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Éponine
Éponine Thénardier (; ), also referred to as "Ponine", the "Jondrette girl" and the "young working-man", is a fictional character in the 1862 novel ''Les Misérables'' by Victor Hugo. The character is introduced as a spoiled and pampered child, but appears later in the novel as a ragged and impoverished teenager who speaks in the argot of the Parisian streets, while retaining vestiges of her former charm and innocence. In the novel Life in Montfermeil Éponine is born in 1816, the oldest child of the Thénardiers. As children, Éponine and her younger sister Azelma are described as pretty, well-dressed, and charming. They are pampered and spoiled by their parents, the Thénardiers, who run an inn in Montfermeil, France. Three years later, when Fantine and her illegitimate daughter Cosette come across the inn, Fantine sees Éponine and Azelma playing outside. Cosette joins the two sisters and the three play together. Fantine asks the Thénardiers to take care of Cosette ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Les Misérables
''Les Misérables'' (, ) is a 19th-century French literature, French Epic (genre), epic historical fiction, historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published on 31 March 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. ''Les Misérables'' has been popularized through Adaptations of Les Misérables, numerous adaptations for film, television, and the stage, including Les Misérables (musical), a musical. In the English-speaking world, the novel is usually referred to by its original French title. However, several alternatives have been used, including ''The Miserables'', ''The Wretched'', ''The Miserable Ones'', ''The Poor Ones'', ''The Wretched Poor'', ''The Victims'', and ''The Dispossessed''. Beginning in 1815 and culminating in the 1832 June Rebellion in Paris, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption. Examining the nature of law and grace, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thénardiers
The Thénardiers, commonly known as (; ) and , are fictional characters, and the secondary antagonists in Victor Hugo's 1862 novel and in many adaptations of the novel into other media. They are unscrupulous working-class people who blame society for their sufferings. Early in the novel, they own an inn and cheat their customers. After they lose the inn in bankruptcy, they change their name to and live by begging and petty thievery. They serve, alongside Javert, as one of the two arch-nemeses of the story's protagonist, Jean Valjean. While Javert represents the justice system that would punish Valjean, the Thénardiers represent the lawless subculture of society that would exploit him. The novel portrays them as shameless and abusive figures; some adaptations transform them into buffoonish characters, though sometimes still criminals, to provide comic relief from the generally more serious tone of the story. In the novel Part One: Fantine When Hugo introduces the Thénardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marius Pontmercy
Marius Pontmercy () is a fictional character, one of the protagonists of Victor Hugo’s 1862 novel ''Les Misérables''. He is a young student, and the suitor of Cosette. Believing Cosette lost to him, and determined to die, he joins the revolutionary association Friends of the ABC, which he associates with, but is not a part of, as they take part in the 1832 June Rebellion. Facing death in the fight, his life is saved by Jean Valjean, and he subsequently weds Cosette, a young woman whom Valjean had raised as his own. In the novel Marius and his father When Marius first appears, he is living with his rich and monarchist grandfather, Monsieur Gillenormand. All his life, he has been told that his father ( Georges Pontmercy, a colonel under Napoleon) abandoned him to Gillenormand. Shortly after Marius turns seventeen, he is sent to see his father, who is ill. He arrives just after his father dies. His father has left Marius a note, instructing him to help Thénardier in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosette
Cosette () is a fictional character in the 1862 novel ''Les Misérables'' by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives her a surname. In the course of the novel, she is mistakenly identified as ''Ursule'', ''Lark'', or ''Mademoiselle Lanoire''. She is the daughter of Fantine, a working woman who leaves her to be looked after by the Thénardiers, who exploit and victimise her. Rescued by Jean Valjean, who raises Cosette as if she were his own, she grows up in a convent school. She falls in love with Marius Pontmercy, a young lawyer. Valjean's struggle to protect her while disguising his past drives much of the plot until he recognizes "that this child had a right to know life before renouncing it"—and he must allow her romantic attachment to Marius to blossom. In the novel Early life Euphrasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Sabinus
Julius Sabinus was an aristocratic Gaul of the Lingones at the time of the Batavian rebellion of AD 69. He attempted to take advantage of the turmoil in Rome after the death of Nero to set up an independent Gaulish state. After his defeat he was hidden for many years by his wife Epponina. The story of the couple, with emphasis on the loyalty of Epponina (known as "Éponine"), became popular in France during the 18th and 19th centuries. Rebellion He was a Roman officer, naturalized, as indicated by his name. He claimed to be the great-grandson of Julius Caesar on the grounds that his great-grandmother had been Caesar's lover during the Gallic war. In AD 69, benefiting from the period of disorders which shook the Roman Empire and the rebellion started on the Rhine by the Batavians, he started a revolt in Belgian Gaul. However, his badly organised forces were easily defeated by the Sequani who were still faithful to Rome. Following his defeat, he faked his own death by telling his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patron-Minette
