!! (other)
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!! (other)
‼ (a double exclamation mark, Unicode character U+203C) may refer to: * !! (chess), a brilliant move in chess annotation * Double factorial, an operator in mathematics * Retroflex click, a family of click consonants found only in Juu and Namibian languages, and in the Damin ritual jargon * Double-negation translation, !!''p'' = ''p''. See also * ! (other) * !!! (other) !!! is a dance-punk band formed in 1996. !!! may also refer to: * ''!!!'' (album), the debut album by the band !!! * A tour cassette produced by the band !!! * Exclamation mark The exclamation mark (also known as exclamation point in Amer ...
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Exclamation Mark
The exclamation mark (also known as exclamation point in American English) is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or to show wikt:emphasis, emphasis. The exclamation mark often marks the end of a sentence, for example: "Watch out!". Similarly, a bare exclamation mark (with nothing before or after) is frequently used in warning signs. Additionally, the exclamation mark is commonly used in writing to make a character seem as though they are shouting, excited, or surprised. Other uses include: * In mathematics, it denotes the factorial operation. * Several computer languages use at the beginning of an expression (computer science), expression to denote logical negation. For example, means "the logical negation of A", also called "not A". This usage has spread to ordinary language (e.g., "!clue" means no-clue or clueless). * Some languages use ǃ, a symbol that looks like an exclamation mark, to denote a click consonant. ...
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General Punctuation (Unicode Block)
General Punctuation is a Unicode block containing punctuation, spacing (typography) (other), spacing, and formatting characters for use with all scripts and writing systems. Included are the defined-width Space (punctuation), spaces, joining formats, directional formats, smart quotes, archaic and novel punctuation such as the interrobang, and invisible mathematical operators. Additional punctuation characters are in the Supplemental Punctuation block and sprinkled in dozens of other Unicode blocks. Block Several characters in this block are usually not rendered with a directly visible glyph. Ten whitespace characters—U+2002 through U+200B (fixed ''en'' or ''1⁄2 em'', ''em'', ''1⁄3 em'', ''1⁄4 em'', ''1⁄6 em'', ''figure'' and ''punctuation space'', variable ''thin'' or ''1⁄5 em'' and ''hair space'', fixed ''zero-width space'')—and U+205F (''math medium'' or ''2⁄9 em space'') differ by horizontal width, while U+2000 and U+2001 (''en'' and ''em quad'') ar ...
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!! (chess)
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the ''Chess Informant'', have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers. The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation. Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason. Evaluation symbols Moves Move evaluation symbols, by decreasing severity or increasing effectiveness of the move: ?? (Blunder) The double question mark "??" indicates a blunder, a critically bad mistake. Typical moves that receive double question marks are those that ...
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Double Factorial
In mathematics, the double factorial of a number , denoted by , is the product of all the positive integers up to that have the same Parity (mathematics), parity (odd or even) as . That is, n!! = \prod_^ (n-2k) = n (n-2) (n-4) \cdots. Restated, this says that for even , the double factorial is n!! = \prod_^\frac (2k) = n(n-2)(n-4)\cdots 4\cdot 2 \,, while for odd it is n!! = \prod_^\frac (2k-1) = n(n-2)(n-4)\cdots 3\cdot 1 \,. For example, . The zero double factorial as an empty product. The sequence of double factorials for even = starts as The sequence of double factorials for odd = starts as The term odd factorial is sometimes used for the double factorial of an odd number. The term semifactorial is also used by Donald Knuth, Knuth as a synonym of double factorial. History and usage In a 1902 paper, the physicist Arthur Schuster wrote: states that the double factorial was originally introduced in order to simplify the expression of certain List of integrals of ...
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Retroflex Click
A retroflex () or cacuminal () consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. The Latin-derived word ''retroflex'' means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip ( subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip ( apical) or the tongue blade ( laminal). When apical, they have been called apico-domal consonants. Types Retroflex consonants, like other coronal consonants, come in several varieties, depending on the shape of the tongue. The tongue may be e ...
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Double-negation Translation
In proof theory, a discipline within mathematical logic, double-negation translation, sometimes called negative translation, is a general approach for embedding classical logic into intuitionistic logic. Typically it is done by translating formulas to formulas that are classically equivalent but intuitionistically inequivalent. Particular instances of double-negation translations include Glivenko's translation for propositional logic, and the Gödel–Gentzen translation and Kuroda's translation for first-order logic. Propositional logic The easiest double-negation translation to describe comes from Glivenko's theorem, proved by Valery Glivenko in 1929. It maps each classical formula φ to its double negation ¬¬φ. Glivenko's theorem states: :If φ is a propositional formula, then φ is a classical tautology if and only if ¬¬φ is an intuitionistic tautology. Glivenko's theorem implies the more general statement: :If ''T'' is a set of propositional formulas and φ a proposi ...
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! (other)
! is a punctuation mark, called an exclamation mark, exclamation point, ecphoneme, or bang. ! or exclamation point may also refer to: Mathematics and computers *Factorial, a mathematical function **Derangement, a related mathematical function *Negation, in logic and some programming languages *Uniqueness quantification, in mathematics and logic *!, a CONFIG.SYS directive in FreeDOS for unconditional execution of directives *A dereference operator in BCPL Music * ''!'' (The Dismemberment Plan album), released in 1995 * ''!'' (Donnie Vie album), released in 2016 * "!" (The Song Formerly Known As), a single on the 1997 album ''Unit'' by Regurgitator * ''Exclamation Mark'' (album), a 2011 album by Jay Chou *''Exclamation Point'', a 2010 LP by DA! * ''!'' (Trippie Redd album), released in 2019 ** ''!'' (Trippie Redd song), that album's title track * ''!'' (Cláudia Pascoal album), released in 2020 Other *ǃ, the IPA symbol for postalveolar click in speech *An indicator of ...
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