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İETT
The Istanbul Electricity, Tram and Tunnel Establishments () or İETT is the transportation authority in Istanbul connected to the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality specializing in public transportation. History After nationalizing various companies and combining them in 1939 with law 3645, the “Istanbul Electric Tram and Tunnel General Directorate” reached the status it has today. In 1945 the Yedikule and Hasanpaşa Coal gas factories and the pipes fed by this factory that distributed coal gas to Istanbul and Anatolia were handed over to the IETT. trolleybuses that were implemented in 1961 continued servicing citizens until 1984. A law passed in 1982 gave all authority and right over electricity to the Turkish Electricity Administration (TEK). Coal gas production and distribution was ended in 1993. Today, the IETT only handles public transportation including buses, trams and tunnels as well as the administration, management and supervision of Istanbul Ulaşım A.Ş. Tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tünel
The Tünel (, designated as the F2 line on the Istanbul transport map) is a historic, underground, rubber-tyred funicular line in Istanbul, Turkey. It has two stations, connecting Karaköy and Beyoğlu. The tunnel runs uphill from near the confluence of the Golden Horn with the Bosphorus and is about long. It was inaugurated on 17 January 1875. History In the second half of the 19th century the neighbourhoods of Pera (modern day Beyoğlu) and Galata (modern day Karaköy) had become the financial and commercial heart of Constantinople (modern day Istanbul) and the Ottoman Empire. Many Ottoman and foreign companies, mostly banks and insurance companies, set up their headquarters in these two neighbourhoods. Foreign embassies, hotels and commercial markets in Pera were located at the top of a steep hill while the stock exchange, banks and ports in Galata were at the bottom. Travelling between these two districts was challenging, since grades were as steep as 24%. The main street ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yedikule Gasworks
Yedikule Gasworks () was a gasworks to produce coal gas in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built in 1880 and functioned until 1993. History Yedikule Gasworks is located at Yedikule neighborhood of Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey. Its construction began during the Ottoman era in 1873 after the mayor of Istanbul signed a concession agreement with a French company also as the operator. The project included the building of five industrial coke furnaces, two of them in the first phase. The budgeted cost amounted to 350,000-400,000 French francs. The project dragged on for a long time, and was not completed. The construction work resumed during the first years of the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (), and was completed in 1880. It was decided that the Municapity of Istanbul would take over the operation. It was the first gasworks in Istanbul, which produced coal gas used primarily for the lighting of streets and residences. In the beginning, the coal gas was sufficient only for 400 stre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasanpaşa Gasworks
Hasanpaşa Gasworks (, also known as ''Kadıköy Gazhanesi'' or ''Kurbağalıdere Gazhanesi''), today known as Museum Gasworks (''Müze Gazhane''), was a gasworks to produce coal gas in Istanbul, Turkey. Built in 1892, it was redeveloped into an arts, cultural center and technology museum in 2021. History Hasanpaşa Gasworks, today Museum Gasworks () is located at Kurbağalıdere St. 125 in Hasanpaşa neighborhood of Kadıköy district in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built in 1892 during the Ottoman Empire to meet the need of coal gas and electric power on the Anatolian part of Istanbul. At that time, it was one of the four gasworks in Istanbul, the others were at Dolmabahçe, Yedikule Gasworks, Yedikule and Kuzguncuk Gasworks, Kuzguncuk. The lighting of Istanbul's Anatolian side has been done since the 1860s by gas supplied from the Kuzguncuk Gasworks. As it became insufficient, the building of a new gasworks was projected. On 28 July 1891, a 50-years concession (contract), con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics of Turkey, population of Turkey. Istanbul is among the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest cities in Europe and List of cities proper by population, in the world by population. It is a city on two continents; about two-thirds of its population live in Europe and the rest in Asia. Istanbul straddles the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its area of is coterminous with Istanbul Province. Istanbul's climate is Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean. The city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. Byzantium was founded on the Sarayburnu promontory by Greek colonisation, Greek col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eminönü
