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Łupaszko
Zygmunt Szendzielarz (12 March 1910 – 8 February 1951, nom de guerre "Łupaszka".) was the commander of the Polish 5th Wilno Brigade of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and after the Second World War fought against the Red Army. The unit also committed the Dubingiai massacre, murdering hundreds of Lithuanian civilians on 23 June 1944. Following the postwar Soviet takeover of Poland he was arrested, accused of numerous crimes, and executed in Warsaw's Mokotów Prison as an anti-communist diehard soldier. In 1993, after the fall of communism, he was rehabilitated and declared innocent of all charges. In 2007 Polish president Lech Kaczyński posthumously awarded him the order of Polonia Restituta. Early life Szendzielarz was born in Stryj ( Austrian Partition, now Lviv Oblast, Ukraine), then part of Austria-Hungary and from 1919 to 1939 in Poland, into the family of a railway worker. After graduating from primary school in Lwów, he attended a biological-mathematical gymnas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dubingiai Massacre
The Dubingiai massacre was a mass murder of 20–27 Lithuanian civilians in the town of Dubingiai (in Polish, Dubinki) on 23 June 1944. The massacre was carried out by the Polish Home Army's 5th Wilno Brigade, part of the Polish resistance, in reprisal for the Glinciszki (Glitiškės) massacre of Polish civilians committed on 20 June 1944 by the Nazi-subordinated 258th Lithuanian Police Battalion. The Dubingiai massacre started a wider Polish Home Army (''AK'') operation in which units beyond the 5th Brigade were involved. By the end of June 1944, a total 70–100 Lithuanians were killed in Dubingiai and the neighbouring villages of Joniškis, , , and Giedraičiai. While Nazi collaborators were ostensibly the prime targets, the victims also included the elderly, children, and infants of 4 and 11 months. Further conflicts between Lithuanian and Polish units were prevented by the Soviet capture of Vilnius in mid-July 1944. Background Lithuanian–Polish relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Home Army 5th Wilno Brigade
The Home Army 5th Wilno Brigade (also known as the ''Brigade of Death'') was a unit of the Polish people, Polish Polish resistance movement in World War II, anti-Nazi resistance organization Home Army, active in the Vilnius Region during World War II. The main commander of the brigade was Major (rank), major Zygmunt Szendzielarz, nom de guerre "''Łupaszko''". During the German occupation of Poland the brigade found itself in particularly difficult circumstances as it faced off against three different foes; the German Nazis, Lithuanian units which were collaborating with them, as well as Soviet partisans who generally fought against Home Army units in the region, especially after 1943. In July 1944, the brigade numbered around 500 partisans. References External links The Home Army 5th and 6th Wilno Brigades: 1944-1952 Units and formations of the Home Army Military units and formations of Poland in World War II 1943 establishments in Poland 1952 disestablishments in Polan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Dąbrowski (lieutenant Colonel)
Jerzy Dąbrowski, Dąmbrowski, Dombrowskiknown in the litherature as Jerzy Dąmbrowski or Jerzy Dombrowski. His family used the second name Dąmbrowski. In military sources he is known as Jerzy III Dąbrowski to differentiate him from other Polish army officers with the same name. Junosza coat of arms, ''nom de guerre'' ''"Łupaszka"'' (born 29 April 1889 in Suwałki, executed under Soviet jurisdiction on the night of the 16th to 17 December 1940, after extensive torture at a prison in Mińsk) – cavalry officer with the rank of ''podpułkownik'' ( Lieutenant Colonel) in the Polish Army of the Second Polish Republic, guerilla fighter. Of notable men who served under Lt. Col. Jerzy Dąmbrowski were Capt. Witold Pilecki (at the time of the Polish-Soviet war, 1918–1921) and Maj. Henryk Dobrzański "Hubal" (during the Polish Defensive war, 1939). Decorations *Silver Cross of the Order Virtuti Militari (1922) * Cross of Valour, four times *Golden Cross of Merit * Military C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Białystok
Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the List of cities and towns in Poland, tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok Uplands of the Podlachia, Podlachian Plain on the banks of the Biała (Supraśl), Biała River, (124 mi) northeast of Warsaw. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the Belarus–Poland border, nearby border with Belarus also being the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok. The city has a Humid continental climate#Dfb/Dwb/Dsb: Mild to warm summer subtype, warm summer continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (, ), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast in western Ukraine. The capital city, capital of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is History Name The region is named after the city of Lviv which was founded by Daniel of Galicia, the Kingdom_of_Galicia–Volhynia#Princes_and_kings, King of Galicia, in the 13th century, where it became the capital of Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, Galicia-Volhynia. Daniel named the city after his son, Leo I of Halych, Leo. During this time, the general region around Lviv was known as Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, Galicia–Volhynia — one of the strongest and most stable kingdoms in Eastern Europe of that time. Early history The oblast's strategic position at the heart of central Europe and as the gateway to the Carpathian Mountains, Carpathians has caused it to change hands many times over the centuries. In the Early Middle Ages, the territory was inhabited by the L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Polonia Restituta
