centuries, literary Turkic tradition in Central Asia (Chagatai language, Chagatai) revolved around the Arabic alphabet. At the start of the 20th century, when local literary conventions were to match colloquial variants of Turkic languages, and Turkmen-proper started to be written, it continued to use the Arabic script. In the 1920s, in Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Turkmenistan, issues and shortcomings of the Arabic alphabet for accurately representing Turkmen were identified and the orthography was refined (same as other Arabic-derived orthographies in Central Asia, such as Uzbek alphabet, Uzbek and Kazakh alphabets). But by 1928, due to state-policy, this orthography wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
En With Descender
En with descender (Ң ң; italics: ''Ңң'') is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter En (Н н) by adding a descender to the right leg. It is used in several mostly Turkic languages to represent the voiced velar nasal , like the pronunciation of in "sing". In some cases, it also represents allophones of , most commonly the voiced uvular nasal . The Cyrillic letter En with descender is romanized as or . Usage The Cyrillic letter En with descender is used in the alphabets of the following languages: Computing codes See also *Ӊ ӊ : Cyrillic letter En with tail *Ӈ ӈ : Cyrillic letter En with hook *Ҥ ҥ : Cyrillic ligature En Ge *Ñ ñ : Latin letter Ñ *Ň ň : Latin letter Ň *Ń ń : Latin letter Ń *Ŋ ŋ : Latin letter Eng * : Latin letter N with descender *Cyrillic characters in Unicode As of Unicode version , Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: * CyrillicU+0400–U+04FF 256 character ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovak Orthography
The first Slovak orthography was proposed and created by the Slovak Catholic priest Anton Bernolák (1762–1813) in his ''Dissertatio philologico-critica de litteris Slavorum'', used in the six-volume ''Slovak-Czech-Latin-German-Hungarian Dictionary'' (1825–1927) and used primarily by Slovak Catholics. The standard orthography of the Slovak language is immediately based on the standard developed by Ľudovít Štúr in 1844 and reformed by Martin Hattala in 1851 with the agreement of Štúr. The then-current (1840s) form of the central Slovak dialect was chosen as the standard. After Hattala's reform, the standardized orthography remained mostly unchanged. Alphabet The Slovak alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet with 46 letters including four diacritics (ˇ( mäkčeň), ´(acute accent), ¨( diaeresis/umlaut), ˆ(circumflex)), which makes it the longest Slavic and European alphabet. In IPA transcriptions of Slovak, are often written with , i.e. as if they were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Alphabet
Czech orthography is a system of rules for proper formal writing (orthography) in Czech language, Czech. The earliest form of separate Latin script specifically designed to suit Czech was devised by Czech theologian and church reformist Jan Hus, the namesake of the Hussite movement, in one of his seminal works, ''De orthographia bohemica'' (''On Bohemian orthography''). The modern Czech orthographic system is diacritic, having evolved from an earlier system which used many Digraph (orthography), digraphs (although one digraph has been kept - ''ch''). The caron (known as ''háček'' in Czech) is added to standard Latin letters to express sounds which are foreign to Latin language, Latin. The acute accent is used for long vowels. The Czech orthography is considered the model for many other Balto-Slavic languages using the Latin alphabet; Slovak orthography, Slovak orthography being its direct revised descendant, while the Croatian Gaj's Latin alphabet and its Slovene alphabet, Slov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovak Alphabet
The first Slovak orthography was proposed and created by the Slovak Catholic priest Anton Bernolák (1762–1813) in his ''Dissertatio philologico-critica de litteris Slavorum'', used in the six-volume ''Slovak-Czech-Latin-German-Hungarian Dictionary'' (1825–1927) and used primarily by Slovak Catholics. The standard orthography of the Slovak language is immediately based on the standard developed by Ľudovít Štúr in 1844 and reformed by Martin Hattala in 1851 with the agreement of Štúr. The then-current (1840s) form of the central Slovak dialect was chosen as the standard. After Hattala's reform, the standardized orthography remained mostly unchanged. Alphabet The Slovak alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet with 46 letters including four diacritics (ˇ( mäkčeň), ´(acute accent), ¨( diaeresis/umlaut), ˆ(circumflex)), which makes it the longest Slavic and European alphabet. In IPA transcriptions of Slovak, are often written with , i.e. as if they were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Orthography
