The University of Pisa ( it, Università di Pisa, UniPi), officially founded in 1343, is one of the oldest

universities A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

History

The Origins

The University of Pisa was officially founded in 1343, although various scholars place its origins in the 11th century. It is certain, however, that from the middle of the 12th century Pisa had a “Universitas” in the original sense of the word, that is, a group of students who gathered around masters. It was during this period that Leonardo Fibonacci was born and worked. He was one of the greatest mathematicians in history who, through his work, synthesized the spirit and processes of Greek geometry and the tools of Arabic mathematics for the first time in Europe. The papal seal “In Supremae dignitatis”, issued by Pope Clement VI on 3 September 1343, granted the Studium in Pisa the title of Studium Generale with various exclusive privileges, making it universally recognised. In medieval times, the Studium Generale was a higher institute of education founded or confirmed by a universal authority, namely the papacy or the empire. Pisa was among the first European cities to vaunt a papal attestation, followed by

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

in 1347 and

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...

in 1386. At the outset in Pisa, lessons in Theology, Civil Law, Canon Law and Medicine were established. The first years of the new Studium were particularly difficult, although there is documentary evidence that shows persistent academic activity with a slow recovery starting in 1355. The end of the 14th century and the beginning of the 15th century saw Pisa and its Studium heading towards a slow death. The war, which had allowed the Florentines to conquer the city, was so socially and economically damaging that it made preserving even the most essential academic activity impossible.

The Medicis and Galileo

During the first few days of November 1473, the Studium in Pisa began to develop systematically at the request of Lorenzo dei Medici. In 1486, the construction of a building specifically for lessons was commissioned: the building, the future

Palazzo della Sapienza A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome whic ...

, still the centre of the present-day University, was placed in the 13th century Piazza del Grano, which could be reached through the gateway dell’Abbondanza. The image of the Cherub was placed above this gateway. In the Christian tradition, the Cherub represents an angelic being with a clearer vision of God, who in turn represents absolute knowledge. Since then, the

Cherub A cherub (; plural cherubim; he, כְּרוּב ''kərūḇ'', pl. ''kərūḇīm'', likely borrowed from a derived form of akk, 𒅗𒊏𒁍 ''karabu'' "to bless" such as ''karibu'', "one who blesses", a name for the lamassu) is one of the u ...

has become the iconographic symbol of the University of Pisa and, in more recent times, the Order of the Cherub is awarded to members of the university teaching staff who have contributed to enhancing its prestige. In 1497, the Pisan institute suffered a new period of decline and was moved to Florence for nine years. The rise to the throne of Duke Cosimo I dei Medici marked the beginning of a new era. The formal reopening of the university on 1 November 1543 was, in fact, considered to be a second founding. With the 1545 Statute, Cosimo managed to raise the quality of the teaching, making the University of Pisa one of the most important in Europe for both teaching and research. The Duke established the Chair of Simples (Semplici in Botany) and appointed Luca Ghini: between 1543 and 1544 the Garden of Simples was founded. This was the first

botanical garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...

in the world annexed to a university Studium. A few decades later, the garden was moved to its present position a few dozen metres from Piazza dei Miracoli, covering an area of around three hectares with 6,000 cultivated plants and seeds exchanged with other 400 structures in the world. Ghini was succeeded by the philosopher and scientist Andrea

Cesalpino Andrea Cesalpino ( Latinized as Andreas Cæsalpinus) (6 June 1524 – 23 February 1603) was a Florentine physician, philosopher and botanist. In his works he classified plants according to their fruits and seeds, rather than alphabetically ...

, who created the first scientific method for the classification of plants and can be considered the forerunner of the discovery of the cardiovascular system. Cosimo I was still ruling when

Galileo Galilei Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Commonly referred to as Galileo, his name was pronounced (, ). He was ...

was born on 15 February 1564 in Pisa. Galileo Galilei is universally thought of as the founder of modern science and the modern experimental method. He was initially a student and then a teacher of Mathematics at the University of Pisa before moving to Padova. It was in the city in Tuscany that he began the studies and experiments which were the basis of his revolutionary theories.

The house of Lorraine

The decline of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Medici), in the middle of the 18th century, saw the downfall of the Studium in Pisa, which only picked up again with the Lorraine dynasty. It was thanks to these enlightened innovators and reformers that numerous works and the establishment of the new Chairs of Experimental Physics and Chemistry were created. The annexation of Tuscany to the Napoleonic Empire at the beginning of the 19th century brought about the transformation of the Studium into an imperial Academy: the university became a subsidiary of the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

, even though it managed to retain a certain degree of autonomy. At that time, five faculties (Theology, Law, Medicine, Science and Arts), exams, different academic qualifications (bachelor, master and doctoral degrees) and degree theses came into being. The

Scuola Normale Superiore The Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa (commonly known in Italy as "la Normale") is a public university in Pisa and Florence, Tuscany, Italy, currently attended by about 600 undergraduate and postgraduate (PhD) students. It was founded in 1810 wi ...

was established between 1810 and 1813. It started out as a subsidiary of the École Normale in Paris and closed immediately to be reopened in 1846 with the inauguration of its present seat at

Palazzo della Carovana Palazzo della Carovana (also Palazzo dei Cavalieri) is a palace in Knights' Square, Pisa, Italy, presently housing the main building of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. History It was built in 1562–1564 by Giorgio Vasari for the headquar ...

Piazza dei Cavalieri Piazza dei Cavalieri () is a landmark in Pisa, Italy, and the second main square of the city. This square was the political centre in medieval Pisa. After the middle of 16th century the square became the headquarters of the Order of the Knights ...

Restoration and Risorgimento

The period of the

Restoration Restoration is the act of restoring something to its original state and may refer to: * Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage ** Audio restoration ** Film restoration ** Image restoration ** Textile restoration * Restoration ecology ...

led to a reconsideration of the organisation within the Studium, but not to the complete revocation of the Napoleonic experience. In 1826, lessons on

Egyptology Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , '' -logia''; ar, علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious ...

were introduced at the University of Pisa. This was a first in Europe and the world in general, leading to the renowned French-Tuscan expedition to Egypt between 1828 and 1829. In 1839, Pisa hosted the first congress of Italian scientists, which saw the participation of over 400 scholars and 300 experts in the various branches of knowledge from different states of the peninsula. It was during this period that the university was at the centre of the reform called for by Provveditore

Gaetano Giorgini Gaetano (anglicized ''Cajetan'') is an Italian masculine given name. It is also used as a surname. It is derived from the Latin ''Caietanus'', meaning "from ''Caieta''" (the modern Gaeta). The given name has been in use in Italy since medieval pe ...

, which saw the faculties increase in number to six (Theology, Law, Arts, Medicine, Mathematics and Natural Sciences) and for the first time in the world, the Chair of Agriculture and sheep-farming was created and entrusted to

Cosimo Ridolfi Cosimo is the Italian form of the Greek name ''Kosmas'' (latinised as ''Cosmas (disambiguation), Cosmas''). Cosimo may refer to: Characters * Cosimo Piovasco di Rondò, hero of Italo Calvino's 1957 novel ''The Baron in the Trees'' Given name ...

