|
.45 ACP
The .45 ACP ( Automatic Colt Pistol), also known as .45 Auto, .45 Automatic, or 11.43×23mm is a rimless straight-walled handgun cartridge designed by John Moses Browning in 1904, for use in his prototype Colt semi-automatic pistol. After successful military trials, it was adopted as the standard chambering for Colt's M1911 pistol. The round was developed due to a lack of stopping power experienced in the Moro Rebellion in places like Sulu. The issued ammunition, .38 Long Colt, had proved inadequate, motivating the search for a better cartridge. This experience and the Thompson–LaGarde Tests of 1904 led the Army and the Cavalry to decide that a minimum of .45 caliber was required in a new handgun cartridge. The standard-issue military .45 ACP cartridge uses a round-nose bullet at approximately fired from a government-issue M1911A1 pistol. It operates at a relatively low maximum chamber pressure rating of , compared to for both 9mm Parabellum and .40 S&W, which due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Full Metal Jacket (ammunition)
A full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet is a small-arms projectile consisting of a soft core (often lead) encased in an outer shell ("jacket") of harder metal, such as gilding metal, cupronickel, or, less commonly, a steel alloy. A bullet jacket usually allows higher muzzle velocities than bare lead without depositing significant amounts of metal in the bore. It also prevents damage to bores from hard steel or armor-piercing Armour-piercing ammunition (AP) is a type of projectile designed to penetrate armour protection, most often including naval armour, body armour, and vehicle armour. The first, major application of armour-piercing projectiles was to defeat the ... core materials. History Despite a widespread belief that the full metal jacket bullet was invented ca. 1882 by Swiss Colonel Eduard Rubin while he was working for the Swiss Federal Ammunition Factory and Research Center, in fact it was known already in the 1880s that the actual inventor was Prussian Major (la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stopping Power
Stopping power is the supposed ability of a weapon – typically a ranged weapon such as a firearm – to cause a target (human or animal) to be incapacitated or immobilized. Stopping power contrasts with lethality in that it pertains only to a weapon's ability to make the target cease action, regardless of whether or not death ultimately occurs. Which ammunition cartridge (firearms), cartridges have the greatest stopping power is a much-debated topic. Stopping power is related to the physical properties and terminal ballistics, terminal behavior of the projectile (bullet, shot (pellet), shot, or shotgun slug, slug), the biology of the target, and the wound location, but the issue is complicated and not easily studied. Although higher-caliber ammunitions usually have greater muzzle energy and momentum and thus traditionally been widely associated with higher stopping power, the physics involved are multifactorial, with caliber, muzzle velocity, bullet mass, bullet shape and bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
45 ACP U
45 may refer to: * 45 (number) * one of the years 45 BC, AD 45, 1945, 2045 Film * ''45'' (2009 film), directed by Peter Coster * 45 (upcoming film), an upcoming Kannada-language action fantasy film * ''.45'' (film), directed by Gary Lennon (2006) Music * ''45'' (Jaguares album), 2008 * ''45'' (Kino album), 1982 * "45" (Bon Iver song), 2016 * "45" (The Gaslight Anthem song), 2012 * "45" (Shinedown song), 2003 * "45" (Elvis Costello song), 2002 *The group Stars on 45 and its self-titled 1981 song, " Stars on 45" *"Forty Five", a song by Karma to Burn from the album ''Appalachian Incantation'', 2010 * 45 rpm record or 45, a common form of vinyl single In science *The atomic number of rhodium Astronomy *Messier object M45, a magnitude 1.4 open cluster in the constellation Taurus, also known as the Pleiades *The New General Catalogue object NGC 45, a magnitude 10.6 spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus Other uses *Donald Trump, the 45th and 47th President of the United State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonic Boom
A sonic boom is a sound associated with shock waves created when an object travels through the air faster than the speed of sound. Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, sounding similar to an explosion or a thunderclap to the human ear. The crack of a supersonic bullet passing overhead or the crack of a bullwhip are examples of a small sonic boom. Sonic booms due to large supersonic aircraft can be particularly loud and startling, tend to awaken people, and may cause minor damage to some structures. This led to the prohibition of routine supersonic flight overland. Although sonic booms cannot be completely prevented, research suggests that with careful shaping of the vehicle, the nuisance due to sonic booms may be reduced to the point that overland supersonic flight may become a feasible option. A sonic boom does not occur only at the moment an object crosses the sound barrier and neither is it heard in all directions emanating from the supersonic objec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silencer (firearms)
A silencer, also known as a sound suppressor, suppressor, or sound moderator, is a gun barrel#Muzzle, muzzle device that suppresses the muzzle blast, blast created when a gun (firearm or airgun) is discharged, thereby reducing the sound intensity, acoustic intensity of the muzzle report (sound of a gunshot) and muzzle rise, jump, by modulating the speed and pressure of the propellant gas released from the muzzle. Like other muzzle devices, a silencer can be a detachable accessory mounted to the muzzle or an integral part of the gun barrel, barrel. A typical silencer is a metallic (usually stainless steel or titanium) cylinder (firearms), cylinder containing numerous internal sound baffles, with a hollow bore to allow the bullet to exit normally. During firing, the bullet passes through the bore with little hindrance, but most of the expanding gas ejecta behind it is redirected through a longer and convoluted escape path created by the baffles, prolonging the release time. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submachine Gun
