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Ädiz Clan
, region=, founder=, dissolution=848, other_families= Yaglakar clan The Ädiz clan was the second imperial clan of the Uyghur Khaganate. Tribe The Ädiz clan was originally a member of the Tiele Confederation and not a Uyghur subtribe; Chinese sources listed Ädiz (阿跌 Ädiē) as the 14th of, at least, 15 named Tiele tribes. They were living on shores of Syr Darya during the 7th century. They later migrated to near Baikal lake, and became part of Xueyantuo during the reign of Zhenzhu Khan. After their submission to the Tang dynasty, they were appointed to Jitian Prefecture (雞田州) — one of the prefectures that the Tang dynasty established for the settlement of Tiele tribes that submitted to the Tang during the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Hequ (河曲, i.e., the Ordos Desert region). Their chieftain Ädie Liangchen (阿跌良臣, literally: "Good Minister from the Ädiz") and his tribal army were part of the army of Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaglakar Clan
The Yaglakar clan was the first imperial clan of the Uyghur Khaganate. Descendants of the Yaglakar clan would later establish the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom. Origin The clan was named after a mythical founder Yaglakar Khan or Buk Khan (卜可汗). Initially a part of Tiele Confederation, they carried the hereditary title ''elteber'' later as subjects of the Tang dynasty. The first known member of the clan was Tegin Irkin (特健俟斤 *''dək̚-ɡɨɐnH ʒɨX-kɨn'' > ''Tèjiàn Sìjīn''). Chiefs of the clan Khagans By the death of Yaoluoge Achuo in 795, the main line of the Yaglakar clan ceased to exist. However, successive khagans adopted the Yaglakar surname for prestige. The rest of the clan members were exiled to the Tang capital Chang'an. An epitaph was recently found in 2010 in Xi'an which belonged to one of the Yaglakar princes, Prince Gechuai (葛啜王子), younger brother of Yaoluoge Dunmohe who died of cold fever on 11 June 795 and was buried on 28 June 795. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinchuan
Yinchuan is the capital of the Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, and was the capital of the Tangut people, Tangut-led Western Xia, Western Xia dynasty. It has an area of and a total population of 2,859,074 according to the 2020 Chinese census, and its built-up area was home to 2,564,918 inhabitants spread between three urban districts and Helan and Yongning counties largely being urbanized. The city's name literally means "silver river". Yinchuan is now the permanent site for the China-Arab Expo, a platform for cultural and economic exchanges between China and Arab world, Arab countries. The city is also home to Ningxia University, the largest regional comprehensive university under Ningxia's Project 211. History The area that is now Yinchuan was home to Shuidonggou, China's earliest paleolithic site. It dates from over 30,000 years ago, Later in History of China#Prehistory, Chinese prehistory, Rock Paintings of Helan Mountains, rock art was created in the Hela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wujie Qaghan
Üge Qaghan (烏介可汗) was the twelfth ruler of Uyghurs. His Uyghur name was probably Üge (). Life He was a younger brother of Zhaoli Qaghan and an uncle of Zhangxin Qaghan.'' Tang Huiyao''vol 98/ref> He claimed the qaghanal title after the Yenisei Kyrgyz invasion in 841, with the support of 13 tribes. One of his first acts was to ambush the Kyrgyz escort who was guarding Princess Taihe. After capture, he had her write to Emperor Wuzong, requesting for Emperor Wuzong to recognize him as the new qaghan. He also asked for the emperor to lend him the border city of Zhenwu (振武, in modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia), in order to allow him to plan the rebuilding of the Uighur Khaganate. Emperor Wuzong responded with an edict that instructed the qaghan to remain outside Tang borders. He also requested Princess Taihe to personally return to Chang'an to report on the Uighurs' status.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 246. Among his requests, he demanded security for Manichean temples in Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qasar Qaghan