. In the university and in the city, liberal and patriotic ideals were coming to the fore and these reached their peak when teachers and students formed a university battalion and joined the

battle of Curtatone and Montanara The First Italian War of Independence ( it, Prima guerra d'indipendenza italiana), part of the Italian Unification (''Risorgimento''), was fought by the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont) and Italian volunteers against the Austrian Empire and other ...

in 1848. This was one of the most significant battles in the Italian Risorgimento. A memorial plaque in Palazzo della Sapienza commemorates the volunteers who “died fighting for the rebirth of Italy”, while the Italian flag used by the university battalion was honoured with the gold military medal by the Italian Republic in 1948.

The kingdom of Italy

With the creation of the

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

, the University of Pisa, which now counted around 560 matriculated students, re-emerged with all the faculties then present in the regulations and was acknowledged through the university reform of 1862, as one of the six principal national universities together with

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

Pavia Pavia (, , , ; la, Ticinum; Medieval Latin: ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the capit ...

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...

and

Palermo Palermo ( , ; scn, Palermu , locally also or ) is a city in southern Italy, the capital (political), capital of both the autonomous area, autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan ...

. The consolidation and expansion of the university, above all in the years straddling the

1800s 1800s may refer to: * The century from 1800 to 1899, almost synonymous with the 19th century (1801–1900) * 1800s (decade) File:1800s collage.jpg, 420x420px, From top left, clockwise: Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned Emperor of the French Empire and ...

and the

1900s The 1900s may refer to: * 1900s (decade), the decade from 1900 to 1909 * The century from 1900 to 1999, almost synonymous with the 20th century The 20th (twentieth) century began on January 1, 1901 ( MCMI), and ended on December 31, 2000 ( MM ...

, had a direct impact on the urban fabric development of the city even though the number of students increased only moderately (891 in 1912). The university gradually welcomed female students and in 1877,

Ernestina Paper Ernestina Paper () was the first female university graduate in modern Italy. She graduated in 1877 in medicine and surgery from the University of Florence. Early life and education Ernestina Puritz-Manassè was born in Odesa, Odessa in 1846 ...

graduated in Medicine. She was the first woman to graduate from an Italian university and was followed by

Cornelia Fabri Cornelia Fabri (Ravenna, 9 September 1869 – Florence, 24 May 1915) was an Italian mathematician and the first woman to graduate in mathematics from University of Pisa (1891). Life and work Cornelia Fabri was born in Ravenna, Italy, into a nob ...

in Mathematics and

Erminia Pittaluga ''Jerusalem Delivered'', also known as ''The Liberation of Jerusalem'' ( it, La Gerusalemme liberata ; ), is an epic poem by the Italian poet Torquato Tasso, first published in 1581, that tells a largely mythified version of the First Crusade i ...

in Arts. The reform called for by the minister

Giovanni Gentile Giovanni Gentile (; 30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian idealist philosopher, educator, and fascist politician. The self-styled "philosopher of Fascism", he was influential in providing an intellectual foundation for I ...

in 1923, further confirmed the university's prominent position at national level when it was placed among the ten universities totally funded by the state. Notwithstanding the aim to make Pisa a great “centre of university fascist culture” antifascist unrest was still alive, both in the academic community and among students. The application of

racial laws Anti-Jewish laws have been a common occurrence throughout Jewish history. Examples of such laws include special Jewish quotas, Jewish taxes and Disabilities (Jewish), Jewish "disabilities". Some were adopted in the 1930s and 1940s in Nazi Germany ...

, the first of which were signed by King Vittorio Emanuele III in 1938 at San Rossore, near Pisa, affected foreign and Italian students and university teachers severely, as was the case throughout Italy. It was not until 2018, in Pisa, 80 years after the signature, that there was an official and public admission of responsibility on behalf of the Italian universities (on the University of Pisa's own initiative).

The Republic

The physical and moral destruction caused by the Second World War was soon overcome and the University of Pisa, whose matriculated students passed from 768 in 1945 to 1,292 in 1950, was able to lead the field in many areas of knowledge, adapting to the new demands of social, civil and economic life. The faculties of Economics and Business Studies (1948), and later Foreign Languages and Literature (1969) and Political Science (1970) joined the faculties present before the conflict - Engineering and Pharmacy - and accompanied the arrival of the university for the masses (between 1961 and 1972 student numbers in Pisa went from around 9,000 to 27,000). At the start of the sixties, the University of Pisa established the first Italian Chair of Film History and Criticism. In 1969, the degree course in Computer Science (

Informatics Informatics is the study of computational systems, especially those for data storage and retrieval. According to ACM ''Europe and'' ''Informatics Europe'', informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, in which ...

) was set up. It was the first in Italy and followed the creation of the Pisan Electronic Calculator (CEP), designed in the mid-1950s and sponsored by

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

winner and graduate of the University of Pisa,

Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and ...

, which was the basis for other firsts in Italy in its field. In 1986, for example, the first Italian link to the

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

originated in Pisa. In 1967, the merger of the pre-existing colleges led to the creation of the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies and the Scuola Normale Superiore, forming a system of further education which is of the highest prestige at international level. Also in 1967, during a period of protests, the “Tesi della Sapienza”, one of the milestones of the 1968 student movement in Italy, were compiled in Pisa. This phase of the unrest was particularly animated in the city with some dramatic moments. From the end of the 1970s, the University's Natural History Museum moved to the enchanting 14th century Charterhouse of Calci, a building of priceless historic and architectural worth. The museum houses numerous rooms dedicated to zoology, mineralogy and palaeontology as well as Italy's largest freshwater aquarium and Whale gallery with more than thirty whale skeletons exhibited in an ancient portico.

UniPi today

The Ruberti reform of 1989, which envisaged the statutory autonomy of universities, forced the university to approve a new Statute, whose overall structure was only called into question with the so-called “

Gelmini reform The Gelmini reform (Italian: ''riforma Gelmini'') refers to the set of acts of the Italian Republic – issued during the Berlusconi IV Cabinet – concerning the education sector in Italy. Entering into force during the Minister of Education, ...

” in 2010. This led to the adoption of the 2012 Statute and the organizational layout which excluded the 11 Faculties in favour of 20 Departments. At present, the university is divided into 20 Departments, with around 150 first and second level degree courses, and single cycle degree courses, more than 20 doctoral courses, 50 schools of specialisation and more than 60 postgraduate courses. There are more than 1,500 members of teaching staff and a slightly higher number of administrative personnel, technicians, foreign language assistants and librarians. There are around 50,000 students enrolled, and in a city with a population of approximately 90,000 inhabitants, this makes Pisa a true city campus. The students come mainly from

Tuscany Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze''). Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...

and

Liguria Liguria (; lij, Ligûria ; french: Ligurie) is a Regions of Italy, region of north-western Italy; its Capital city, capital is Genoa. Its territory is crossed by the Alps and the Apennine Mountains, Apennines Mountain chain, mountain range and is ...

