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Étienne Noël
Étienne Noël (29 September 1581 – 16 October 1659) was a Jesuit priest and natural philosopher. He was a teacher of René Descartes and is best known for clashing with Blaise Pascal on the idea of vacuum. Noël was born in Bassigny and joined the Society of Jesus at Verdun in 1599. He then became a teacher at Rouen in 1605 and in 1606 at the college of La Flèche. René Descartes was a student here from 1607 to 1614 and Noël taught philosophy here. In 1646 he became rector at the College de Clermont in Paris. While here he published ''Aphorismi physici'' (1646) and ''Sol flamma'' (1646) and sent copies of it to Descartes. He was a follower of Aristotelian physics. In 1646 Pascal conducted experiments along with Evangelista Torricelli and published ''Expériences nouvelles touchant le vide'' (1647) in which he considered what the region above the mercury column was made of. Pascal suggested that it was a vacuum, which Noël opposed using the Aristotelian concept and suggested tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Descartes
René Descartes ( , ; ; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and Modern science, science. Mathematics was paramount to his method of inquiry, and he connected the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra into analytic geometry. Descartes spent much of his working life in the Dutch Republic, initially serving the Dutch States Army, and later becoming a central intellectual of the Dutch Golden Age. Although he served a Dutch Reformed Church, Protestant state and was later counted as a Deism, deist by critics, Descartes was Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholic. Many elements of Descartes's philosophy have precedents in late Aristotelianism, the Neostoicism, revived Stoicism of the 16th century, or in earlier philosophers like Augustine of Hippo, Augustine. In his natural philosophy, he differed from the Scholasticism, schools on two major point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest mathematical work was on projective geometry; he wrote a significant treatise on the subject of conic sections at the age of 16. He later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social sciences, social science. In 1642, he started some pioneering work on calculating machines (called Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines), establishing him as one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator. Like his contemporary René Descartes, Pascal was also a pioneer in the natural and applied sciences. Pascal wrote in defense of the scientific method and produced several controversial results. He made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrondissement Of Langres
The arrondissement of Langres is an arrondissement of France in the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region. It has 157 communes. Its population is 42,678 (2021), and its area is . Composition The communes of the arrondissement of Langres are: # Aigremont #Andilly-en-Bassigny #Anrosey #Aprey #Arbigny-sous-Varennes #Arbot # Auberive # Aujeurres # Aulnoy-sur-Aube #Avrecourt #Baissey # Bannes # Bay-sur-Aube # Beauchemin # Belmont # Bize # Bonnecourt #Bourbonne-les-Bains #Bourg # Brennes # Celles-en-Bassigny #Celsoy # Chalancey # Chalindrey #Champigny-lès-Langres #Champigny-sous-Varennes # Champsevraine # Changey # Chanoy # Charmes # Chassigny #Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse # Chatenay-Mâcheron # Chatenay-Vaudin # Chaudenay # Chauffourt #Chézeaux # Choilley-Dardenay # Cohons # Coiffy-le-Bas # Coiffy-le-Haut #Colmier-le-Bas # Colmier-le-Haut # Coublanc # Courcelles-en-Montagne # Culmont # Cusey # Dammartin-sur-Meuse # Dampierre # Damrémont # Dommarien # Enfonvelle # Farincourt # Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuits
The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The Society of Jesus is the largest religious order in the Catholic Church and has played significant role in education, charity, humanitarian acts and global policies. The Society of Jesus is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 countries. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. They also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian works, and promote Ecumenism, ecumenical dialogue. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patron saint, patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verdun
Verdun ( , ; ; ; official name before 1970: Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city in the Meuse (department), Meuse departments of France, department in Grand Est, northeastern France. It is an arrondissement of the department. In 843, the Treaty of Verdun, which divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms—considered the foundation of Germany and France—was signed there. An episcopal principality of the Holy Roman Empire since the 10th century, Verdun was subjugated by France in 1552, during the "Voyage to Austrasia". Along with the other free cities of the Empire, Metz and Toul, it formed the province of the Three Bishoprics, which was attached to the Kingdom of France in 1648 by the Treaty of Münster (1648), Treaty of Münster. Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital of the department is Bar-le-Duc, which is slightly smaller than Verdun. It is well known for giving Battle of Verdun, its name to the longest battle in modern history in the World War I, Fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouen
Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine, in northwestern France. It is in the prefecture of Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, the population of the metropolitan area () is 702,945 (2018). People from Rouen are known as ''Rouennais''. Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy during the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman and Angevin kings of England, Angevin dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th to the 15th centuries. From the 13th century onwards, the city experienced a remarkable economic boom, thanks in particular to the development of textile factories and river trade. Claimed by both the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War, it was on its soil that Joan of Arc was tried and burned alive on 30 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Flèche
La Flèche () is a town and commune in the French department of Sarthe, in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire Valley. It is the sub-prefecture of the South-Sarthe, the chief district and the chief city of a canton, and the second most populous city of the department. The city is part of the Community of communes of the Pays La Flèche. The inhabitants of the town are called ''Fléchois''. The Prytanée National Militaire is located in La Flèche. Geography La Flèche is located on the Loir River and is also on the Greenwich Meridian. It is located halfway between Le Mans (45 km) and Angers. City communes * Sainte-Colombe * Saint-Germain-du-Val * Verron Neighboring municipalities * Bazouges Cré sur Loir * Crosmières * Villaines-sous-Malicorne * Bousse * Clermont-Créans * Mareil-sur-Loir * Thorée-les-Pins * Baugé-en-Anjou (Maine-et-Loire) History The origin of the name ''La Flèche'' is uncertain; the word ''flèche'' means "arrow" in French. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycée Louis-le-Grand
The Lycée Louis-le-Grand (), also referred to simply as Louis-le-Grand or by its acronym LLG, is a public Lycée (French secondary school, also known as sixth form college) located on Rue Saint-Jacques (Paris), rue Saint-Jacques in central Paris. It was founded in the early 1560s by the Jesuits as the Collège de Clermont, was renamed in 1682 after King Louis XIV ("Louis the Great"), and has remained at the apex of France's secondary education system despite its disruption in 1762 following the suppression of the Society of Jesus. It offers both a high school curriculum, and a Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles, Classes Préparatoires post-secondary-level curriculum in the sciences, business and khâgne, humanities. Location Louis-le-Grand is located in the heart of the , the centuries-old student district of Paris. It is surrounded by other storied educational institutions: the University of Paris, Sorbonne to its west, across rue Saint-Jacques; the Collège de France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
