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Çakırhüyük, Besni
Çakırhüyük (formerly known as ''Kaysun'' or Armenian language, Armenian: ''K'esun'') is a town (''belde'') and municipality in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,210 (2021). The settlements of Abımıstık, Boybeypınarı, Köprübaşı, Levzin and Yeşilova are attached to the town. Abımıstık and Levzin are populated by Kurds of the Reşwan (tribe), Reşwan tribe. History Antiquity In Roman times, the town was known as ''Kessos'' and was situated on the road that led from ''Germanicea'' (modern Marash) to Samosata. Early Medieval period The town was conquered by the invading Arabs in the seventh century. In the ninth and tenth centuries, the town of Kaysun was part of the Abbasid province of Al-Jazira (caliphal province), Al-Jazira. In the early ninth century, while Dionysius of Tel Mahre was the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, Syriac Orthodox patriarch and a certain Theodoros bishop of Kaysun, the famous monastery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Language
Armenian (endonym: , , ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family. It is the native language of the Armenians, Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian highlands, today Armenian is also widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Saint Mesrop Mashtots. The estimated number of Armenian speakers worldwide is between five and seven million. History Classification and origins Armenian is an independent branch of the Indo-European languages. It is of interest to linguists for its distinctive phonological changes within that family. Armenian exhibits Centum and satem languages, more satemization than centumization, although it is not classified as belonging to either of these subgroups. Some linguists tentatively conclude that Armenian, Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Ma'mun
Abū al-ʿAbbās Abd Allāh ibn Hārūn al-Maʾmūn (; 14 September 786 – 9 August 833), better known by his regnal name al-Ma'mun (), was the seventh Abbasid caliph, who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. His leadership was marked by the power and prosperity of the Abbasid Caliphate, al-Ma'mun promoted the Graeco-Arabic translation movement, the House of Wisdom, flowering of learning and the sciences in Baghdad, and the publishing of al-Khwarizmi's The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, book now known as "Algebra". Making him one of the most important caliphs in the Islamic Golden Age. He is also known as a proponent of the rational Islamic theology of Mu'tazilism. Al-Ma'mun succeeded his half-brother al-Amin after a Fourth Fitna, civil war, much of his reign was spent on peace campaigns. His strong support for Mu'tazilism led him to imprison a Sunni Islam, Sunni Imam, Ahmad ibn Hanbal in an event that became known as ''mihna.'' Al-Ma'mun's for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawdud
Mawdud ibn Ahmad (; died 2 October 1113) was a Muslim military leader who was atabeg of Mosul from 1109 to 1113. He organized several expeditions to reconquer lands from the Crusaders and defeated them at the Battle of al-Sannabra. Biography Mawdud was an officer of Muhammad I Tapar who sent him to reconquer Mosul from the rebel atabeg Jawali Saqawa. After his conquest of the city, Mehmed entrusted him with several military attempts to push back the Crusaders from the nearby Principality of Antioch and County of Edessa. The first attempt was launched in 1110; having joined forces with Ilghazi, the emir of Mardin, and of Sökmen el-Kutbî, emir of Ahlat, they began by besieging Edessa from April of that year, but Baldwin I of Jerusalem intervened, and forced Mawdud to retreat. The following year Mawdud marched against Edessa, but as the city walls had been quickly strengthened, he preferred to lay siege to the town of Turbessel, held by Joscelin I of Courtenay. When Ridwan o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1114 Marash Earthquake
The Marash earthquake occurred in the area of Marash during the early morning hours of November 29, 1114. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude between 7.4 and 7.7 and an epicenter location in modern-day Turkey. The mainshock was preceded by two destructive foreshocks in August and November that same year. At least 40,000 people were killed in the earthquake; a number contested by historians due to the small population in the area at the time. These earthquakes were associated with seismic activity on the East Anatolian Fault. Earthquake The magnitude was estimated at 7.4–7.7 and assigned a maximum EMS-92 intensity of IX. The calculated moment magnitude was similar to that of the 6 February 2023 earthquake which measured 7.8. The mainshock and its foreshocks were associated with seismic activity along the East Anatolian Fault. Two large foreshocks were documented on 10 August and 13 November the same year. The 10 August foreshock destroyed several costal and fortified c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Monastery
The Coptic White Monastery (), also The Monastery of Abba Shenouda () and The Athribian Monastery () is a Coptic Orthodox monastery named after Saint Shenoute. It is located near the Upper Egyptian cities of Tahta and Sohag, and about south-east of the Red Monastery. The name of the monastery is derived from the colour of the white limestone of its outside walls. The White Monastery is architecturally similar to the Red Monastery. The monastery had one of the largest Coptic libraries ever known with over 1,000 codices of which 10% survive. History Foundation The monastery was founded by Saint Pigol (), the maternal uncle of Shenoute, in 442here]. However, it only became renowned after Shenoute succeeded his uncle as abbot of the monastery. From 30 monks, the population of the White Monastery increased to 2,200 monks and 1800 nuns by Shenoute's death in 466. The monastery also increased in size during this time to 12,800 acres (51.8 km2), an area about 3000 times its or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerses IV The Gracious
Nerses IV the Gracious (; also Nerses Shnorhali, Nerses of Kla or Saint Nerses the Graceful; 1102 – 13 August 1173) was Catholicos of Armenia from 1166 to 1173. During his time as a bishop and, later, as Catholicos of All Armenians, Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian Church, Nerses worked to bring about reconciliation with the Eastern Orthodox Church and convened a council with emissaries selected by the List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine emperor himself to discuss how they might be able to reunite the two churches. The terms the emperor offered were, however, unacceptable to both Nerses and the Armenian Church, and the negotiations collapsed. Nerses is remembered as a Theology, theologian, poet, writer and hymn composer. He has been called "the François Fénelon, Fénelon of Armenia" for his efforts to draw the Armenian church out of isolation, and has been recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church, which holds his feast on August 13, and by the Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigor III Pahlavuni