Patron-Minette was the name given to a street gang in Victor Hugo's 1862 novel ''Les Misérables'' and Les Misérables (musical), the musical of the same name. The gang consisted of four criminals: Montparnasse, Claquesous, Babet, and Gueulemer/Brujon. They were well acquainted with the Thénardiers, who recruited them to assist in robbing Jean Valjean. Hugo explains that the name "Patron-Minette" is an old-fashioned slang expression for the early dawn, "the hour at which their work ended, the dawn being the vanishing moment for phantoms and for the separation of ruffians". Character descriptions Montparnasse was, in the words of Hugo, "scarcely more than a child, a youth of under twenty with a pretty face, cherry-lips, glossy dark hair and the brightness of Springtime in his eyes. ... The gamin turned vagabond and the vagabond become an assassin ... A fashion plate living in squalor and committing murder." He is referred to as Thénardier's "unofficial son-in-law" after having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adaptations Of Les Misérables
Victor Hugo's novel ''Les Misérables'' has been the subject of many Adaptation (arts), adaptations in various media since its original publication in 1862. Books (adaptations and sequels) * 1872, ''Gavroche: The Gamin of Paris'', translated and adapted by M. C. Pyle. * 1922, The Story of "Les Misérables", adapted by Isabel C. Fortey. * 1935, ''Jean Val Jean'', a condensed retelling by Solomon Cleaver. * 1946, ''Les Misérables'', adapted by Mabel Dodge Holmes, edited by Grace A. Benscoter. * 1995, ''Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables'' by Laura Kalpakian, more a sequel to the musical than to Hugo's novel. * 1995, ''Les Misérables'', adapted by Monica Kulling for the Bullseye Step into Classics series. * 2000–2001, ''Pont au Change'', an independently published sequel in three parts (''Resurrections'', ''Sanctuary'' and ''Adrift'') by Arlene C. Harris * 2001, French author François Cérésa wrote two sequels, ''Cosette or the Time of Illusions'' and ''Marius or The Fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavroche
Gavroche () is a fictional character in the 1862 novel ''Les Misérables'' by Victor Hugo. He is a boy who lives on the streets of Paris. His name has become a synonym for an urchin or Street children, street child. Gavroche plays a short yet significant role in the many Adaptations of Les Misérables, adaptations of ''Les Misérables'', sharing the Populism, populist ideology of the Friends of the ABC and joining the revolutionaries in the June Rebellion, June 1832 rebellion. He figures in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th parts of the novel. In the novel Gavroche is the eldest son of Thénardiers, Monsieur and Madame Thénardier. He has two older sisters, Éponine and Les Misérables#Minor, Azelma, and Les Misérables#Minor, two unnamed younger brothers. Hugo never provides his given name but says Gavroche has chosen his own name. His parents show him no affection and send him to live in the street, where he is better off than at home. The Thénardiers sell (or lend) their two youngest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Valjean
Jean Valjean () is the protagonist of Victor Hugo's 1862 novel ''Les Misérables''. The story depicts the character's struggle to lead a normal life and redeem himself after serving a 19-year-long prison sentence for stealing bread to feed his sister's starving children and attempting to escape from prison. Valjean is also known in the novel as Monsieur Madeleine, Ultime Fauchelevent (once called Tranchelevent by Monsieur Gillenormand), Monsieur Leblanc, and Urbain Fabre. Jean Valjean and police Inspector Javert, who repeatedly encounters Valjean and attempts to return him to prison, have become archetypes in literary culture. Outline of the novel As a parolee, Valjean is issued a yellow passport with marching orders to Pontarlier, where he will be forced to live under severe restrictions. This document, often called a "passeport jaune" (yellow passport), identifies him to all as a former convict and immediately brands Valjean an outcast wherever he travels. His life tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fantine
Fantine (French pronunciation: ) is a fictional character in Victor Hugo's 1862 novel ''Les Misérables''. She is a young ''Grisette (person), grisette'' in Paris who is impregnated by a rich student. After he abandons her, she is forced to look after their child, Cosette, on her own. Originally a beautiful and naive girl, Fantine is eventually forced by circumstances to become a prostitute to support her daughter, losing her beauty and health until she finally dies of tuberculosis. She was first played in Les Misérables (musical), the musical by Rose Laurens in France, and when the musical came to England, Patti LuPone played Fantine in the West End. Fantine has since been played by numerous actresses. Fantine became an archetype of self-abnegation and devoted motherhood. She has been portrayed by many actresses in stage and screen versions of the story and has been depicted in works of art. In the novel Description Hugo introduces Fantine as one of four fair girls attach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argot
A cant is the jargon or language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group.McArthur, T. (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (1992) Oxford University Press It may also be called a cryptolect, argot, pseudo-language, anti-language or secret language. Each term differs slightly in meaning; their uses are inconsistent. Etymology There are two main schools of thought on the origin of the word ''cant'': * In linguistics, the derivation is normally seen to be from the Irish word (older spelling ), "speech, talk", or Scottish Gaelic . It is seen to have derived amongst the itinerant groups of people in Ireland and Scotland, who hailed from both Irish/Scottish Gaelic and English-speaking backgrounds, ultimately developing as various creole languages. However, the various types of cant (Scottish/Irish) are mutually unintelligible. The Irish creole variant is termed " the cant". Its speakers from the Irish Traveller community know it as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