Qasar Qaghan () was the twelfth qaghan of Uyghurs. Reign According to Japanese researcher Haneda Toru ( 羽田亨) he was the same person as Uyghur general Jueluowu (掘羅勿) who rebelled against Zhangxin Qaghan. However, according to Michael Drompp, Qasar was a puppet ruler who was raised to the throne by Jueluowu. In any case his reign was very brief. Against usurpation, Uyghur general Külüg Bagha ({{Lang-zh, c=句禄莫和, s=, t=, p=Jùlù Mòhé) fled to Yenisei Kyrgyz and appealed for help. Apart from war, there was a major plague and major snow storm, causing great deaths of the Uyghur livestock and leading to its sudden decline of the state. Using opportunity, Külüg Bagha and 100000 Kyrgyz forces invaded Ordu-Baliq and burned the city. Qasar and Jueluowu were killed by a Kyrgyz leader titled Ā-rè (阿熱; Middle Chinese: /ʔɑ-ȵiᴇt̚/ < *''Änäl'', phonetic variant of |
Zhangxin Qaghan
Zhangxin Qaghan () or Alp Külüg Bilge Qaghan was the eleventh ruler of Uyghurs. His personal name was Yaoluoge Hu (藥羅葛胡). He succeeded his uncle in 833. Reign Chinese records state that he sent an embassy led by Princess Taihe to Tang, accompanied with seven women horse-archers and two Shatuo captives on 16 June 835. His peace policy with China proved him an unpopular ruler. This led to a rebellion in 839 by the Sogdian official An Yunhe (安允合) and Uyghur minister Chai Lei (柴勒). Qaghan was able to defeat and kill them, but a subsequent battle against another Uyghur official, general Jueluowu (掘羅勿) along with the Shatuo The Shatuo, or the Shatuo Turks (; also transcribed as Sha-t'o, Sanskrit SartZuev Yu.A., ''"Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8-10th centuries)"'', Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I ... chief Zhuye Chixin was lost. Zhangxin died by suicide following the battle.{{Cite book, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhaoli Qaghan
Zhaoli Qaghan (昭禮可汗) was tenth ruler of Uyghurs. His personal name was recorded as Yaoluoge Hesa (藥羅葛曷薩) in Chinese sources. His Uyghur name could be Qasar or Xazar. Background He was a younger brother of Chongde and a son of Baoyi Qaghan. He was a ''tegin'' during his brother's and father's reign and styled as Hesa Teqin (曷薩特勤). He succeeded his brother in 824. Reign Upon his enthronement, he received 12 chariots as gift and 500,000 pieces of silk as a trade for horses from Emperor Wenzong of Tang. He received additional tribute of 200,000 pieces of silk in 827. Another tribute was recorded in 829. He was murdered in early 833 by his ministers, who made his nephew Hu Tegin, to succeed him as Zhangxin Qaghan. Mourning ceremony in Chang'an Chang'an (; zh, t=長安, s=长安, p=Cháng'ān, first=t) is the traditional name of the city now named Xi'an and was the capital of several Chinese dynasties, ranging from 202 BCE to 907 CE. The site has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chongde Qaghan
Chongde Qaghan or Küçlüg Bilge Qaghan was the ninth ruler of Uyghurs. His personal name is not known, therefore he is often referred as his Tang dynasty invested title Chongde ( Chinese: 崇德可汗; literally: 'Honoring virtue') which was invested on 26 May 821. Reign Upon his accession, he sent a delegation including a number of officials and two Uyghur princesses, along with a bride price of horses and camels to Muzong in order to seek a Tang Princess. Muzong agreed and sent Princess Taihe with a grand delegation. She was escorted by the general Hu Zheng (胡証), assisted by the other officials Li Xian (李憲) and Yin You (殷侑). They did not arrive at Uyghur capital until 822. Princess Taihe was later created Renxiao Duanli Mingzhi Shangshou Khatun (人小椴黎明之上首可敦) by Muzong. He was visited by Muslim traveller Tamim ibn Bahr after his marriage. According to Tamim's notes, he had a personal army of 12000 with 17 subordinates each having 13000 soldiers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baoyi Qaghan
Baoyi Qaghan, or Alp Bilge Qaghan, was the eighth ruler of Uyghurs. His personal name is not known; therefore, he is often referred to by his Tang dynasty invested title, Baoyi (), which was invested on 22 June 808. Reign He was known as a zealous Manichean ruler and militarily active ruler. He demanded a Chinese princess from Xianzong of Tang by sending his minister Inanchu Külüg Chigshi on 24 June 810, but the request was refused. Xianzong's reason was the expenses involved. Xianzong asked Manichean priests to pursue Baoyi and drop the request. Baoyi used this opportunity to occupy Tiquan (鵜泉) in April 813. Xianzong's minister of rites, Li Jiang, suspected that Baoyi would make peace with the Tibetan Empire in order to invade China. He suggested that Baoyi's proposal to marry a Tang princess should be accepted to further affirm the alliance between Tang and Uyghurs. His suggestion, however, was not accepted. His request was only realized when he sent Ulu Tarkhan (Hed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutluq II
