In chemistry and physics, volatility is quantified by the tendency of
a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a
substance's vapor pressure. At a given temperature, a substance with
higher vapor pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with a
lower vapor pressure.[1][2][3][4]
The term is primarily written to be applied to liquids; however, it
may be used to describe the process of sublimation which is associated
with solid substances, such as dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) and
osmium tetroxide (OsO4), which can change directly from the solid
state to a vapor, without becoming liquid.
A log-lin vapor pressure chart for various liquids
Contents
1 Relations between vapor pressure, temperature, and boiling point
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Relations between vapor pressure, temperature, and boiling point[edit]
Main article:
Vapor
Vapor pressure
The vapor pressure of a substance is the pressure at which its gas
phase is in equilibrium with its condensed phases (liquid or solid).
It is a measure of the tendency of molecules and atoms to escape from
a liquid or a solid. A liquid's atmospheric pressure boiling point
corresponds to the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to
the surrounding atmospheric pressure and it is often called the normal
boiling point.
The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature, the
higher the volatility and the lower the normal boiling point of the
liquid. The vapor pressure chart (right hand side) displays the vapor
pressures dependency for a variety of liquids as a function of
temperature.[5]
For example, at any given temperature, chloromethane (methyl chloride)
has the highest vapor pressure of any of the liquids in the chart. It
also has the lowest normal boiling point (−24.2 °C), which is
where the vapor pressure curve (the blue line) intersects the
horizontal pressure line of one atmosphere (atm) of absolute vapor
pressure.
See also[edit]
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
Distillation
Fractional distillation
Partial pressure
Raoult's law
Relative volatility
Vapor–liquid equilibrium
Volatile organic compound
References[edit]
^ Gases and
Vapor
Vapor (
University of Kentucky
University of Kentucky website)
^ Definition of Terms (
University of Victoria
University of Victoria website)
^ James G. Speight (2006). The
Chemistry
Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum
(4th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-9067-8.
^ Kister, Henry Z. (1992-02-01).
Distillation
Distillation Design (1st ed.).
McGraw-hill. ISBN 978-0-07-034909-4.
^ Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W. (Editors); Don W. Green; James O.
Maloney (1997). Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (7th ed.).
McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-049841-9. CS1 maint: Multiple
names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
External links[edit]
Volatility from ilpi.com
Definition of volatile from Wiktionary
v
t
e
States of matter (list)
State
Baryonic matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Gas / Vapor
Plasma
Low energy
Bose–Einstein condensate
Fermionic condensate
Degenerate matter
Quantum Hall
Rydberg matter
Rydberg polaron
Strange matter
Superfluid
Supersolid
Photonic matter
High energy
QCD matter
Lattice QCD
Quark–gluon plasma
Color-glass condensate
Supercritical fluid
Other states
Colloid
Glass
Crystal
Liquid
Liquid crystal
Time crystal
Quantum spin liquid
Exotic matter
Programmable matter
Dark matter
Antimatter
Magnetically ordered
Antiferromagnet
Ferrimagnet
Ferromagnet
String-net liquid
Superglass
Transitions
Boiling
Boiling
Boiling point
Condensation
Critical line
Critical point
Crystallization
Deposition
Evaporation
Flash evaporation
Freezing
Chemical ionization
Ionization
Lambda point
Melting
Melting
Melting point
Recombination
Regelation
Saturated fluid
Sublimation
Supercooling
Triple point
Vaporization
Vitrification
Quantities
Enthalpy of fusion
Enthalpy of sublimation
Enthalpy of vaporization
Latent heat
Latent internal energy
Trouton's ratio
Volatility
Concepts
Binodal
Compressed fluid
Cooling curve
Equation of state
Leidenfrost effect
Macroscopic quantum phenomena
Mpemba effect
Order and disorder (physics)
Spinodal
Superconductivity
Superheated vapor
Superheating
Thermo-diele
