Édouard Bard
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Édouard Bard
Edouard Bard, born on September 1, 1962, is a French climatologist, Professor of Climate and Ocean Evolution at the Collège de France and a member of the French Academy of Sciences. Biography After studying geological engineering (ENSG) in Nancy, Edouard Bard began his research at the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA) in Gif-sur-Yvette (doctoral thesis in 1987) and continued at the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in New York as a postdoctoral fellow in 1988 and as an associate researcher in 1989. Back in France, he first joined the CEA as a researcher, then began teaching as a professor at the University of Aix-Marseille in 1991 and at the Collège de France in 2001. He is currently deputy director of the European Centre for Research and Education in Environmental Geosciences (CEREGE) at the Arbois Technopole in Aix-en-Provence and coordinates the EQUIPEX ASTER-CEREGE, project. Edouard Bard is the author of more than 200 articles in the peer ...
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Climatology
Climatology (from Greek , ''klima'', "slope"; and , '' -logia'') or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. Climate concerns the atmospheric condition during an extended to indefinite period of time; weather is the condition of the atmosphere during a relative brief period of time. The main topics of research are the study of climate variability, mechanisms of climate changes and modern climate change. This topic of study is regarded as part of the atmospheric sciences and a subdivision of physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences. Climatology includes some aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry. The main methods employed by climatologists are the analysis of observations and modelling of the physical processes that determine climate. Short term weather forecasting can be interpreted in terms of knowledge of longer-term phenomena of climate, for insta ...
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François Hollande
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (; born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2012 to 2017. Before his presidency, he was First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France), First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party (PS) from 1997 to 2008, Mayor (France), Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008, as well as President of the Departmental Council of Corrèze, General Council of Corrèze from 2008 to 2012. He has also held the Corrèze's 1st constituency, 1st constituency of Corrèze seat in the National Assembly (France), National Assembly three times, first from 1988 to 1993, then from 1997 to 2012, and from 2024 onwards. Born in Rouen and raised in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hollande began his political career as a special advisor to newly elected President François Mitterrand before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo the government's spokesman. He became a member of the National Assembly in 1988 French legislative electio ...
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Lake Sediment
Sediment is a solid material that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs naturally and, through the processes of weathering and erosion, is broken down and subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. For example, sand and silt can be carried in suspension in river water and on reaching the sea bed deposited by sedimentation; if buried, they may eventually become sandstone and siltstone (sedimentary rocks) through lithification. Sediments are most often transported by water (fluvial processes), but also wind (aeolian processes) and glaciers. Beach sands and river channel deposits are examples of fluvial transport and deposition, though sediment also often settles out of slow-moving or standing water in lakes and oceans. Desert sand dunes and loess are examples of aeolian transport and deposition. Glacial moraine deposits and till are ice-transported sediments. Classification Se ...
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