, with a significant intake from many other regions, above all from the south of Italy. A sizeable number of the students are also foreign, contributing to the open, lively, multicultural nature of the city. Thanks to the traditions and high quality of studies, the vocation for research and innovation, the presence of a system formed by the Scuola Normale Superiore, the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies and important research centres, the University of Pisa boasts an excellent reputation both in Italy and in Europe, as can be seen in the various international rankings which place it among the best universities in the world and at the top in Italy. Among the many graduates of the University of Pisa are the Nobel Prize winners

Giosuè Carducci Giosuè Alessandro Giuseppe Carducci (; 27 July 1835 – 16 February 1907) was an Italian poet, writer, literary critic and teacher. He was very noticeably influential, and was regarded as the official national poet of modern Italy. In 1906, h ...

and

Carlo Rubbia Carlo Rubbia (born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN. Early life and education ...

, holders of the Field Medal for Mathematics, Enrico Bombieri and

Alessio Figalli Alessio Figalli (; born 2 April 1984) is an Italian mathematician working primarily on calculus of variations and partial differential equations. He was awarded the Prix and in 2012, the EMS Prize in 2012, the Stampacchia Medal in 2015, the ...

, Presidents of the Republic,

Giovanni Gronchi Giovanni Gronchi, (; 10 September 1887 – 17 October 1978) was an Italian politician from Christian Democracy who served as the president of Italy from 1955 to 1962 and was marked by a controversial and failed attempt to bring about an "openi ...

and

Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (; 9 December 1920 – 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician and banker who was the prime minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and the president of Italy from 1999 to 2006. Biography Education Ciampi was born i ...

, film directors

Mario Monicelli Mario Alberto Ettore Monicelli (; 16 May 1915 – 29 November 2010) was an Italian film director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the ''Commedia all'Italiana'' (Comedy Italian style). He was nominated six times for an Oscar, and was awa ...

and

Paolo Paolo is both a given name and a surname, the Italian form of the name Paul. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Paolo Art *Paolo Alboni (1671–1734), Italian painter *Paolo Abbate (1884–1973), Italian-American s ...

and

Vittorio Taviani Paolo Taviani (; born 8 November 1931) and Vittorio Taviani (; 20 September 1929 – 15 April 2018), collectively referred to as the Taviani brothers, were Italian film directors and screenwriters who collaborated on film productions. At the C ...

and writers

Tiziano Terzani Tiziano Terzani (; 14 September 1938 – 28 July 2004) was an Italian journalist and writer, best known for his extensive knowledge of 20th century East Asia and for being one of the very few western reporters to witness both the fall of Saigon ...

and

Antonio Tabucchi Antonio Tabucchi (; 24 September 1943 – 25 March 2012) was an Italian writer and academic who taught Portuguese language and literature at the University of Siena, Italy. Deeply in love with Portugal, he was an expert, critic and translator of ...

. Pisa's most famous graduate in the world today is the tenor

Andrea Bocelli Andrea Bocelli (; born 22 September 1958) is an Italian tenor and multi-instrumentalist. He was born visually impaired, with congenital glaucoma, and at the age of 12, Bocelli became completely blind, following a brain hemorrhage resulting fro ...

Organization and administration

The University of Pisa consists of 20 departments. These departments offers several courses in their related field of study: *

Civil and Industrial Engineering Civil may refer to: *Civic virtue, or civility *Civil action, or lawsuit *Civil affairs *Civil and political rights *Civil disobedience *Civil engineering *Civil (journalism), a platform for independent journalism *Civilian, someone not a member ...

Economics and Management Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes ...

* Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering *

Information Engineering Information engineering is the engineering discipline that deals with the generation, distribution, analysis, and use of information, data, and knowledge in systems. The field first became identifiable in the early 21st century. The component ...

Mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

Physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...

Computer Science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...

Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry Chemistry is the science, scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the Chemical element, elements that make up matter to the chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions ...

Biology Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary i ...

* Earth Sciences *

Clinical and Experimental Medicine Clinical may refer to: Healthcare * Of or about a clinic, a healthcare facility * Of or about the practice of medicine Other uses * ''Clinical'' (film), a 2017 American horror thriller See also * * * Clinical chemistry, the analysis of bodily flu ...

* Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine *

Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...

Pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links heal ...

Humanities Civilisations and Forms of Knowledge Humanities are List of academic disciplines, academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with Divinity (academic discipline), divinity and referred to what is now called classi ...

* Philology, Literature and Linguistics * Law *

Political Science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...

* Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences *

Veterinary Sciences Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals. Along with this, it deals with animal rearing, husbandry, breeding, research on nutri ...

PhD PHD or PhD may refer to: * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification Entertainment * '' PhD: Phantasy Degree'', a Korean comic series * ''Piled Higher and Deeper'', a web comic * Ph.D. (band), a 1980s British group ** Ph.D. (Ph.D. albu ...

studies are usually offered and arranged by the departments. The lectures are mostly given in Italian, except for a number of courses at the faculty of foreign languages and literature, some scientific programmes, such as the international MSc in aerospace engineering ( EuMAS), Master in Business Informatics, the Master of Science in Space Engineering and the Master in Computer Science and Networking, jointly offered with

Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , latin_name = , image = , motto = L'eccellenza come disciplina , mottoeng = Committed to excellence , established = 1987 from previously existing institutions , type = State-supported , administrative_staff ...

. Students also have at their disposal a language centre, where they can attend courses in foreign languages, a sports centre (''Cus Pisa'') that arranges for many sports intramural leagues and allows sports practice in almost all the disciplines available in Italy, and six university refectories (''Mense universitarie''). The University of Pisa is not organized in the form of one unique campus, but rather its many buildings are scattered throughout the whole Pisa area, especially in the city centre.

Libraries

Th
University Library System
( Italian: ''Sistema Bibliotecario di Ateneo'', SBA) consists of 15 libraries and th
General Archive of the University
* Polo 1
Agriculture
(AGR) * Polo 1
Economics
(ECO) * Polo
Veterinary Medicine
(VET) * Polo 2
Law
(IUS) * Polo 2
Political Science
(SPO) * Polo 3
Chemistry
(CHI) * Polo 3
Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics
(MIF) * Polo 3
Natural and Environmental Sciences
(SNA) * Polo 4
Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacy
(MED) * Polo 5
Engineering
(ING) * Polo 6
English Studies
(LM2) * Polo 6
Ancient Cultures, Linguistic, Germanic and Slavic Studies
(ANT) * Polo 6
Philosophy and History
(FIL) * Polo 6
Italian studies and Romance Philology
(LM1) * Polo 6
History of Arts
(STA). UniPi Museo Storia Naturale Calci2

Museums

The �
Museums of University of Pisa
�� (Italian: ''Sistema Museale d’Ateneo'', SMA) is a network of nine structures in addition to th
Natural History Museum
which is located in

Calci Calci is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about west of Florence and about east of Pisa. Government ; ''Frazioni'' The main settlement is the municipal seat of La Pieve; the rest of t ...

