Verkhovazhsky District
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Verkhovazhsky District (russian: Верхова́жский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1110-OZ district (
raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the twenty-six in
Vologda Oblast Vologda Oblast ( rus, Вологодская область, p=vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, r=Vologodskaya oblast, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The Oblast has a population of 1,202,44 ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It is located in the north of the
oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
and borders with
Velsky District Velsky District (russian: Ве́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Velsky Municipal District.Law #258-v ...
of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the northeast,
Tarnogsky District Tarnogsky District (russian: Та́рногский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1123-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and border ...
s in the east,
Totemsky District Totemsky District (russian: То́темский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1114-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with ...
in the south, Syamzhensky District in the southwest,
Vozhegodsky District Vozhegodsky District (russian: Вожего́дский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1111-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders ...
in the west, and with Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is . Its
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
(a '' selo'') of Verkhovazhye.Resolution #178 District's population: 16,346 ( 2002 Census); The population of Verkhovazhye accounts for 36.2% of the district's total population.


Geography

The area of the district is slightly elongated from west to east. It is crossed from south to north by the
Vaga River The Vaga (russian: Вага) is a river in Totemsky, Syamzhensky, and Verkhovazhsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Velsky, Shenkursky, and Vinogradovsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left and the biggest tributary of ...
(the name of the district's administrative center, Verkhovazhye, means literally "on the Upper Vaga") and its
tributaries A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainag ...
, the largest of which are the Kuloy in the east and the Pezhma in the west. Areas in the west and in the southwest of the district belong to the
basins Basin may refer to: Geography and geology * Depression (geology) ** Back-arc basin, a submarine feature associated with island arcs and subduction zones ** Debris basin, designed to prevent damage from debris flow ** Drainage basin (hydrology), a ...
of the tributaries of the
Kubena The Kubena (russian: Кубена) is a river in Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vozhegodsky, Syamzhensky, Kharovsky, Sokolsky, and Ust-Kubinsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin . Th ...
, in the basin of the
Sukhona River The Sukhona (russian: Су́хона) is a river in the European part of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyu ...
. The whole area of the district belongs to the basin of the
Northern Dvina River The Northern Dvina (russian: Се́верная Двина́, ; kv, Вы́нва / Výnva) is a river in northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Along with the Pechora River ...
. There are many swamps in the district, most of which are located in the valleys of the Vaga and the Kuloy. The basins of the Vaga and Kuloy Rivers are separated by the chain of hills which runs through the district from north to south. Forests cover 85% of the district's territory. In particular, spruce occupies 44% of all forested areas,
birch A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contains ...
occupies 22%,
pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accepts ...
–25%, and
aspen Aspen is a common name for certain tree species; some, but not all, are classified by botanists in the section ''Populus'', of the '' Populus'' genus. Species These species are called aspens: *'' Populus adenopoda'' – Chinese aspen (Chin ...
–3% of all forested areas. There are three natural monuments of local significance in the district protecting various landscapes, *Listvennichny Bor Landscape
Zakaznik Zakaznik (russian: зака́зник, зака́зники, transliterated: ''zakaznik, zakazniki''; uk, singular: заказни́к or зака́зник; plural: заказники́ or зака́зники, transliterated: ''zakaznyk'', ''zak ...
(''larch wood'') south of Verkhovazhye; protects a stand of
Siberian larch ''Larix sibirica'', the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch ''L. gmelinii' ...
*Verkhovazhsky Les Landscape Zakaznik, in the valley of the Vaga close to Verkhovazhye; protects the landscapes of the Vaga valley *Ivoninsky Bor Landscape Zakaznik, in the valley of the Kuloy at the border with Arkhangelsk Oblast; to protect glacial lake landscapes In addition, the Chugly Park created by Illarion Dudorov from Verkhovazhye, is protected as a natural monument since 2002.


History

The area of Verkhovazhye and the upper course of the Vaga were already populated in the 13th century. Due to its location on one of the main waterways connecting central Russia and the
White Sea The White Sea (russian: Белое море, ''Béloye móre''; Karelian and fi, Vienanmeri, lit. Dvina Sea; yrk, Сэрако ямʼ, ''Serako yam'') is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is s ...
(it was controlled first by Novgorodians, and after the fall of Novgorod was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Moscow), and the later construction of the surface road connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk, by the 17th century Verkhovazhye became a major trading settlement. In the 18th century, industry was introduced, which included a distillery, an iron works, and a paper production plant. In the 18th century, Verkhovazhsky Posad (currently Verkhovazhye) was one of the main trading towns in the Russian North, holding two annual fairs. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into
Vologda Viceroyalty Vologda Viceroyalty (russian: Волого́дское наме́стничество) was an administrative division (a '' namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Vologda ...
. The latter was abolished in 1796, and the part of it which included Verkhovazhye became
Vologda Governorate Vologda Governorate (russian: link=no, Вологодская губерния, ''Vologodskaya guberniya'', ''Government of Vologda'') was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed fr ...
. Since 1780, the upper Vaga lands were part of
Velsky Uyezd Velsky Uyezd () was one of the subdivisions of the Vologda Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Velsk. Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Census T ...
with the seat in the town of
Velsk Velsk (russian: Вельск) is a town and the administrative center of Velsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vel River at its confluence with the Vaga River, south of Arkhangelsk, the administrative ce ...
. In 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into
Northern Krai Northern Krai (russian: Северный край, ''Severny Krai'') was a ''krai'' (a first-level administrative and municipal unit) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk. ...
. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, and Velsky Uyezd was split into Velsky, Verkhovazhsky, and Ustyansky Districts. Verkhovazhsky District became a part of
Nyandoma Okrug Nyandoma (russian: Ня́ндома) is a town and the administrative center of Nyandomsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located south of Arkhangelsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History Nyandoma was founded in ...
of Northern Krai. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district was subordinated to the central administration of Northern Krai. On July 30, 1931, Verkhovazhsky District was merged into Velsky District (with the exception of Zhikhovsky Selsoviet, which was transferred to Totemsky District), and on January 25, 1935, it was re-established. In 1936, the krai was transformed into Northern Oblast, which, in turn, was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast in 1937. Verkhovazhsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.


Economy


Industry

The economy of the district is based on timber industry, which is, however, declining steadily. There is also food industry, mainly bread baking.


Agriculture

In 2010, three
collective farms Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member- ...
, eleven privately owned mid-scale farms, and one private small-scale farms operated in the district. The main agricultural specializations were cattle breeding and flax growing. The flax growing, which was a traditional occupation of the peasants in the area, is considered to be a priority.


Transportation

One of the principal highways in Russia, M8, which connects
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
and
Arkhangelsk Arkhangelsk (, ; rus, Арха́нгельск, p=ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk), also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near ...
, crosses the district from south to north, bypassing Verkhovazhye. There are also local roads, with the bus traffic originating from Verkhovazhye. None of the rivers are navigable within the limits of the district.


Culture and recreation

The district contains 174 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. Most of these are wooden farms and churches built prior to 1917. The only state museum in the district is the Historical Museum of Verkhovazhsky District, located in the ''selo'' of Verkhovazhye.


References


Notes


Sources

* * * {{Use mdy dates, date=August 2012 Districts of Vologda Oblast