|
Édouard Gruner
Édouard Emmanuel Gruner (16 June 1849 – 21 July 1933) was a French civil engineer and industrialist. He trained as a mining engineer, and soon became a senior administrator or president of various steel and mining enterprises. He headed the central committee of coal mining companies from 1907, and was first president of the Protestant Federation of France. He was active in the social Protestant movement, believing that employers had responsibility for the welfare of workers, and should not just delegate this to the state. Family Édouard Emmanuel Gruner was born in Poitiers, Vienne, on 16 January 1849. He was from an old Protestant bourgeois family from Bern. He was the only son of Emmanuel-Louis Gruner (1809–83) and Emma Milson. His father was a civil engineer who was assistant director of the École des mines and vice president of the Conseil des mines. He attended the École Polytechnique from 1869. As a sub-lieutenant of artillery, he defended Paris in 1871 during the Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poitiers
Poitiers is a city on the river Clain in west-central France. It is a commune in France, commune, the capital of the Vienne (department), Vienne department and the historical center of Poitou, Poitou Province. In 2021, it had a population of 90,240. Its conurbation had 134,397 inhabitants in 2021 and is the municipal center of an urban area of 281,789 inhabitants. It is a city of art and history, still known popularly as "Ville aux cent clochers" (literal translation: "City of hundred bell towers"). With more than 30,000 students, Poitiers has been a major university town since the creation of its University of Poitiers, university in 1431, having hosted world-renowned figures and thinkers such as René Descartes, Joachim du Bellay and François Rabelais, among others. The plaza of the town is picturesque; its streets including predominantly preserved historical architecture and half-timbered houses, especially religious edifices, commonly from the Romanesque architecture, Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Simon
Jules François Simon (; 31 December 1814 – 8 June 1896) was a French statesman and philosopher, and one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans in the Third French Republic. Biography Simon was born at Lorient. His father was a linen-draper from Lorraine, who renounced Protestantism before his second marriage with a Catholic Breton. Jules Simon was the son of this second marriage. The family name was Suisse, which Simon dropped in favour of his third forename. By considerable sacrifice he was enabled to attend a seminary at Vannes, and worked briefly as usher in a school before, in 1833, he became a student at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. There he came in contact with Victor Cousin, who sent him to Caen and then to Versailles to teach philosophy. He helped Cousin, without receiving any recognition, in his translations from Plato and Aristotle, and in 1839 became his deputy in the chair of philosophy at the University of Paris, with the meagre salary of 83 f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri De Peyerimhoff
Henri de Peyerimhoff (19 September 1871 – 21 July 1953) was a French senior civil servant and then a lobbyist for the coal industry and president of several mining companies. He came from the minor aristocracy of Alsace and was son of a magistrate. At an early age he was made a senior administrator in the Council of State. He became bored with this work, resigned and became head of the colliery owner's association, whose interests he defended against other industries, the unions and the government. He became vice-president of the National Economic Council, and used that position to express his generally conservative views on social and industrial issues. He was in favour of paternalism and industrial cartels, and against state intervention. Early years 1871–1895 Henri Marie Joseph Hercule de Peyerimhoff de Fontenelle was born in Colmar, Alsace on 19 September 1871. His family originated in 14th century Alsace near the borders with Bavaria and Baden. The Catholic branch ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kryvyi Rih
Kryvyi Rih ( ; , ), also known as Krivoy Rog ( ), is a city in central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kryvyi Rih Raion and its subordinate Kryvyi Rih urban hromada in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The city is part of the Kryvyi Rih Metropolitan Region. Its population is estimated at making it the seventh-most populous city in Ukraine and the second largest by area. Kryvyi Rih is claimed to be the longest city in Europe. Located at the confluence of the Saksahan and Inhulets rivers, Kryvyi Rih was founded as a military staging post in 1775. Urban-industrial growth followed Belgian, French and British investment in the exploitation of the area's rich iron-ore deposits, generally called Kryvbas, in the 1880s. Kryvyi Rih gained city status after the October Revolution in 1919. Stalin-era industrialisation built Kryvorizhstal in 1934, the largest integrated metallurgical works in the Soviet Union. After a brutal German occupation in World War II, Kryvyi Rih experienc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul De Rousiers
Paul de Rousiers (; 16 January 1857 – 28 March 1934) was a French social economist and industrial lobbyist. He was a follower of Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play, and believed in industrial syndicates that would be independent of both workers and owners, and would be dedicated to the progress of their industries. He undertook studies of society and economic organization in the United States, Britain and Germany, where he visited the rural areas, towns, cities, farms, mines and factories, and spoke to workers, owners, politicians and intellectuals to gain an understanding of the interplay of social and economic forces. His work gained him considerable respect. In 1903 Paul de Rousiers became secretary-general of the French shipowners' association, a position he held for most of the rest of his life. In this role he proved a highly effective lobbyist. He also provided valuable information and legal services to the members, and helped in their negotiations with trade unions. He r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Pinot