, a few kilometers from Pisa.
Egyptological Collections “Edda Bresciani”

Collection of Plaster Casts and Antiquities

Museum of Pathological Anatomy

Museum of Human Anatomy “Filippo Civinini”

Veterinary Anatomy Museum

Museum of Graphics

Museum of Computing Machinery

Museum of Physics Instruments

Botanic Garden

Rankings

*In 2011, the University of Pisa came in first place among the Italian universities, according to the

Academic Ranking of World Universities The ''Academic Ranking of World Universities'' (''ARWU''), also known as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the annual publications of world university rankings. The league table was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiao Tong University ...

and within the best 30 universities in Europe.Le università di Pisa e Siena tra i primi 500 atenei al mondo
at La Nazione *

Times Higher Education World University Rankings The ''Times Higher Education World University Rankings'' (often referred to as the THE Rankings) is an annual publication of university rankings by the ''Times Higher Education'' (THE) magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli ...

ranks University of Pisa among the 350 best world universities. *

Times Higher Education Europe Teaching Rankings Time is the continued sequence of existence and events, and a fundamental quantity of measuring systems. Time or times may also refer to: Temporal measurement * Time in physics, defined by its measurement * Time standard, civil time specific ...

ranks University of Pisa among the top 100 European Universities for teaching. *

QS World University Rankings ''QS World University Rankings'' is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). The QS system comprises three parts: the global overall ranking, the subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the ...

ranks University of Pisa in the world's top 100 for Computer Science & Information Systems, Physics & Astronomy, Mathematics, Classics & Ancient History, Library & Information Management. *The U.S. News & World Report places the University of Pisa among the world's 300 best universities.U.S. News & World Report College and University rankings 2011
/ref> * Th
European Research Ranking
a ranking based on publicly available data from the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body o ...

database, puts the University of Pisa among the best in Italy and the best performing European research institutions.European Research Ranking 2010
/ref>

Notable people

Alumni

Notable people who have attended the University of Pisa include: In politics and government: * Italian political leaders **

Giacomo Acerbo Giacomo Acerbo, Baron of Aterno (25 July 1888 – 9 January 1969) was an Italian economist and politician who drafted the Acerbo Law. Early life He was born to an old family of the local nobility of Loreto Aprutino. He was educated in Pisa, ...

Giuliano Amato Giuliano Amato (; born 13 May 1938) is an Italian politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Italy, first from 1992 to 1993 and again from 2000 to 2001. Later, he was Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted t ...

Sandro Bondi Sandro Bondi (born 14 May 1959) is an Italian politician. He served as minister of culture from 2008 to 2011, in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet. Biography Bondi was born in Fivizzano, province of Massa-Carrara, Italy. He first attended school at Lau ...

Maria Chiara Carrozza Maria Chiara Carrozza (born 16 September 1965) is an Italians, Italian physicist, engineer and politician. She was Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (Italy), Minister of Education, University and Research between April 2013 and Feb ...

** Massimo D'Alema **

** Guido Buffarini Guidi **

Enrico Letta Enrico Letta (; born 20 August 1966) is an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 2013 to February 2014, leading a grand coalition of centre-left and centre-right parties. Since March 2021, Letta has been secretary ...

** Antonio Maccanico **

Fabio Mussi Fabio Mussi (born 22 January 1948) is an Italian politician, formerly Minister of University and Research in the Prodi II Cabinet. A former member of the Italian Communist Party and then Democrats of the Left, he became a lead founding member o ...

Alessandro Natta Alessandro Natta (7 January 1918 – 23 May 2001), was an Italian politician and secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from 1984 to 1988. Before and during the World War Born in Oneglia, Natta attended the Scuola Normale Superiore ...

** Marcello Pera ** Enrico Rossi ** Carlo Sforza **

Sidney Sonnino Sidney Costantino, Baron Sonnino (11 March 1847 – 24 November 1922) was an Italian statesman, 19th prime minister of Italy and twice served briefly as one, in 1906 and again from 1909 to 1910. In 1901, he founded a new major newspaper, ''Il Gior ...

Paolo Emilio Taviani Paolo Emilio Taviani (6 November 1912 – 18 June 2001) was an Italian political leader, economist, and historian of the career of Christopher Columbus. He was a partisan leader in Liguria, a Gold Medal of the Resistance, then a member of the Co ...

* Foreign political leaders ** Deputy Prime Minister of Albania

Spiro Koleka Spiro Koleka (7 July 1908 – 22 August 2001) was an important Albanian statesman, communist politician and a high-ranking military officer during World War II. He was a civil engineer by profession. Spiro Koleka served as a parliament member i ...

** Ambassador Marcello Spatafora ** Prime Ministers of Greece Ioannis Kolettis and

Diomidis Kyriakos Diomidis Anastasiou Kyriakos () (1811, Spetses – 1869, Pisa) was a Greek author, politician and Prime Minister of Greece. Biography Kiriakos was born in 1811 on the island of Spetses to family of Arvanites, Arvanite origin. He was the younger b ...

** Haitian President René Préval ** Nicaraguan President

Adan Cardenas Adan may refer to: People * Adan (given name) * Adan (surname) Places * 'Adan or Aden, a city of Yemen * 'Adan Governorate, Yemen * Al-Adan, a district of the governorate of Mubarak Al-Kabeer in Kuwait * The Adan River, located in India * Ad ...

** Prime Minister of Somalia Ali Mohammed Ghedi
In theology: * Archbishop

Giovanni Battista Rinuccini Giovanni Battista Rinuccini (1592–1653) was an Italian Roman Catholic archbishop in the mid-seventeenth century. He was a noted legal scholar and became chamberlain to Pope Gregory XV. In 1625 Pope Urban VIII made him the Archbishop of Fermo ...

* Cardinals **

Benedetto Accolti the Younger Benedetto Accolti the younger (29 October 1497 – 21 September 1549) was an Italian cardinal. He was born in Florence, Italy, the son of Michele Accolti, patrician of Arezzo, and Lucrezia Alamanni. He died in Florence of an apoplexy. He was n ...

Pietro Accolti Pietro Accolti (15 March 1455 – 11 December 1532), known as the "cardinal of Ancona", was an italy, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and judge of the Roman Rota. Life He was born in Florence on 15 March 1455, the son of the famous jurist Benedett ...

** Francesco Barberini **

Cesare Borgia Cesare Borgia (; ca-valencia, Cèsar Borja ; es, link=no, César Borja ; 13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507) was an Italian ex- cardinal and '' condottiero'' (mercenary leader) of Aragonese (Spanish) origin, whose fight for power was a major ...

Giovanni Antonio Guadagni Giovanni Antonio Guadagni (14 September 1674 – 15 January 1759) – in religion Giovanni Antonio di San Bernardo – was an Italian cardinal and a professed member from the Discalced Carmelites. His rise in the ranks became rapid after his ...

Francisco de Remolins Francisco de Remolins (1462–1518) (called the Cardinal of Sorrento and ''il cardinale Elvense'') was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Francisco de Remolins was born in Lleida in 1462. He studied law at the University of ...

Francesco Martelli Francesco Martelli (1633 – 28 September 1717) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Martelli was born in Florence of a patrician family. He studied canon and civil law in the University of Pisa and became canon of the cathedral chap ...

Bandino Panciatici Bandino Panciatici (10 July 1629 – 21 April 1718) as a Roman Catholic cardinal from 1690 to 1718. Biography Bandino Panciatici was born in Florence on July 10, 1629. He came from a Pistoian noble family, and was a relative of Pope Clement IX ...

** Raffaele Riario **

Giovanni Battista Tolomei Giovanni Battista Tolomei, S.J., (3 December 1653 – 19 January 1726) was an Italian Jesuit priest, theologian, and cardinal. Life Tolomei was born of noble parentage at the ancestral castle of the Counts of Capraia ( la, Camberaia) in the ...