Czech orthography is a system of rules for proper formal writing (orthography) in Czech. The earliest form of separate Latin script specifically designed to suit Czech was devised by Czech theologian and church reformist Jan Hus, the namesake of the Hussite movement, in one of his seminal works, '' De orthographia bohemica'' (''On Bohemian orthography''). The modern Czech orthographic system is diacritic, having evolved from an earlier system which used many digraphs (although one digraph has been kept - ''ch''). The caron (known as ''háček'' in Czech) is added to standard Latin letters to express sounds which are foreign to Latin. The acute accent is used for long vowels. The Czech orthography is considered the model for many other Balto-Slavic languages using the Latin alphabet; Slovak orthography being its direct revised descendant, while the Croatian Gaj's Latin alphabet and its Slovene and Serbian descendant system are largely based on it. The Baltic languages, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N With Tilde
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History One of the most common hieroglyphs, snake, was used in Egyptian writing to stand for a sound like the English , because the Egyptian word for "snake" was ''djet''. It is speculated by some, such as archeologist Douglas Petrovich, that Semitic speakers working in Egypt adapted hieroglyphs to create the first alphabet. Some hold that they used the same snake symbol to represent N, with a great proponent of this theory being Alan Gardiner, because their word for "snake" may have begun with n (an example of a possible word being ''nahash''). However, this theory has become disputed. The name for the letter in the Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic alphabets is ''nun'', which means "fish" in some of these languages. This possibly conne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N With Descender
Ꞑ, ꞑ ('' N with descender'') is a letter of the Latin alphabet, used in several New Turkic alphabet orthographies in 1930s (for instance, Tatar alphabet), as well as in the 1990s orthographies invented in attempts to restore the Latin alphabet for the Tatar language and the Chechen language. In the majority of languages this letter represented a velar nasal (as in English ''singing''). Due to problems with the display of this letter in phones and computers, it is sometimes replaced by a similar letter Ŋ ŋ. Free fonts that display it correctly includQuivira Gentium and Andika. History The letter appeared in late 1920s in the New Turkic Alphabet, however it was borrowed by some other non-Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union during the Latinisation campaign. In the 1990s the letter was used in Chechen Latin alphabet, in 2000s it was used in the Tatar Latin alphabet, both of them however are not in wide use now. In the Chechen alphabet the majuscule looked similar t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO 8859
ISO/IEC 8859 is a joint International Organization for Standardization, ISO and International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC series of standards for 8-bit character encodings. The series of standards consists of numbered parts, such as ISO/IEC 8859-1, ISO/IEC 8859-2, etc. There are 15 parts, excluding the abandoned ISO/IEC 8859-12. The ISO working group maintaining this series of standards has been disbanded. ISO/IEC 8859 parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 were originally Ecma International standard ECMA-94. Introduction While the bit patterns of the 95 graphic character, printable ASCII characters are sufficient to exchange information in modern English language, English, most other languages that use Latin script, Latin alphabets need additional symbols not covered by ASCII. ISO/IEC 8859 sought to remedy this problem by utilizing the eighth bit in an 8-bit byte to allow positions for another 96 printable characters. Early encodings were limited to 7 bits because of restrictions of som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Letter N With Caron
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, including English, having contributed many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, the sciences, medicine, and law. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had evolved into standardized Classical Latin. Vulgar Latin refers to the less prestigious colloquial registers, attested in inscriptions and some literary works such as those of the comic playwrights Plautus and Terence and the author Petronius. While often c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