A submachine gun (SMG) is a magazine (firearms), magazine-fed automatic firearm, automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "wikt:sub-, sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns. The submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a Close-quarters battle, close quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for shock troops, assault troops and auxiliaries whose military doctrine, doctrines emphasized close-quarters combat, close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War,Military Small Arms Of The 20th Century. Ian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handgun
A handgun is a firearm designed to be usable with only one hand. It is distinguished from a long gun, long barreled gun (i.e., carbine, rifle, shotgun, submachine gun, or machine gun) which typically is intended to be held by both hands and braced against the shoulder. Handguns have shorter effective ranges compared to long guns, and are much harder to shoot accurately. While most early handguns are single-shot pistols, the two most common types of handguns used in modern times are revolvers and semi-automatic pistols. Before commercial mass production, handguns were often considered a badge of office — comparable to a ceremonial weapon, ceremonial sword – as they had limited utility and were more expensive than the long barreled guns of the era. In 1836, Samuel Colt patented the Colt Paterson, the first practical mass-produced revolver, which was capable of firing five shots repeating firearm, in rapid succession and quickly became a popular personal weapon, giving rise to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolt Thrust
Bolt thrust or breech pressure is a term used in internal ballistics and firearms (whether small arms or artillery) that describes the amount of rearward force exerted by the propellant gases on the Bolt (firearms), bolt or Breechblock, breech of a firearm action or Breech-loading weapon, breech when a projectile is fired. The applied force has both Euclidean vector#Length, magnitude and Direction (geometry, geography), direction, making it a Vector (geometric), vector quantity. Bolt thrust is an important factor in weapons design. The greater the bolt thrust, the stronger the locking mechanism has to be to withstand it. Assuming equal engineering solutions and material, adding strength to a locking mechanism causes an increase in weight and size of locking mechanism components. Bolt thrust is not a measure to determine the amount of recoil or free recoil. Calculating bolt thrust With a basic calculation the bolt thrust produced by a particular firearms cartridge can be calculated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
40 S&W
The .40 S&W (10.2×22mm) is a Rim (firearms), rimless pistol Cartridge (firearms), cartridge developed jointly by American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and U.S. Repeating Arms Company, Winchester in 1990. The .40 S&W was developed as a law enforcement cartridge designed to duplicate performance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) reduced-velocity 10mm Auto cartridge which could be retrofitted into medium-frame (9 mm size) semi-automatic handguns. It uses bullets ranging in weight from .''Hornady Handbook of Cartridge Reloading'', Fourth Edition (1991), pp. 593–595 History In the aftermath of the 1986 FBI Miami shootout, in which two FBI special agents were killed and five wounded, the FBI started the process of testing 9×19mm Parabellum and .45 ACP ammunition in preparation to replace its standard-issue revolver with a semi-automatic pistol. The semi-automatic pistol offered two advantages over the revolver: increased ammunition capacity and increased e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9×19mm Parabellum
The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a Rim (firearms)#Rimless, rimless, Centerfire ammunition, centerfire, tapered cartridge (firearms), firearms cartridge. Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive availability. Since the cartridge was designed for the Luger pistol, Luger semi-automatic pistol, it has been given the designation of ''9mm Luger'' by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) and the (CIP). A 2007 US survey concluded that "about 60 percent of the firearms in use by police are 9mm [Parabellum]" and credited 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers.Adler, Jerry, et al. (30 April 2007)"Story of a Gun"(). ''Newsweek'' 149.18: 36–39. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Dallas Public Library, Dallas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Pressure
Within firearms, chamber pressure is the pressure exerted by a cartridge case's outside walls on the inside of a firearm's chamber when the cartridge is fired. The SI unit for chamber pressure is the megapascal (MPa), while the American SAAMI uses the pound per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) and the European CIP uses bar (1 bar is equal to 0.1 MPa). Regardless of pressure unit used, the measuring procedure varies between CIP method, SAAMI method, and NATO EPVAT. The chamber pressures are measured to different standards thus can not be directly compared. Chamber pressures have also historically been recorded in copper units of pressure (which for example can be denoted psi CUP, bar CUP, or MPa CUP) or lead units of pressure (LUP). Overview When the firing pin in a firearm strikes the primer, it ignites the powder inside the case, igniting the powder causing obturation that generates a large amount of pressure, often exceeding 50,000 PSI (344.7 MPa). This pressure in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thompson–LaGarde Tests
The Thompson–LaGarde Tests were a series of tests conducted in 1904 to determine which caliber should be used in American military handguns. History The Army had previously been using the .38 Long Colt, and the cartridge's relatively poor ballistics were highlighted during the Philippine–American War of 1899–1902, when reports from U.S. Army officers were received regarding the .38 bullet's inability to stop charges of frenzied Moro '' juramentados'' in the Moro Rebellion, even at extremely close ranges. A typical instance occurred in 1905 and was later recounted by Col. Louis A. LaGarde: Antonio Caspi, a prisoner on the island of Samar, P.I. attempted escape on Oct. 26, 1905. He was shot four times at close range in a hand-to-hand encounter by a .38 Colt's revolver loaded with U.S. Army regulation ammunition. He was finally stunned by a blow on the forehead from the butt end of a Springfield carbine. Col. LaGarde noted Caspi's wounds were fairly well-placed: three bullets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