* Popes ** Clement IX ** Clement XII ** Leo X **

Paul III Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549. He came to ...

** Urban VIII * Chief Rabbi

Elio Toaff Elio Toaff (30 April 1915 – 19 April 2015) was the Chief Rabbi of Rome from 1951 to 2002. He served as a rabbi in Venice from 1947, and in 1951 became the Chief Rabbi of Rome. Early life Toaff was born in Livorno in 1915, the son of the city's ...

* Minister Angus Morrison In science: * Astrophysicists **

Paolo Farinella Paolo Farinella (13 January 1953 – 25 March 2000) was an Italian scientist very active in the field of planetary science and in particular in the study of asteroids and small bodies of the Solar System. Biography Paolo Farinella was born on ...

Franco Pacini Franco Pacini (10 May 1939 – 25 January 2012) was an Italian astrophysicist and professor at the University of Florence. He carried out research, mostly in High Energy Astrophysics, in Italy, France, United States and at the European Souther ...

Viviana Acquaviva Viviana Acquaviva (born June 5, 1979) is an Italian astrophysicist who is a professor in the Department of Physics at the New York City College of Technology. Her research interests consider data science and machine learning for physics and astron ...

* Biophysicist

Clara Franzini-Armstrong Clara Franzini-Armstrong (born 1938 Florence) is an Italian-born American electron microscopist, and Professor Emeritus of Cell and Developmental Biology at University of Pennsylvania. Early life Clara Franzini was born on October 3, 1938, in F ...

* Botanist

Giovanni Arcangeli Giovanni Arcangeli (18 July 1840 – 16 July 1921) was an Italian botanist from Florence. In 1862 he earned his degree in natural sciences from the University of Pisa, where he later became an instructor and professor. In 1880 he was a professor ...

* Geneticist

Guido Pontecorvo Guido Pellegrino Arrigo Pontecorvo FRS FRSE (29 November 1907 – 25 September 1999) was an Italian-born Scottish geneticist. Life Guido Pontecorvo was born on 29 November 1907 in Pisa into a family of wealthy Italian industrialists. He was on ...

(1907–1999) * Mathematicians ** Aldo Andreotti ** Enrico Betti **

Vincenzo Brunacci Vincenzo Brunacci (3 March 1768 – 16 June 1818) was an Italian mathematician born in Florence.An It ...

Cesare Burali-Forti Cesare Burali-Forti (13 August 1861 – 21 January 1931) was an Italian mathematician, after whom the Burali-Forti paradox is named. Biography Burali-Forti was born in Arezzo, and was an assistant of Giuseppe Peano in Turin from 1894 to 18 ...

** Bonaventura Cavalieri **

Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja (1 January 1803 – 28 September 1869) was an Italian count and mathematician, who became known for his love and subsequent theft of ancient and precious manuscripts. Appointed the Inspector of Libraries i ...

Giovanni Ceva Giovanni Ceva (September 1, 1647 – May 13, 1734) was an Italian mathematician widely known for proving Ceva's theorem in elementary geometry. His brother, Tommaso Ceva was also a well-known poet and mathematician. Life Ceva received his educat ...

Luigi Fantappiè Luigi Fantappiè (15 September 1901 – 28 July 1956) was an Italian mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis and for creating the theory of analytic functionals: he was a student and follower of Vito Volterra. Later in life, he pro ...

, winner of the 2018

Fields Medal The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award ho ...

** Guido Fubini **

Christopher Hacon Christopher Derek Hacon (born 14 February 1970) is a mathematician with British, Italian and US nationalities. He is currently distinguished professor of mathematics at the University of Utah where he holds a Presidential Endowed Chair. His res ...

Giuseppe Lauricella Giuseppe Lauricella (15 December 1867 – 9 January 1913) was an Italian mathematician who contributed to analysis and theory of elasticity.Salvatore Pincherle ** Ferdinando Pio Rosellini **

Giovanni Salvemini Giovanni Francesco Mauro Melchiorre Salvemini di Castiglione FRS (15 January 1708 in Castiglione del Valdarno – 11 October 1791 in Berlin) was an Italian mathematician and astronomer. Life Salvemini was born on 15 January 1708 in Castiglion ...

Carlo Somigliana Carlo Somigliana (20 September 1860 – 20 June 1955) was an Italian mathematician and a classical mathematical physicist, faithful member of the school of Enrico Betti and Eugenio Beltrami. He made important contributions to linear elasticity: ...

** Vito Volterra **

Guido Zappa Guido Zappa (7 December 1915 – 17 March 2015) was an Italian mathematician and a noted group theorist: his other main research interests were geometry and also the history of mathematics. Zappa was particularly known for some examples of alge ...

* Neuroscientist

Emilio Bizzi Emilio Bizzi (born February 22, 1933) is a neuroscientist and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is an investigator of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and a faculty member in the Department of Brain an ...

* Physicians **

Vincenzo Chiarugi Vincenzo Chiarugi (1759–1820) was an Italian physician who helped introduce humanitarian reforms to the psychiatric hospital care of people with mental disorders. His early part in a movement towards moral treatment was relatively overlooked unt ...

** Paolo Macchiarini **

Francesco Redi Francesco Redi (18 February 1626 – 1 March 1697) was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist, and poet. He is referred to as the "founder of experimental biology", and as the "father of modern parasitology". He was the first person to cha ...

* Physicists **

Adolfo Bartoli Adolfo Bartoli (19 March 1851 – 18 July 1896) was an Italian physicist, who is best known for introducing the concept of radiation pressure from thermodynamical considerations. Born in Florence, Bartoli studied physics and mathematics at the Un ...

Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti Temistocle Calzecchi Onesti (December 14, 1853 – November 25, 1922) was an Italian physicist and inventor born in Lapedona, Italy, where his father, Icilio Calzecchi, a medical doctor from nearby Monterubbiano, was temporarily working at the ...

Ennio Candotti Ennio Candotti (born 1942 in Rome, Italy) is a Brazilian physicist and scientific leader. He studied physics at the University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, from 1960 to 1964, and also at the University of Naples, in Naples, Italy (1970–71). F ...

Nello Carrara Nello Carrara (19 February 1900 – 5 June 1993) was an Italian physicist and founder of the Electromagnetic Wave Research Institute. He researched X-rays and was a pioneer of radar, but is best known for coining the term "microwave". Bio ...

(1901–1954), winner of the 1938

Nobel Prize in Physics ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then " ...

Luca Gammaitoni Luca Gammaitoni (born 16 June 1961 in Perugia) is a scientist in the area of noise and nonlinear dynamics. He is currently the Director of the Noise in Physical System Laboratory (NiPS Lab) at the Physics Department of the Università di Perugia ...

Antonio Pacinotti Antonio Pacinotti (17 June 1841 – 24 March 1912) was an Italian physicist, who was Professor of Physics at the University of Pisa. Biography Pacinotti was born in Pisa, where he also died. He was the son of Luigi Pacinotti and Caterina ...