Robert Pinot (; 28 January 1862 – 24 February 1926) was a French sociologist from the conservative Le Playist school who became a highly effective lobbyist for heavy industry owners. He was the long-term secretary-general of the Comité des forges, an association of iron and steel manufacturers that was influential in setting industrial policy, particularly during World War I (1914–18). Early years Robert Pinot was born on 28 January 1862 in Boissy-Saint-Léger. He was admitted to the École des Mines in Paris in 1883, but left to join the Ministry of Finance. In 1885, three years after the death of Frédéric le Play, Henri de Tourville and Edmond Demolins founded a new journal, ''Science sociale''. They brought with them a few adherents including Paul de Rousiers and Robert Pinot. Pinot studied at the École des Sciences politiques, and taught at this school from 1893 to 1899. Pinot agreed with Le Play's corporatist-paternalist views, and believed in the progressive charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exposition Universelle (1900)
The Exposition Universelle of 1900 (), better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was the sixth of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ de Mars, the Trocadéro and at the banks of the Seine between them, with an additional section in the Bois de Vincennes, and it was visited by more than fifty million people. Many international congresses and other events were held within the framework of the exposition, including the 1900 Summer Olympics. Many technological innovations were displayed at the Fair, including the '' Grande Roue de Paris'' ferris wheel, the '' Rue de l'Avenir'' moving sidewalk, the first ever regular passenger trolleybus line, escalators, diesel engines, electric cars, dry cell batteries, electr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is one of the first and oldest List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agencies of the UN. The ILO has Member states of the International Labour Organization, 187 member states: 186 out of 193 Member states of the United Nations, UN member states plus the Cook Islands. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with around 40 field offices around the world, and employs some 3,381 staff across 107 nations, of whom 1,698 work in technical cooperation programmes and projects. The ILO's standards are aimed at ensuring accessible, productive, and sustainable Work (human activity), work worldwide in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity. They are set forth in List of International Labour Organization Conventions, 189 convent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre-Paul Guieysse
Pierre-Paul Guieysse, (May 11, 1841 – May 19, 1914) was a French Socialist politician. He was Minister of the Colonies in the French Cabinet headed by Léon Bourgeois between 1895 and 1896. Life He was born in Lorient, Brittany, of a Protestant family. He trained as a hydrographic engineer, working for the navy, but developed scholarly and political interests, becoming a specialist in Egyptology and being active in leftist politics. In May 1900 he co-founded the newspaper ''La Dépêche de Lorient''. Guieyesse was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a Radical and Republican Deputy for Morbihan between 1890 and 1910. He was active in the debate over the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, to which he proposed an amendment. He was also active in the promotion of legislation to make pension contributions compulsory. Guieysse was active in the social Protestant movement, as were other Musée social members such as Charles Gide (1847–1932), Édoua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Gide
Charles Gide (; 1847–1932) was a French economist and historian of economic thought. He was a professor at the University of Bordeaux, at Montpellier, at Université de Paris and finally at Collège de France. His nephew was the author André Gide. Academic work A founder of ''Revue d'économie politique'' in 1887, Gide was a proponent of the French historical school of economics. Gide supported economist Léon Walras, as they shared a social philosophy, social activism, and disdain for the "Manchester-style" economics of the ''journalistes''."History of Economic Thought" , The French Liberal School Website. Note: The French Liberal School had lost interest in serious economic theory by the 1830s. Social activism During the early 1880s Gide worked with Édouard de Boyve, founder in ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Siegfried
Jules Siegfried (12 February 1837 – 26 September 1922) was a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1885 to 1897, and from 1902 to 1922. Siegfried was active in the social Protestant movement, as were other Musée social members such as Charles Gide (1847–1932), Édouard Gruner (1849–1933), Henri Monod (1843–1911) and Pierre-Paul Guieysse (1841–1914). He died in Le Havre Le Havre is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy (administrative region), Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the Seine, river Seine on the English Channel, Channe ... on 26 September 1922. References Sources * 1837 births 1922 deaths Politicians from Mulhouse French Protestants Republican Union (France) politicians Democratic Republican Alliance politicians Members of the 4th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 5th Chamber of Deputies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