Eminönü, historically known as Pérama, is a predominantly commercial waterfront area of Istanbul within the Fatih district near the confluence of the Golden Horn with the southern entrance of the Bosphorus strait and the Sea of Marmara. It is located in the part of Istanbul known as the historical peninsula, connected to Karaköy (historic Galata) via the Galata Bridge across the Golden Horn. It was administered as part of the Sultanahmet district from 1928 to 2009 when Sultanahmet was absorbed into Fatih. Eminönü, which was a district municipality until March 7, 2008, was abolished on this date and connected to Fatih district by law. It is completely located within the city wall, the historical core of the city, and forms one of the most vibrant areas of the central area. Eminönü's busy main square is overlooked by the New Mosque (Yeni Cami in Turkish) and the Spice Bazaar (Mısır Çarşısı in Turkish). Eminönü is an important transport hub. Several ferries have te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meter Gauge Railway
Metre-gauge railways ( US: meter-gauge railways) are narrow-gauge railways with track gauge of or 1 metre. Metre gauge is used in around of tracks around the world. It was used by several European colonial powers including France, Britain and Germany in their colonies. In Europe, large metre-gauge networks remain in use in Switzerland, Spain and many European towns with urban trams, but most metre-gauge local railways in France, Germany and Belgium closed down in the mid-20th century, although some still remain. With the revival of urban rail transport, metre-gauge light metros were built in some cities. The slightly-wider gauge is used in Sofia, Bulgaria. Another similar gauge is . __TOC__ Examples of metre-gauge See also * Italian metre gauge * Narrow-gauge railways A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge (distance between the rails) narrower than . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gaug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans, Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegro and Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defeated it, in the process stripping the Ottomans of their European provinces, leaving only East Thrace, Eastern Thrace under Ottoman control. In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria fought against the other four combatants of the first war. It also faced an attack from Kingdom of Romania, Romania from the north. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Although not involved as a combatant, Austria-Hungary became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavs, Slavic peoples. The war set the stage for the July Crisis, July crisis of 1914 and as a prelude to the First World War. By the early 20th century, Bul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Üsküdar
Üsküdar () is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 35 km2, and its population is 524,452 (2022). It is a large and densely populated district on the Anatolian (Asian) shore of the Bosphorus. It is bordered to the north by Beykoz, to the east by Ümraniye, to the southeast by Ataşehir and to the south by Kadıköy; with Karaköy, Kabataş, Beşiktaş, and the historic Sarayburnu quarter of Fatih facing it on the opposite shore to the west. Üsküdar has been a conservative cultural center of the Anatolian side of Istanbul since Ottoman times with its landmark as well as numerous tiny mosques and dergahs. Üsküdar is a major transport hub, with ferries to Eminönü, Karaköy, Kabataş, Beşiktaş and some of the Bosphorus suburbs. Üsküdar is a stop on the Marmaray rail service at the point where it starts its journey under the Bosphorus, re-emerging on the European side at Sirkeci. Via Marmaray, Üsküdar is linked to Gebz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMC Otomotiv
BMC Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. (), doing business as BMC Otomotiv and BMC (), is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in Turkey. Its products include commercial trucks, buses, military trucks and armoured vehicles. The company was founded in 1964 by Ergün Özakat in partnership of British Motor Corporation which held a 26% stake. It was purchased by Çukurova Holding in 1989, and seized by the Turkish government's TMSF (Turkish Savings Deposit Insurance Fund) in 2013. BMC has been taken over with a final bid of TL 751M, by a partnership of 51% Turkish side ( Ethem Sancak and Talip Öztürk) and 49% Qatari side (QAFIC – Qatar Armed Forces Industry Committee). History Partnership with British Motor Corporation Exports of Austin trucks from the UK to Turkey began in 1947. Austin merged with Morris Motors in 1952 to form the British Motor Corporation, or BMC for short. BMC Turkey was formed in 1964 in İzmir by Ergün Özakat in partnership with the British Motor Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yedikule
Yedikule (''Seven Towers'') is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Fatih, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,789 (2022). It is named after the seven-towered Yedikule Fortress, which surrounds the neighborhood. Urbanized in the 16th century, the neighborhood became a hub for industrial and agricultural activities. Yedikule has a local football team that played in the TFF Second League for a season. Marmaray passes through the neighbourhood, however Yedikule railway station is closed and the trains do not serve the neighbourhood. History Urbanization of Yedikule started in the 16th century, and it became a major hub for industrial and agricultural activities. Yedikule Walls (also known as Theodosius Walls) are also a notable historical artifact. Its tower, Yedikule Fortress, constructed between 408-450 AD, and repaired after 740 Istanbul earthquake. Ottoman period Yedikule was known with its gardens, Yedikule Urban Gardens, which was also famo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