Eligio Perucca Eligio Perucca (28 March 1890 in Potenza – 5 January 1965 in Rome) was an Italian physics instructor and researcher at the University of Turin in Italy in the early decades of the twentieth century. He later served a professorship at the nearby ...

Luigi Puccianti Luigi Puccianti (; 11 June 1875 – 9 June 1952) was an Italian physicist. Career In 1899–1900, Puccianti constructed a highly sensitive spectrograph, with which he studied the infrared absorption of many compounds and attempted to correlate th ...

Franco Rasetti Franco Dino Rasetti (August 10, 1901 – December 5, 2001) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist, paleontologist and botanist. Together with Enrico Fermi, he discovered key processes leading to nuclear fission. Rasetti refused ...

Vasco Ronchi Vasco Ronchi (; December 19, 1897 – October 31, 1988) was an Italian people, Italian physicist known for his work in optics. He was born on 19 December 1897 in Florence, Italy. Along with Enrico Fermi, he was a student of Luigi Puccianti. He s ...

(1934–), co-winner of the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics In other fields: * Egyptologists

Sergio Donadoni Fabrizio Sergio Donadoni (13 October 1914 – 31 October 2015) was an Italian archaeologist who worked by within the disciple of Egyptology. Biography Born in 1914 in Palermo, he was fascinated by the ancient Egypt since childhood, with a part ...

, Edda Bresciani,

Gianluca Miniaci Gianluca Miniaci is an Italian Egyptologist, currently Associate Professor at the University of Pisa. He studied from 1999 to 2004 Classical Archaeology and wrote his dissertation in Egyptology on "The royal necropolis of the 17th dynasty at Dra ...

and

Ippolito Rosellini Niccola Francesco Ippolito Baldassarre Rosellini, known simply as Ippolito RoselliniBardelli 1843, p. 4 (13 August 1800 – 4 June 1843) was an Italian Egyptologist. A scholar and friend of Jean-François Champollion, he is regarded as t ...

* Fashion model Tania Bambaci * Film directors

, Paolo Virzì and

Simone Rapisarda Casanova Simone Rapisarda Casanova is an Italian experimental filmmaker currently living in Canada. In 2014 he won the Leopard for Best Emerging Director at the Locarno International Film Festival. Life Rapisarda Casanova was born in Catania, Italy. H ...

* Historians

Carlo Ginzburg Carlo Ginzburg (; born April 15, 1939) is an Italian historian and proponent of the field of microhistory. He is best known for ''Il formaggio e i vermi'' (1976, English title: ''The Cheese and the Worms''), which examined the beliefs of an Ital ...

Camillo Porzio Camillo Porzio (1526–1580) was an Italian historian. Life He belonged to a wealthy and Nobility, noble Naples, Neapolitan family, and was the son of the philosopher Simone Porzio. He studied law, first at Bologna and later at Pisa, and after gra ...

, and

Mario Rosa Mario Rosa (8 May 1932 – 24 December 2022) was an Italian historian. Life and career Rosa was born on 8 May 1932. He studied at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa. Rosa had taught early modern history at the Universities of Lecce, Bari, Pi ...

* Librettist

Giacinto Andrea Cicognini Giacinto Andrea Cicognini (1606–1651) was an Italian playwright and librettist, the son of poet and playwright Jacopo Cicognini. Biography Giacinto Andrea Cicognini was born in Florence. In 1627, he graduated from the University of Pisa, ...

* Philologist Gian Biagio Conte * Philosophers **

Francesco Cattani da Diacceto Francesco Cattani da Diacceto (16 November 1466 – 10 April 1522) was a Florentine Neoplatonist philosopher of the Italian Renaissance. Life Diacceto was born in Florence on 16 November 1466, the son of Zanobi Cattani da Diacceto and Lion ...

Aldo Gargani Aldo Giorgio Gargani (1933 in Genova – 18 June 2009 in Pisa) was an Italians, Italian philosopher. He studied philosophy at the ''Scuola Normale Superiore'' in Pisa, Oxford University, and The Queen's College, Oxford, Queen's College. He was pr ...

Anna Camaiti Hostert Anna Camaiti Hostert (born July 19, 1949, in Florence, Italy) is an Italian American philosopher and a scholar of Visual Studies. She lives and works between Italy and the United States. Biography She obtained her degree in Philosophy at the Un ...

Eufrosin Poteca Eufrosin Poteca (; born Radu Poteca; 1786 – 10 December 1858) was a Romanian philosopher, theologian, and translator, professor at the Saint Sava Academy of Bucharest. Later in life he campaigned against slavery. He was the grandfather of the R ...

Jiyuan Yu Jiyuan Yu (July 5, 1964 – November 3, 2016) was a Chinese moral philosopher noted for his work on virtue ethics. Yu was a long-time and highly admired Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Buffalo, in Buffalo, New York ...

* Physiologist Hugo Kronecker (1839–1914) * Tenors

and

Francesco Rasi Francesco Rasi (14 May 1574 – 30 November 1621) was an Italian composer, singer (tenor), chitarrone player, and poet. Rasi was born in Arezzo. He studied at the University of Pisa and in 1594 he was studying with Giulio Caccini. He may have bee ...

Notable people who have attended the University of Pisa include: * Agronomist

Nazareno Strampelli Nazareno Strampelli (May 29, 1866, in Castelraimondo, Italy – January 23, 1942) was an Italian agronomist and Plant breeding, plant breeder. He was the forerunner of what became known as the Green Revolution of the late 1960s. Strampelli's work a ...

* Anatomist Atto Tigri * Art historian and curator Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev * Civil engineer

Henry Willey Reveley Henry Willey Reveley (1788–1875) was a civil engineer responsible for the earliest public works at the Swan River Colony, the foundation of the state of Western Australia. Life Reveley was the son of Willey and Maria Reveley (later Gisborn ...

* Civil servant

Bruno Ferrante Bruno Ferrante (born 26 April 1947 in Lecce) was Milan prefect Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but esse ...

* Computer scientists **

Elisa Bertino Elisa Bertino is a professor of computer science at Purdue University and is acting as the research director of CERIAS, the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security, an institute attached to Purdue University. Berti ...

** Luca Cardelli **

Roberto Di Cosmo Roberto Di Cosmo is an italian computer scientist and director of IRILL, the Innovation and research initiative for free software (). He graduated from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and obtained a PhD from the University of Pisa, before b ...

Luca Passani The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent population from which all organisms now living on Earth share common descent—the most recent common ancestor of all current life on Earth. This includes all cellular organisms; th ...

* Diplomat

Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo Count Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo (french: Charles-André Pozzo de Borgo, russian: Карл Осипович Поццо ди Борго, ''Karl Osipovich Potso di Borgo''; 8 March 1764 – 15 February 1842) was a Corsican politician, who later ...

* Economists

Luigi Bodio Luigi Bodio (born 12 October 1840 in Milan–2 November 1920 in Rome) was an Italian economist and statistician, among the founders of Italian Statistics. He was the first General Secretary of the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and amon ...

and

Paolo Malanima Paolo Malanima (born 17 December 1950) is an Italian economic historian and director of the Institute of Studies on Mediterranean Societies in Naples. Malanima's main research interests are long-term developments in economic history, particu ...

