Treaty of Knäred
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The Treaty of Knäred ( da, Freden i Knærød, sv, Freden i Knäred) was signed on 21 January 1613 and ended the
Kalmar War The Kalmar War (1611–1613) was a war between Denmark–Norway and Sweden. Though Denmark-Norway soon gained the upper hand, it was unable to defeat Sweden entirely. The Kalmar War was the last time Denmark-Norway successfully defended its ''dom ...
(1611–1613) between Denmark-Norway and
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...
. The peace negotiations came about under an English initiative. The peace was guaranteed by King
James I James I may refer to: People *James I of Aragon (1208–1276) *James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327) *James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu *James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347) *James I of Cyprus (1334–13 ...
of
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...
and VI of
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to ...
. The treaty was named after the village of
Knäred Knäred () is a locality situated in Laholm Municipality, Halland County, Sweden with 1,088 inhabitants in 2010. The Treaty of Knäred was signed there in 1613, when the province of Halland was still part of Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King C ...
in
Halland Halland () is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (''landskap''), on the western coast of Götaland, southern Sweden. It borders Västergötland, Småland, Scania and the sea of Kattegat. Until 1645 and the Second Treaty of Brömseb ...
, where it was signed at a border bridge in what was then the Danish Halland. The peace meant that the kingdoms restored the conquests made during the war. Under the terms of the treaty, Sweden would give back Jemtland and Herjedalen to Norway. Denmark-Norway would give back
Borgholm Borgholm () is a city and the seat of Borgholm Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 4,401 inhabitants in 2020. It is located on the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea, at the Kalmar Strait-side of Öland, north of Färjestaden. Borgholm is on ...
,
Kalmar Kalmar (, , ) is a city in the southeast of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. It had 36,392 inhabitants in 2010 and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality. It is also the capital of Kalmar County, which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of ...
and
Öland Öland (, ; ; sometimes written ''Øland'' in other Scandinavian languages, and often ''Oland'' internationally; la, Oelandia) is the second-largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden. Öland has an area ...
. As a result, Sweden also had to pay the Älvsborg Ransom of one million
Rixdollar Rixdollar is the English term for silver coinage used throughout the European continent (german: Reichsthaler, nl, rijksdaalder, da, rigsdaler, sv, riksdaler). The same term was also used of currency in Cape Colony and Ceylon. However, the R ...
s for the return of the fortress of Älvsborg. The ransom was paid by 1619.Gustavus Adolphus - Foreign Policy
/ref> A memorial stone over the site was erected between Knäred and
Markaryd Markaryd () is a locality and the seat of Markaryd Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden with 3,966 inhabitants in 2010. International relations Twin towns — Sister cities Markaryd is twinned with: * Bytów, Poland Poland, officia ...
in 1925 by the Halland Art Museum (''Hallands konstmuseum'').


See also

* ''
Dominium maris baltici The establishment of a , . ("Baltic Sea dominion") was one of the primary political aims of the Danish and Swedish kingdoms in the late medieval and early modern eras. Throughout the Northern Wars the Danish and Swedish navies played a second ...
'' *
List of Danish wars The Military history of Denmark is centered around an involvement in wars in Northern Europe since 793 and, recently, elsewhere. In the early Middle Ages, Danish Vikings invaded and conquered parts of the British Isles and Normandy. Later in ...
*
List of Swedish wars This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Sweden. There are legendary accounts of Swedish kings well into prehistory and they are mentioned by Tacitus in his ''Germania'', but St. Olof Skötkonung (995–1022) was the first ruler documen ...
*
List of treaties This list of treaties contains known agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups. Before 1200 CE 1200–1299 1300–1399 1400–1499 1500–1599 1600–1699 1700–1799 ...


References


External links


Hallands Konstmuseum website
Knared Knared Knared Knared 1613 in Denmark 1613 treaties Treaties of the Swedish Empire Treaties of Denmark–Norway 1613 in Sweden {{Sweden-hist-stub