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École Normale Primaire
A normal school was responsible for training primary school teachers in France. This system, which had long been an essential part of the structure of state primary education, lasted in France from 1808 to 1990–1991. They were commonly called or . Later, they were integrated into the Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres, IUFM, which trains primary and secondary school teachers. For a time, Japan followed the French model with the creation of normal schools in 1886. Normal schools in France During the First French Empire, First Empire (1804–1814), article 108 of the Imperial Decree of March 17, 1808, concerning the organization of the University of France, provided for the creation of "normal classes" within the Secondary education in France, lycées or Secondary education in France, collèges "intended to train teachers for the primary schools". After the short-lived first normal school in Paris in 1794, the second "normal school" was created in Strasbourg in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primary Education
Primary education is the first stage of Education, formal education, coming after preschool/kindergarten and before secondary education. Primary education takes place in ''primary schools'', ''elementary schools'', or first schools and middle schools, depending on the location. Hence, in the United Kingdom and some other countries, the term ''primary'' is used instead of ''elementary''. There is no commonly agreed on duration of primary education, but often three to six years of elementary school, and in some countries (like the US) the first Primary education in the United States, seven to nine years are considered primary education. The International Standard Classification of Education considers primary education as a single phase where programs are typically designed to provide fundamental reading, writing, and mathematics skills and establish a solid foundation for learning. This is International Standard Classification of Education#Level 1, ISCED Level 1: Primary educatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Alfred Pierre, Comte De Falloux
Frédéric and Frédérick are the French versions of the common male given name Frederick. They may refer to: In artistry: * Frédéric Back, Canadian award-winning animator * Frédéric Bartholdi, French sculptor * Frédéric Bazille, Impressionist painter best known for his depiction of figures * Frédéric Mariotti, actor In politics: * Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira, 1st Vice-President of Burundi * Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro, Vice-President of Burundi from 11 November 2004 to 26 August 2005 * Frédéric Bastiat, political economist and member of the French assembly * Frédéric Dutoit (born 1956), French politician * Frédéric Mathieu (born 1977), French politician In literature: * Frédéric Beigbeder, French writer, commentator critic and pundit * Frédéric Berat, French poet and songwriter * Frédéric Mistral, French poet In science: * Frédéric Cailliaud, French mineralogist * Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist and Nobel laureate In sport: * Frédér ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialism
Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the Economic ideology, economic, Political philosophy, political, and Social theory, social theories and Political movement, movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can take various forms, including State ownership, public, Community ownership, community, Collective ownership, collective, cooperative, or Employee stock ownership, employee.: "Just as private ownership defines capitalism, social ownership defines socialism. The essential characteristic of socialism in theory is that it destroys social hierarchies, and therefore leads to a politically and economically egalitarian society. Two closely related consequences follow. First, every individual is entitled to an equal ownership share that earns an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second French Empire
The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was the government of France from 1852 to 1870. It was established on 2 December 1852 by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, president of France under the French Second Republic, who proclaimed himself Emperor of the French as Napoleon III. The period was one of significant achievements in infrastructure and economy, while France reasserted itself as the dominant power in Europe. Historians in the 1930s and 1940s disparaged the Second Empire as a precursor of fascism, but by the late 20th century it was re-evaluated as an example of a modernizing regime. Historians have generally given the Second Empire negative evaluations on its foreign policy, and somewhat more positive assessments of domestic policies, especially after Napoleon III liberalised his rule after 1858. He promoted French business and exports. The greatest achievements included a railway network that facilitated commerce and tied the nation together with Paris a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Second Republic
The French Second Republic ( or ), officially the French Republic (), was the second republican government of France. It existed from 1848 until its dissolution in 1852. Following the final defeat of Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo, in June 1815, France had been reconstituted into a monarchy known as the Bourbon Restoration in France, Bourbon Restoration. After a brief period of July Revolution, revolutionary turmoil in 1830, royal power was again secured in the "July Monarchy", governed under principles of moderate conservatism and improved relations with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. In 1848, Europe erupted into a Revolutions of 1848, mass revolutionary wave in which many citizens challenged their royal leaders. Much of it was led by France in the French Revolution of 1848, February Revolution, overthrowing Louis Philippe I, King Louis-Philippe. Radical and liberal factions of the population convened the French Second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HĂ´tel De Ville, Paris
The (, ''City hall (administration), City Hall'') is the city hall of Paris, France, standing on the in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, 4th arrondissement. The south wing was originally constructed by Francis I of France, Francis I beginning in 1535 until 1551. The north wing was built by Henry IV of France, Henry IV and Louis XIII between 1605 and 1628. It was burned by the Paris Commune, along with all the city archives that it contained, during the Semaine Sanglante, the Commune's final days, in May 1871. The outside was rebuilt following the original design, but larger, between 1874 and 1882, while the inside was considerably modified. It has been the headquarters of the municipality of Paris since 1357. It serves multiple functions, housing the Council of Paris, local government council, since 1977 the Mayor of Paris, mayors of Paris and their cabinets, and also serves as a venue for large receptions. It was designated a ''monument historique'' by the French government in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee
A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly or organization sends matters to a committee as a way to explore them more fully than would be possible if the whole assembly or organization were considering them. Committees may have different functions and their types of work differ depending on the type of organization and its needs. A member of a legislature may be delegated a committee assignment, which gives them the right to serve on a certain committee. Purpose A deliberative assembly or other organization may form a committee (or "commission") consisting of one or more persons to assist with the work of the assembly. For larger organizations, much work is done in committees. They can be a way to formally draw together people of relevant expertise from different parts of an organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1833
Events January–March * January 3 – The United Kingdom reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. * February 6 (January 25 on the Greek calendar) – Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria arrives at the port of Nafplio to assume the title King Othon the First of Greece * February 16 – The United States Supreme Court hands down its landmark decision of Barron v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore. April–June * April 1 – General Antonio LĂłpez de Santa Anna is elected President of Mexico by the legislatures of 16 of the 18 Mexican states. During his frequent absences from office to fight on the battlefield, Santa Anna turns the duties of government over to his vice president, ValentĂn GĂłmez FarĂas. * April 18 – Over 300 delegates from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland travel to the office of the Prime Minister, the Earl Grey, to call for the immediate abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire. * May 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scholarship
A scholarship is a form of Student financial aid, financial aid awarded to students for further education. Generally, scholarships are awarded based on a set of criteria such as academic merit, Multiculturalism, diversity and inclusion, athletic skill, and financial need, research experience or specific professional experience. Scholarship criteria usually reflect the values and goals of the donor of the award. While scholarship recipients are not required to repay scholarships, the awards may require that the recipient continue to meet certain requirements during their period of support, such as maintaining a minimum grade point average or engaging in a certain activity (e.g., playing on a school sports team for athletic scholarship holders). Scholarships also range in generosity; some cover partial Tuition payments, tuition, while others offer a 'full-ride', covering all tuition, accommodation, housing and others. Historically, scholarships originated as acts of religious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special district (United States), special-purpose district. The English language, English word is derived from French language, French , which in turn derives from the Latin language, Latin , based on the word for social contract (), referring originally to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy). A municipality can be any political jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction, from a sovereign state s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