Alp Qutluq Külüg Bilge Qaghan — seventh khagan of the Uyghur Khaganate and the first one from the Ädiz clan. His Tang invested title was Huaixin Qaghan (). Life He was born in the Ädiz clan, was orphaned early in childhood and adopted by the Yaglakar clan. He quickly rose in the ranks thanks to his strategic thinking and rhetorical skill. He was appointed Grand Chancellor (''İl Ögesi'' in Old Uyghur) with the title Inanchu Bilge around 782. He was the who met Chinese embassy bringing Tun Baga Tarkhan's uncle's body back. He was also present as the head of delegation to Chang'an in marriage ceremony for qaghan and Princess Xian'an (咸安公主) in 788. He commanded the Uyghur army against Tibetans who were aided by Karluk Yabgu State ruler Alp Burguchan who united Chigils, Bulaqs and Shatuo, near Beshbaliq in 790. As the result Yang Xigu (楊襲古) Commander of Beiting Protectorate committed suicide. Although Chinese sources states that it was Inanchu who killed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chang'an
Chang'an (; zh, t=長安, s=长安, p=Cháng'ān, first=t) is the traditional name of the city now named Xi'an and was the capital of several Chinese dynasties, ranging from 202 BCE to 907 CE. The site has been inhabited since Neolithic times, during which the Yangshao culture was established in Banpo, in what is now the city's suburbs. Furthermore, in the northern vicinity of modern Xi'an, Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty, China's first emperor, held his imperial court and constructed his massive mausoleum guarded by the Terracotta Army. From its capital at Xianyang, the Qin dynasty ruled a larger area than either of the preceding dynasties. The imperial city of Chang'an during the Han dynasty was located northwest of today's Xi'an. During the Tang dynasty, the area that came to be known as Chang'an included the area inside the Ming Xi'an fortification, plus some small areas to its east and west, and a substantial part of its southern suburbs. Thus, Tang Chang'an was eight t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutluq Bilge Qaghan
Qutluq Bilge Qaghan (died 795 CE) was the sixth khagan of the Uyghur Khaganate and the last one from the Yaglakar clan. His Tang invested title was Fengcheng Qaghan (). Life He was born in 776 according to Zizhi Tongjian, while Cefu Yuangui, New Book of Tang and Old Book of Tang suggests he was born in 774–775. According to Colin Mackerras, these numbers merely meant that he was a minor.{{Cite book , title=The Uighur Empire according to the T'ang Dynastic Histories. A study in Sino-Uighur relations 744-840 , last=Mackerras , first=Colin , date=1972, publisher=Australian National University Press, isbn=0708104576, edition=2nd , location=Canberra, oclc=624702 He was put under regency of Grand Chancellor Inanchu Bilge (頡千逝斯) of Xiedie (𨁂跌) clan. Reign During his reign, the Uyghurs formed an alliance with Tang China against the Tibetans and Karluks who were struggling for supremacy in the Tarim Basin The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in Xinjiang, Northwest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kül Tigin
Kul Tigin ( zh, 闕 特 勤, Pinyin: Quètèqín, Wade–Giles: chüeh-t'e-ch'in, AD 684–731) was a general and a prince of the Second Turkic Khaganate. Etymology Necip Asım (1921) initially gave his name as ''köl'', based on the etymology of Mahmud al-Kashgari, meaning "lake, sea". Radloff rendered this word as ''kül'', and Thomsen (1896), Malov (1951) and Tekin (1968) adopted this reading. Bazin (1956) and Hamilton (1962) rejected Radloff's reading and preferred the form ''köl''. However, Chinese sources used the Chinese character 闕 (''què''). Therefore, this word should be read as ''kül'', not ''köl''. Early years He was a second son of Ilterish Qaghan, the Second Turkic Khaganate's founder, and the younger brother of Bilge Kaghan, the fourth kaghan. He was seven when his father died. During the reign of Qapagan Khaghan, Kul Tigin and his older brother earned reputation for their military prowess. They defeated Yenisei Kirghiz, Turgesh, and the Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