Grigor III Pahlavuni (; also Catholicos Grigor III Pahlavuni or Gregory III of Cilicia) ( 1093–1166) was the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church from 1113 to 1166. Biography Election as Catholicos Grigor was consecrated as Catholicos around 1113/14 at the monastery of Karmir Vank in the vicinity of Kaysun where he had been brought by his maternal granduncle Grigor II. Grigor III held office as catholicos for a little more than fifty years, and his younger brother Nerses assisted him greatly during this time. Pahlavuni was able to maintain peace within the Cilician Kingdom and the catholicosate during a time of instability due to raids from foreign invaders. Reunification talks with the Catholic Church In November 1139 he participated together with his brother Nerses in the legatine council convened by the papal legate Alberic of Ostia in the cathedral of Antioch. After that, Grigor continued with Alberic on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Here he attended another s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monastery Of Karmir Vank
The Red Monastery of Kaysun (arm. Karmir Vank), also Monastery of Julian, was a Syriac Orthodox and later Armenian monastery in Kaysun (modern Çakırhüyük, Turkey). History Syriac period The Red Monastery (''Dairā Sumaqtā'') was first mentioned as a Syriac Orthodox monastery between 1014 and 1028. Several Syriac bishops such as Theodosios, metropolit of Damascus, or Yohannan, bishop of Kaysun, came from the monastery. Armenian period At the end of the eleventh century, the region had come under control of the Armenian Kogh Vasil, whose wife, together with a vassal of Kogh, Kurtig, seems to have evicted the Syriac monks and granted it to Armenian monks. The monastery later also became the burial place of Kogh Vasil and became associated with the dynastic identity of the ruling house. The monastery became with Ark'akaghin, Drazark and Skevra a famous center of ''manrousoumn'', the study of church songs, melodies and khaz notation. Both the later Catholicoi Grigor III Pahlav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confessor
In a number of Christian traditions, including Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism, a confessor is a priest who hears the confessions of penitents and pronounces absolution. History During the Diocletianic Persecution, a number of Christians had, under torture or threat thereof, weakened in their profession of the faith. When persecutions ceased under Constantine the Great, they wanted to be reunited with the church. It became the practice of the penitents to go to the Confessors, who had willingly suffered for the faith and survived, to plead their case and effect their restoration to communion. Over time, the word came to denote any priest who had been granted the authority to hear confessions. Historically, priests were sometimes tested by officers of the church called examiners, before being granted this authority. As spiritual advisor An individual may have a regular confessor, sometimes called a "spiritual advisor" or "spiritual fathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parsegh Of Cilicia
Basil of Ani or Basil Pahlavuni (Barsegh or Parsegh, , ; died 13 November 1113) was Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia from 1105 to 1113. He was a member of the Pahlavuni noble house and a nephew of Catholicos Gregory II. In 1070, Gregory II made him bishop of Ani with the responsibilities of a vicar of the catholicos. In 1081, with Gregory's agreement, Catholicos Stepanos of Albania officially consecrated Basil as coadjutor of the Catholicos of Armenia at Haghpat Monastery. At this time, the Armenian Church was effectively divided between four leaders: Gregory II, Theodorus in Honi, Basil in Ani and Paul in Marash. In 1090, Basil visited the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I Malik-Shah I (, ) was the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached the zenith of its power and influence. During his youth, he spent his time participating in the campaigns of his father Alp Arslan, ..., who eased the Armenians' tax burden and recognized the supremacy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory II The Martyrophile
Gregory II the Martyrophile () was the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1065 and 1105. Life Origin Gregory was born under the name Vahram as the son of Grigor Magistros, a member of the princely Pahlavuni family and Doux of Edessa as well as a scholar. Vahram had been engaged in literary pursuits from a young age and held his father's post for some time after the latter's death in 1059. According to Matthew of Edessa, Vahram was married and a "well-disciplined man, virtuous, versed in rhetorical skills and in God's Old and New Testament". Election as Catholicos On the death of Catholicos Khachig II, the Byzantines had hoped to leave Armenia without a catholicos for good, part of an effort to subdue them as a people and assimilate them into the Greek rite. However, Mary, the daughter of King Gagik-Abas of Kars was a favorite of Byzantine empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa and obtained through her influence the permission to fill the empty seat. A meeting of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Catholicos
The Catholicos of All Armenians () is the chief bishop and spiritual leader of Armenia's national church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, and the worldwide Armenian diaspora. The Armenian Catholicos (plural Catholicoi) is also known as the Armenian Pontiff (Վեհափառ, ''Vehapar'' or Վեհափառ Հայրապետ, ''Vehapar Hayrapet'') and by #Other names, other titles. According to tradition, the apostles Jude the Apostle, Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew the Apostle, Saint Bartholomew brought Christianity to Armenia in the first century. Gregory the Illuminator, Saint Gregory the Illuminator became the first Catholicos of All Armenians following the nation's adoption of Christianity as its state religion in 301 AD. The seat of the Catholicos, and the spiritual and administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church, is the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, located in the city of Vagharshapat. The Armenian Apostolic Church is part of the Oriental Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodox Koin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
