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Águas Livres Aqueduct
The Águas Livres Aqueduct (, , "Aqueduct of the Free Waters") is a historic aqueduct in the city of Lisbon, Portugal. It is one of the most remarkable examples of 18th-century Portuguese engineering. The main course of the aqueduct covers 18 km, but the whole network of canals reaches nearly 58 km. Lisbon had always suffered from a lack of drinking water. Thus, King John V decided to build an aqueduct to bring water from sources in the parish of Caneças, in the modern municipality of Odivelas. The project was paid for by a sales tax on beef, olive oil, wine, and other products. History Background Water was in scarce supply even for Lisbon's earliest inhabitants. The Tagus estuary bordering their settlement was too brackish to be potable due to tidal influx of seawater. The only area with reliable spring water was the Alfama neighborhood. With the growth of the city outside of its medieval walls, pressures on its water supply grew. The idea of using water from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walls Of Lisbon
The walls of Lisbon are a series of three nested defensive stone-wall complexes built at different times to defend Lisbon. They consist of the São Jorge Castle proper and its walls (the ''Cidadela'' or Citadel) the ''Cerca Moura'' (or ''Cerca Velha'') (lit. the Moorish Walls), its lateral extension the ''Muralha de D. Dinis'' ( King Denis's wall), and the ''Cerca Fernandina'' (Ferdinand's wall). If it was remade into a 1 m high wall, the masonry in the ''Cerca Fernandina'' would stretch from Lisbon to Porto, approximately. While the castle walls are essentially intact, the remaining walls are only visible in fragments embedded in buildings and open spaces in contemporary Lisbon. History Cidadela The first fortifications comprising the castle date from the 1st century BC. Walls that included the castle site were possibly built around the Roman municipality of Lisbon when it was established in 48 BC. Following the Roman era, the Suebi and the Visigoths also used the ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baroque
The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s. It followed Renaissance art and Mannerism and preceded the Rococo (in the past often referred to as "late Baroque") and Neoclassicism, Neoclassical styles. It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art, and music, though Lutheran art#Baroque period, Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well. The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep color, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. The style began at the start of the 17th century in Rome, then spread rapidly to the rest of Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal, then to Austria, southern Germany, Poland and Russia. By the 1730s, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gothic Architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High Middle Ages, High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. It originated in the Île-de-France and Picardy regions of northern France. The style at the time was sometimes known as ''opus Francigenum'' (); the term ''Gothic'' was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the Classical architecture, architecture of classical antiquity. The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the Pointed arch (architecture), pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows. At the Abbey of Basilica of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Da Silva Pais
José da Silva Pais (25 October 1679 – 14 November 1760) was a Portuguese soldier, military engineer and colonial administrator in the Portuguese colony of Brazil. He was involved in diverse situations in the disputed territories between the Portuguese and Spanish in the territory that today is the South region in Brazil. He organized the support for the Sacramento Colony during the Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737), and went head-to-head with his Spanish rival, Don Pedro de Ceballos Cortez y Calderón. For the purpose of maintaining the southern territory in the hands of Portugal, Pais founded the city of Rio Grande The Rio Grande ( or ) in the United States or the Río Bravo (del Norte) in Mexico (), also known as Tó Ba'áadi in Navajo language, Navajo, is one of the principal rivers (along with the Colorado River) in the Southwestern United States a ... in 1737 and projected and built the Fort ''Jesus Maria e José''. That area was the object of the Spanis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Da Maia
Manuel da Maia (5 August 1677, baptised – 17 September 1768) was a Portuguese architect, engineer, and archivist. Maia is primarily remembered for his leadership in the reconstruction efforts following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, alongside Eugénio dos Santos and Carlos Mardel. Career Maia served as Regent of the ''Aula de Fortificação'', a Lisbon academy for military engineering and architecture. Here he taught King José I of Portugal, when he was Prince of Brazil. During his tenure as regent, he also oversaw fortification works throughout the Estremadura province, from 1703 to 1704. On 12 November 1745, Maia was appointed High-Guardian of the Torre do Tombo, Portugal’s central archive, library, and precious works repository. In 1747, Maia participated in the construction of the new building for the Queen Leonor of Viseu Thermal Hospital, in Caldas da Rainha, executing plans made by Eugénio dos Santos. Owing to his successful career by then, Maia was made High-Enginee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Canevari
