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Óscar Carmona
António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona (November 24, 1869April 18, 1951) was the 11th president of Portugal, serving from 1926 until his death in 1951. A Portuguese army officer and politician he previously served as prime minister of Portugal from 1926 to 1928, served as the War Ministry (Portugal), minister of war, in late 1923 and in 1926, and as Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal), minister of foreign affairs in 1926. Political origin Carmona was a republicanism, republican and a Freemason, and was a quick adherent to the proclamation of the Portuguese First Republic on 5 October 1910 revolution, 5 October 1910. He was, however, never a sympathizer of the democratic form of government, and – as he would later confess in an interview to António Ferro – he only voted for the first time at the 1933 Portuguese constitutional referendum, 1933 constitutional referendum. During the First Republic, he briefly served as Minister of War in the cabinet of António Ginestal Machad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excellency
Excellency is an honorific style (manner of address), style given to certain high-level officers of a sovereign state, officials of an international organization, or members of an aristocracy. Once entitled to the title "Excellency", the holder usually retains the right to that courtesy throughout their lifetime, although in some cases the title is attached to a particular office and is held only during tenure of that office. Generally people addressed as ''Excellency'' are heads of state, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, Roman Catholic bishops, high-ranking ecclesiastics, and others holding equivalent rank, such as heads of international organizations. Members of royal families generally have distinct addresses such as Majesty, Highness, etc.. While not a title of office itself, the honorific ''Excellency'' precedes various titles held by the holder, both in speech and in writing. In reference to such an official, it takes the form ''His'' or ''Her Excellency''; in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Academy (Portugal)
The Military Academy (AM; ''Academia Militar'' in Portuguese Language, Portuguese) is a Portugal, Portuguese military establishment, which has the ability to confer educational qualifications equivalent to a university. It develops activities of teaching, research and support for the communities with the purpose of training and forming officers for the Portuguese Army and the Portuguese Republican National Guard, Republican National Guard. History The Military Academy has this designation since 1959, but the first such establishment occurred in 1640 when the Military Higher Education was created. Campus Currently, the Portuguese Military Academy is located in two different barracks, a main one in Lisbon's Bemposta Palace and a detachment in Amadora. Academics Army graduation programs * Master's degree, Master in military sciences, Cavalry (5 years) * Master in military sciences, Infantry (5 years) * Master in military sciences, Artillery (5 years) * Master in military sciences, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomes Da Costa
Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa , commonly known as Manuel Gomes da Costa () or just Gomes da Costa (14 January 1863 – 17 December 1929), was a Portuguese army Officer (armed forces), officer and politician, the List of Presidents of Portugal, tenth president of Portugal and the second of the Ditadura Nacional, National Dictatorship. Gomes da Costa had a distinguished military career in the country's Portuguese Empire, colonies, from 1893 to 1915, in Portuguese India, India, Portuguese Mozambique, Mozambique, Portuguese Angola, Angola, and Portuguese São Tomé and PrÃncipe, São Tomé, having served under the command of Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Mouzinho de Albuquerque. After World War I, in which he rose to greater prominence in the command of the 1st Division (Portugal), 1st Division of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps, he became actively engaged in politics, in staunch opposition to the Dominant-party system, dominant Democratic Party (Portugal), De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
António Ginestal Machado
António Ginestal Machado (3 May 1874 – 28 June 1940; ) was a Portuguese politician. He was born in Almeida, graduated in Law at the University of Coimbra and became a high-school teacher. A member of the moderate Republican Union, he was one of the promoters of its fusion with the Evolutionist Party which originated the Republican Liberal Party. He was President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), from 15 November to 17 December 1923, in a minority government. He resigned due to the opposition of President Manuel Teixeira Gomes of dissolving the parliament, after an insurrection attempt. He was also previously Ministry of Education (Portugal), Minister of Public Instruction from May to October 1921 in the cabinet of Tomé de Barros Queirós. He died in Santarém. References 1873 births 1940 deaths People from Guarda District Prime ministers of Portugal University of Coimbra alumni {{Portugal-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1933 Portuguese Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Portugal on 19 March 1933. A draft of the Constitution had been published one year before and the public was invited to state any objections in the press. These tended to stay in the realm of generalities and only a handful of people, less than 6,000, voted against the new constitution. With its passage, women were allowed to vote for the first time in Portugal and given a voice in the National Assembly. According to a dispatch from the British Embassy in Lisbon, prior to the referendum: "Generally speaking, this novel constitution is receiving the marked approval which it deserves. It has a certain Fascist quality in its theory of 'corporations', which is a reversion to medieval from the 18th-century doctrines. But this quality, unsuited to our Anglo-Saxon tradition, is not out of place in a country which has hitherto founded its democracy on a French philosophy and found it unsuited to the national temperament". The British Embassy also poi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