* Engineer

Giacinto Morera Giacinto Morera (18 July 1856 – 8 February 1909), was an Italian engineer and mathematician. He is known for Morera's theorem in the theory of functions of a complex variable and for his work in the theory of linear elasticity. Biography L ...

* Intellectual

Adriano Sofri Adriano Sofri (born 1 August 1942) is an Italian intellectual, a journalist and a writer. The former leader of the autonomist movement ''Lotta Continua'' ("Continuous Struggle") in the 1960s, he was arrested in 1988 and sentenced to 22 years of p ...

* International civil servant

Francesco Cappè Francesco Cappè (born 31 May 1971 in Fivizzano, Italy) is Chairman and founder of the garagErasmus Foundation and former United Nations official and Head, Security policies, Dialogue and Innovation for the United Nations Interregional Crime and Ju ...

* Journalists

Lando Ferretti Lando Ferretti (2 May 1895 in Pontedera, Province of Pisa – 8 January 1977 in Rome) was an Italian journalist, politician and sports administrator. Journalism After studying law and letters at the University of Pisa Ferretti became a journalis ...

and

* Jurists **

Giuseppe Averani Giuseppe Averani FRS or Averanus (March 20, 1662, Pisa – August 24, 1738, Florence) was an Italian jurist and naturalist. Biography The son of a mathematician, he studied arts and law at the University of Pisa. His brother Benedetto Averan ...

** Piero Calamandrei **

Francesco Carrara Francesco Carrara may refer to: * Francesco I da Carrara (1325–1393) * Francesco Carrara (Cardinal), Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals 1790–1791 * Francesco Carrara (jurist) (1805–1888), Italian jurist * Francesco Carrara (archae ...

** Antonio Cassese ** Italian Constitutional Court Judge Sabino Cassese **

Giovanni Lami Giovanni Lami (8 November 1697 – 6 February 1770) was an Italian jurist, church historian, and antiquarian. Biography He was born at Santa Croce sull'Arno (between Pisa and Florence) into a relatively affluent family; his paternal family ...

Miguel Ángel Arroyo --> Miguel is a given name and surname, the Portuguese and Spanish form of the Hebrew name Michael (given name), Michael. It may refer to: Places *Pedro Miguel, a parish in the municipality of Horta and the island of Faial in the Azores Islands ...

** Remus Opreanu * Linguists

Stefano Arduini Stefano Arduini (born 1956) is a scholar of linguistics, rhetoric, semiotics and translation. He is Full Professor of Linguistics at the University of Rome Link Campus where he is the director the Publishing Professionals Master's degree. He teac ...

and

Luigi Rizzi Luigi Rizzi may refer to: * Luigi Rizzi (footballer) (1907–?), Italian footballer with Inter Milan in the 1930s * Luigi Rizzi (linguist) (born 1952), Italian linguist {{Hndis, Rizzi, Luigi ...

* Nobel Laureate in Literature

* Managers

Pier Francesco Guarguaglini Pier Francesco Guarguaglini (born 1937 in Tuscany, Italy) is an Italian engineer, university educator and businessman. He is best known for his nine-year term (2002–2011) as chairman of Finmeccanica (since 2017 Leonardo), a partly state-owned Ital ...

Luca Desiata Luca Desiata (born December 10, 1971) is an Italian manager, Latinist and art curator. He was the CEO of SOGIN between 2016 and 2019. He is the founder and editor-in-chief of the magazine of Latin crosswords Hebdomada Aenigmatum and of the mag ...

* Naturalist

Gaetano Savi Gaetano Savi (13 June 1769 – 28 April 1844) was an Italian naturalist., botanist and mycologist. He was born in Florence and studied with Giorgio Santi (1746–1822) and Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti (1823–1902). In 1798 he published ''Flora Pis ...

* Physician

François Carlo Antommarchi François Carlo Antommarchi (5 July 1780 in Morsiglia, Corsica – 4 March 1838 in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba) was Napoleon's physician from 1818 to his death in 1821. He began his studies in Livorno, Italy, and later earned the degree of Doct ...

* Poets **

Vincenzo da Filicaja Vincenzo da Filicaja (30 December 164224 September 1707) was a Tuscan poet and politician. His poetry was compared to that of Petrarch, and his association with the Accademia della Crusca gave him access to royal patronage. He served as governor ...

** Giovanni Battista Guarini **

Mauro Nervi Mauro Nervi (born 1959) is an Italian poet in the Esperanto language. Nervi was born in La Spezia, a port town in northern Italy. A student of medicine, he gained his M.D. as a general surgeon. Since 1984 he has worked in the department of surg ...

* Psychiatrist

Silvano Arieti Silvano Arieti (June 28, 1914 in Pisa, Italy – August 7, 1981 in New York City) was a psychiatrist regarded as one of the world's foremost authorities on schizophrenia. He received his M.D. from the University of Pisa and left Italy soon after, d ...

* Racing car and engine designer Carlo Chiti * Surgeon

Andrea Vaccá Berlinghieri Andrea is a given name which is common worldwide for both males and females, cognate to Andreas, Andrej and Andrew. Origin of the name The name derives from the Greek word ἀνήρ (''anēr''), genitive ἀνδρός (''andrós''), that re ...

* Writers **

Pietro Citati Pietro Citati (20 February 1930 – 28 July 2022) was an Italian writer and literary critic. He was born in Florence. He wrote critical biographies of Goethe, Alexander the Great, Kafka and Marcel Proust as well as a short memoir on his thirty-ye ...

Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (12 August 1804 – 25 September 1873) was an Italian writer and politician involved in the Italian Risorgimento. Biography Guerrazzi was born in the seaport of Livorno, then part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. He st ...

** Margaret King **

* Zoologist Enrico Hillyer Giglioli

Faculty and staff

Prominent scholars who have taught at the University of Pisa include: In science: * Anatomists

Lorenzo Bellini Lorenzo Bellini (3 September 1643 – 8 January 1704), Italian physician and anatomist. Life He was born at Florence on the September 3, 1643. At the age of twenty, when he had already begun his researches on the structure of the kidneys and had ...

and Marcello Malpighi * Chemist Robert Schiff * Computer scientist

Egon Börger Egon Börger (born 13 May 1946) is a German-born computer scientist based in Italy. Life and work Börger was born in Bad Laer, Westphalia, Lower Saxony, Germany. Between 1965 and 1971 he studied at the Sorbonne, Paris (France), Université Cath ...

* Engineer **

Corradino D'Ascanio General Corradino D'Ascanio (1 February 1891 in Popoli, Pescara – 6 August 1981 in Pisa) was an Italian aeronautical engineer. D'Ascanio designed the first production helicopter, for Agusta, and designed the first motor scooter for Ferdin ...

Sami Barmada Acronyms * SAMI, ''Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange'', a closed-captioning format developed by Microsoft * Saudi Arabian Military Industries, a government-owned defence company * South African Malaria Initiative, a virtual expertise net ...

* Mathematicians ** Eugenio Beltrami ** Enrico Bombieri ** Giovanni Alfonso Borelli **

Sergio Campanato Sergio Campanato (17 February 1930 – 1 March 2005) was an Italian mathematician who studied the theory of regularity for elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations. Career He graduated in mathematics and physics at the Universit ...