The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on alien (law), foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, national security, national defense, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries. It is Poland's second-highest civilian state award in the order of precedence, behind the Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Order of the White Eagle. The Order of Polonia Restituta is sometimes regarded as Poland's successor to the ''Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr'', known as the Order of Saint Stanislaus, established in 1765 by Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to honor supporters of the Polish crown. History When Poland regained its independence from the German Empire, Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lech Kaczyński
Lech Aleksander Kaczyński (; 18 June 194910 April 2010) was a Polish politician who served as the city mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 2005, and as President of Poland from 2005 until his death in 2010 in an air crash. The aircraft carrying him and senior Polish officials had crashed while they were travelling to attend ceremonies marking the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre. Prior to his tenure as president, Kaczyński served as President of the Supreme Audit Office from 1992 to 1995 and later Minister of Justice and Public Prosecutor General in Jerzy Buzek's cabinet from 2000 until his dismissal in July 2001. Born in Warsaw, he starred in a 1962 Polish film, ''The Two Who Stole the Moon'', with his identical twin brother Jarosław Kaczyński, Jarosław. Kaczyński was a graduate of law and administration of Warsaw University. In 1980, he was awarded his Ph.D. by Gdańsk University. In 1990, he completed his habilitation in labour and employment law. He later assum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rehabilitate (Soviet)
Rehabilitation (, transliterated in English as ''reabilitatsiya'' or academically rendered as ''reabilitacija'') was a term used in the context of the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states. Beginning after the death of Stalin in 1953, the government undertook the political and social restoration, or political rehabilitation, of persons who had been repressed and criminally prosecuted without due basis. It restored the person to the state of acquittal. In many cases, rehabilitation was posthumous, as thousands of victims had been executed or died in labor camps. The government also rehabilitated several minority populations which it had relocated under Stalin, and allowed them to return to their former territories and in some cases restored their autonomy in those regions. Post-Stalinism epoch The government started mass amnesty of the victims of Soviet repressions after the death of Joseph Stalin. In 1953, this did not entail any form of exoneration. The government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutions Of 1989
The revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Communist state, Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world. This revolutionary wave is sometimes referred to as the Autumn of Nations, a play on the term Spring of Nations that is sometimes used to describe the revolutions of 1848 in Europe. The revolutions of 1989 were a key factor in the dissolution of the Soviet Union—one of the two global superpowers—and in the abandonment of communist regimes in many parts of the world, some of which were violently overthrown. These events drastically altered the world's Balance of power (international relations), balance of power, marking the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the post-Cold War era. The earliest recorded protests which led to the revolutions began in Polish People's Republic, Poland on 14 August 1980, the massive gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalinism In Poland
Stalinism (, ) is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin and in Soviet satellite states between 1944 and 1953. Stalinism included the creation of a one man totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country, forced collectivization of agriculture, intensification of class conflict, a cult of personality, and subordination of the interests of foreign communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which Stalinism deemed the leading vanguard party of communist revolution at the time. After Stalin's death and the Khrushchev Thaw, a period of de-Stalinization began in the 1950s and 1960s, which caused the influence of Stalin's ideology to begin to wane in the USSR. Stalin's regime forcibly purged society of what it saw as threats to itself and its brand of communism (so-called "enemies of the peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