Antonio Canevari (Rome, 1681– Naples, 1764) was an Italian architect of the Rococo and Neoclassical periods. He trained with a poorly known architect by the name of Antonio Caleri, and began early work in Rome. Moved to Lisbon in 1725, and then to Naples, Italy. In Rome, as a young 22-year-old he won a design competition of the Accademia di San Luca. He helped design the '' Chiesa delle Stimmate'', and reconstruct the church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo. He provided some designs (not used) for restructuring San Giovanni Laterano and competed with Juvarra, Michetti, and others for refurbishing the sacristy of St Peter's Basilica. In Portugal, he helped build the Aqueduto das Águas Livres, an important aqueduct supplying the city of Lisbon; much of his work was destroyed by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, his other works there included the towers of the University of Coimbra and of the Royal Palace. In Naples, he worked on the Royal Palace of Capodimonte, the Royal Palace of Portic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architecture Of Italy
Italy has a very broad and diverse architectural style, which cannot be simply classified by period or region, due to Italy's division into various small states until 1861. This has created a highly diverse and eclectic range in architectural designs. Italy is known for its considerable architectural achievements, such as the construction of aqueducts, temples and similar structures during ancient Rome, the founding of the Renaissance architectural movement in the late-14th to 16th century, and being the homeland of Palladianism, a style of construction which inspired movements such as that of Neoclassical architecture, and influenced the designs which noblemen built their country houses all over the world, notably in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America during the late-17th to early 20th centuries. Several of the finest works in Western architecture, such as the Colosseum, the Duomo of Milan, the Mole Antonelliana in Turin, Florence cathedral and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcântara, Lisbon
Alcântara () is a ''freguesia'' (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in western Lisbon, Alcântara is to the east of Ajuda and Belém (Lisbon), Belém and west of Estrela (Lisbon), Estrela and Campo de Ourique. Alcântara had a population in 2011 of 13,943.Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal History Primitive utensils from the Paleolithic era have been discovered on the margins of the Alcântara ravine, and signs in the hilly part of the neighborhood, in the areas of Alvito, Lisbon, Alvito and Tapada da Ajuda, indicate a level of occupation in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. Around 1300, Bronze Age farmers and sheph ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip III Of Spain
Philip III (; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain and King of Portugal, Portugal (where he is known as Philip II of Portugal) during the Iberian Union. His reign lasted from 1598 until his death in 1621. He held dominion over the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and the Duchy of Milan during the same period. A member of the House of Habsburg, Philip III was born in Madrid to King Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife, Anna of Austria (1549–1580), Anna of Austria. The family was heavily Inbreeding, inbred; Philip II and Anna were related both as uncle and niece, as well as cousins. Philip III married his cousin Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain, Margaret of Austria, the sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Although known in Spain as Philip the Pious, his political reputation internationally has generally been negative. Historians C. V. Wedgwood, R. Stradling and J. H. Elliott have described him, respectively, as an "undistinguished and insi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastian, King Of Portugal
Sebastian ( ; 20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578) was King of Portugal from 11 June 1557 to 4 August 1578 and the penultimate Portuguese monarch of the House of Aviz. He was the son of João Manuel, Prince of Portugal, and his wife, Joanna of Austria. He was the grandson of King John III of Portugal and Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal. He disappeared (presumably killed in action) in the battle of Alcácer Quibir, against the Saadi Sultanate of Morocco. Sebastian I is often referred to as ''the Desired'' () or ''the Hidden'' (), as the Portuguese people longed for his return to end the decline of Portugal that began after his death. He is considered to be the Portuguese example of the King asleep in mountain legend as Portuguese tradition states his return, in a foggy dawn, in Portugal's greatest hour of need. Early life Sebastian was born shortly after eight in the morning of 20 January 1554 (the feast of Saint Sebastian), and he was given the saint's name in commemora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