** Benedetto Castelli **

Corrado De Concini Corrado de Concini (born 28 July 1949 in Rome) is an Italian mathematician and professor at the Sapienza University of Rome. He studies algebraic geometry, quantum groups, invariant theory, and mathematical physics. Life and work He was born i ...

** Ennio De Giorgi **

Luigi Guido Grandi Guido Grandi Dom Guido Grandi, O.S.B. Cam. (1 October 1671 – 4 July 1742) was an Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer. Life Grandi was born on 1 October 1671 in Cremona, Italy and christened Luigi ...

** Alessandro Marchetti **

Claudio Procesi Claudio Procesi (born 31 March 1941 in Rome) is an Italian mathematician, known for works in algebra and representation theory. Career Procesi studied at the Sapienza University of Rome, where he received his degree (Laurea) in 1963. In 1966 he ...

Leonida Tonelli Leonida Tonelli (19 April 1885 – 12 March 1946) was an Italian mathematician, noted for creating Tonelli's theorem, a variation of Fubini's theorem, and for introducing semicontinuity methods as a common tool for the direct method in the calc ...

* Pathologist Angelo Maffucci * Physicians

Pietro Grocco Pietro Grocco (27 June 1856, Albonese - 12 February 1916, Courmayeur) was an Italian physician. Background In 1879 Grocco received his medical doctorate from the University of Pavia, afterwards continuing his education in Paris and Vienna. In 188 ...

and Paolo Mascagni * Physicists **

Bernard H. Lavenda Bernard Howard Lavenda (born September 18, 1945) is a retired professor of chemical physics at the University of Camerino and expert on irreversible thermodynamics. He has contributed to many areas of physics, including that of Brownian motion, a ...

** Carlo Matteucci **

Roy McWeeny Roy McWeeny (19 May 1924 – 29 April 2021) was a British academic physicist and chemist. McWeeny was born in Bradford, Yorkshire in May 1924. His first degree was in physics from the University of Leeds. He then obtained a D.Phil. in mathematic ...

** Giulio Racah **

Gian-Carlo Wick Gian Carlo Wick (15 October 1909 – 20 April 1992) was an Italian theoretical physicist who made important contributions to quantum field theory. The Wick rotation, Wick contraction, Wick's theorem, and the Wick product are named after him.

* Zoologist Enrica Calabresi In other fields: * Economist Giuseppe Toniolo * Egalitarian

Philippe Buonarroti :''See also Filippo Buonarroti (1661–1733).'' Filippo Giuseppe Maria Ludovico Buonarroti, more usually referred to under the French version Philippe Buonarroti (11 November 1761 – 16 September 1837), was an Italian utopian socialist, wri ...

, 18th century utopian socialist, revolutionary, journalist, writer, agitator, and

freemason Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...

, mainly active in France * Historians **

Jože Pirjevec Jože Pirjevec (born 1 June 1940), registered at birth Giuseppe Pierazzi because of the Italianization#Istria, Julian March and Dalmatia, Italianization policy under the Fascist regime, is a Slovenes, Slovene–Italy, Italian historian and a promi ...

, Slovene historian from Italy, one of the most prominent diplomatic historians of the west

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

region, and member of the

Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( sl, Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti (SAZU)) is the national academy of Slovenia, which encompasses science and the arts and brings together the top Slovene researchers and artists as members o ...

** Pasquale Villari * Journalist Luciano Bianciardi, translator and writer of short stories and novels * Jurists **

Francesco Accarigi Francesco Accarigi (c.1557–1622) was an Italian jurist and professor of civil law at the University of Siena in Tuscany. Born in Macerata, he spent much of his life in Siena, and was considered a native of the latter city. In his youth, Acc ...

Carlo Costamagna Carlo Costamagna (21 September 1881, in Quiliano – 1 March 1965, in Pietra Ligure) was an Italian lawyer and academic noted as a theorist of corporatism. He worked closely with Benito Mussolini and his fascist movement. Path to fascism After ...

** Bartolus de Saxoferrato **

Baldus de Ubaldis Baldus de Ubaldis (Italian: ''Baldo degli Ubaldi''; 1327 – 28 April 1400) was an Italian jurist, and a leading figure in Medieval Roman Law and the school of Postglossators. Life A member of the noble family of the Ubaldi (Baldeschi), ...

* Linguist

Mauro Cristofani Mauro Cristofani (1941 in Rome, Italy – 1997) was a linguist and researcher in Etruscan studies. Biography Cristofani was a student of Massimo Pallottino and would himself teach at the University of Pisa, University of Siena and, his final post, ...

, researcher in

Etruscan __NOTOC__ Etruscan may refer to: Ancient civilization *The Etruscan language, an extinct language in ancient Italy *Something derived from or related to the Etruscan civilization **Etruscan architecture **Etruscan art **Etruscan cities **Etruscan ...

studies * Philosophers ** Armando Carlini **

Arnold Davidson Arnold Ira Davidson (born 1955) is an American philosopher and academic, and the Robert O. Anderson Distinguished Service Professor in Philosophy, Comparative Literature, History of Science, and Philosophy of Religion at the University of ...

Dominic of Flanders Dominic of Flanders ( la, Dominicus de Flandria, french: Dominique de Flandre) (ca. 1425–1479) was a French Flanders, French-Flemish Dominican Order, Dominican philosopher and Scholasticism, Scholastic author, known to have been a renowned Thomi ...

Lorenzo Magalotti Lorenzo Magalotti (24 October 1637 – 2 March 1712) was an Italian philosopher, author, diplomat and poet. Magalotti was born in Rome into an aristocratic family, the son of Ottavio Magalotti, Prefect of the Pontifical Mail: his uncle Lorenz ...

, author, diplomat and poet ** Ugo Spirito * Poets ** Italian-Jewish poet & patriot David Levi **

Valerio Magrelli Valerio Magrelli (born 1957, Rome) is an Italian poet. He graduated in philosophy at the University of Rome and is an expert in French literature which he has taught and teaches at University of Pisa and University of Cassino. He debuted as an a ...

Giovanni Pascoli Giovanni Placido Agostino Pascoli (; 31 December 1855 – 6 April 1912) was an Italian poet, classical scholar and an emblematic figure of Italian literature in the late nineteenth century. Alongside Gabriele D'Annunzio, he was one of the great ...

* 16th-century scholar

Girolamo Maggi Girolamo Maggi (1523, in Anghiari – 27 March 1572 in Constantinople), also known by his Latinization of names, Latin name Hieronymus Magius, was an Italian scholar, jurist, poet, military engineer, urban planning, urban planner, philology, phi ...

* Writer

Bernard Comment Bernard Comment (born 20 April 1960) is a Swiss writer, translator, scriptwriter, and publisher of books. Early life Bernard Comment was born in Porrentruy, Switzerland, on 20 April 1960. He is a son of the artist Jean-François Comment. His elde ...

In popular culture

The University of Pisa is mentioned in the film '' Don Juan'' (1926). The central character in the TV series My Brilliant Friend (based on the novel by Elena Ferrante) attends and graduated from the university.

References

External links

University of Pisa website

MSSE – Master of Science in Space Engineering
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Pisa University

University A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

Educational institutions established in the 14th century 1343 establishments in Europe Universities in Tuscany