António Ferro
António Joaquim Tavares Ferro (17 August 1895, Lisbon - 11 November 1956, Lisbon) was a Portuguese writer, journalist and politician, associated with the Estado Novo. Biography In 1915, when he was barely 19, his friend, Mário de Sá Carneiro, appointed him as editor of the magazine '' Orpheu'', precisely because he was still a minor. This position did not last long, however, as Sá Carneiro's father withdrew his financial support after only two issues. During the 1920s, he became a reporter for '' O Século'' and the ''Diário de Lisboa'', was briefly Director of the ''Illustração Portugueza'' and served as an international correspondent for ''Diário de NotÃcias''. He also contributed prose and poetry to several literary journals. In 1920, he published one of his best known works, a collection of aphorisms and "paradoxes" called the ''Teoria da Indiferença'' (Theory of Indifference). He also produced a self-described " fragmentary novel", ''Leviana'' (Frivolous) and, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5 October 1910 Revolution
5 October 1910 Revolution () was the overthrow of the centuries-old List of Portuguese monarchs, Portuguese monarchy and its replacement by the First Portuguese Republic. It was the result of a ''coup d'état'' organized by the Portuguese Republican Party. By 1910, the Kingdom of Portugal was in deep crisis: national anger over the 1890 British Ultimatum, the royal family's expenses, the Lisbon Regicide, assassination of the King and his heir in 1908, changing religious and social views, instability of the two political parties (Progressive Party (Portugal), Progressive and Regenerator Party, Regenerator), the dictatorship of João Franco, and the regime's apparent inability to adapt to modern times all led to widespread resentment against the Monarchy. The proponents of the republic, particularly the Republican Party, found ways to take advantage of the situation. The Republican Party presented itself as the only one with a programme capable of regaining Portugal's lost status ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese First Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (; officially: ''República Portuguesa'', Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 ''coup d'état''. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as '' Ditadura Nacional'' (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist '' Estado Novo'' (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance. Early years of the Republic After the republican uprising of 5 October 1910 that overthrew King Manuel II, a republican constitution was approved in 1911, inaugurating a parliamentary regime with little power in the hands of the president and a bicamer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freemason
Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizations in history. Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of three main traditions: *Anglo-American Freemasonry, Anglo-American style Freemasonry, which insists that a "volume of sacred law", such as the Bible, Quran, or other religious text be open in a working Masonic lodge, lodge, that every member professes belief in a God, supreme being, that only men be admitted, and discussion of religion or politics does not take place within the lodge. *Continental Freemasonry or Liberal Freemasonry which has continued to evolve beyond these restrictions, particularly regarding religious belief and political discussion. *Co-Freemasonry, Women Freemasonry or Co-Freemasonry, which includes organizations that either admit women exclusively (such as the Ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republicanism
Republicanism is a political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others. Historically, it emphasizes the idea of self-governance and ranges from the rule of a representative minority or aristocracy to popular sovereignty. It has had different definitions and interpretations which vary significantly based on historical context and methodological approach. In countries ruled by a monarch or similar ruler such as the United Kingdom, republicanism is simply the wish to replace the hereditary monarchy by some form of elected republic. Republicanism may also refer to the non-ideological scientific approach to politics and governance. As the republican thinker and second president of the United States John Adams stated in the introduction to his famous '' A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America'', the "science of politics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Ministry (Portugal)
The War Ministry (''Ministério da Guerra'') was the government department responsible for the administration of the Portuguese Army. In 1950 it was renamed Army Ministry (''Ministério do Exército''). The Army Ministry was disbanded in 1974, when it was replaced by the Ministry of National Defence (Portugal), Ministry of National Defence. References Portuguese Army Military of Portugal {{Europe-mil-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal (; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), parliament and keeps the President of Portugal, president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential system, semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and ''de facto'' chief executive. There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following Portuguese legislative elections, legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
