The Transylvanian Mining Railway was a local interest narrow-gauge (760mm gauge) railway which was the first mining railway in Transylvania. This railway was built to ease the transportation of the iron ore mined from the iron ore mines from Ghelari to the blast furnace in Govăjdia and the ironworks from

Hunedoara Hunedoara (; german: Eisenmarkt; hu, Vajdahunyad ) is a municipiu, city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in southwestern Transylvania near the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, and administers five villages: Boș (''Bós''), Groș ...

. This railway was also known as the "Hunedoara-Ghelari Local Interest Railway", "CFI Hunedoara", " Mocăniţa Hunedoara", "Calea Ferată Minieră Ardeleană", "Erdélyi Bányavasút" in Hungarian. The line was long from Hunedoara to Govăjdia and another from Govăjdia to Retişoara

terminus Terminus may refer to: * Bus terminus, a bus station serving as an end destination * Terminal train station or terminus, a railway station serving as an end destination Geography *Terminus, the unofficial original name of Atlanta, Georgia, United ...

. This line was used by

mixed train A mixed train or mixed consist is a train that contains both passenger and freight cars or wagons. Although common in the early days of railways, by the 20th century they were largely confined to branch lines with little traffic. Typically, servic ...

s that carried both iron ore and passengers from Ghelari to Govăjdia and Hunedoara's ironworks. They also transported

dolomite Dolomite may refer to: *Dolomite (mineral), a carbonate mineral *Dolomite (rock), also known as dolostone, a sedimentary carbonate rock *Dolomite, Alabama, United States, an unincorporated community *Dolomite, California, United States, an unincor ...

and limestone from the

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

quarries near Govăjdia to the ironworks.

Line history

Earlier the

iron ore Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the fo ...

transport from the mines in

Ghelari Ghelari ( hu, Gyalár) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Ghelari, Govăjdia (''Govasdia''), Plop and Ruda.chutes and

tippler The tippler is a breed of domestic pigeon bred to participate in endurance competitions. Flying results of up to 22 hours (non-stop) have been reported. Origins The pigeon evolved from the rock pigeon (''Columba livia'') that is endemic ...

s of the

ironworks An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made. The term is both singular and plural, i.e. the singular of ''ironworks'' is ''ironworks''. Ironworks succeeded bloomeri ...

from

Govăjdia The Govăjdia (also: ''Runc'') is a left tributary of the river Cerna in Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Eu ...

was done by horses with two baskets attached on each side or other hired carriers until the demand and the price for the transported iron ore rose in 1859 from 18.6 Fillér/1 quintal to 53.6

Fillér ''Fillér'' () was the name of various small-denomination coins throughout Hungarian history. It was the subdivision of the Austro-Hungarian and the Hungarian korona, the pengő and the forint. The name derives from the German word (four). Ori ...

quintal The quintal or centner is a historical unit of mass in many countries which is usually defined as 100 base units, such as pounds or kilograms. It is a traditional unit of weight in France, Portugal, and Spain and their former colonies. It is com ...

of transported iron ore. Because of the rising expenses for the transportation of iron ore, the administration was forced to replace the transport system. In 1859 they started digging a 600-metre-long tunnel from the main mine in Ghelari to Retişoara's valley which was completed in 1866 at a cost of 111,768 Krones and 50 Fillérs. Meanwhile, they built a 790-metre-long, 633 mm gauge railway specially for horse-drawn ore cars. At the end of the line they built a 160-metre-long chute where they dumped the iron ore to the Retişoara's valley floor which was 90–100 m lower than the level of the tunnel's exit. After the ore was dumped down the chute, the carriers transported the ore to the

Govăjdia Blast Furnace __NOTOC__ The Govăjdia Blast Furnace is a disused blast furnace in Govăjdia village, Ghelari Commune, Hunedoara County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. An earlier blast furnace had been set up at Toplița in 1781, but the quantity of raw ...

which was 4 km away. Thanks to these investments they have managed to lower the prices for the transported ore from 30 Fillérs to 10 Fillérs, but the ironworks from Govăjdia received less iron ore because the transporters came up with new demands which rushed the construction of the railway to the blast furnace in Govăjdia. CFI Retisoara 1

The altitude difference between the "Lukács László" mining face from the central mine in Ghelari and the throat of the blast furnace in Govăjdia was 260 metres; to compensate they built a 5120-metre-long, 633 mm gauge, divided in three sections by the chutes from Nădrab and Retişoara at a total cost of 20,000 Krones. Later theye built two water-driven jaw crushers for the iron ore. The last section of the Retişoara-Govăjdia line was completed in July 1871 and handed over for use. After the opening of the line and chutes, the transported iron ore cost dropped to 7 Fillérs for each quintal of transported iron ore. In 1888 the chutes were replaced by

inclined plane An inclined plane, also known as a ramp, is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle from the vertical direction, with one end higher than the other, used as an aid for raising or lowering a load. The inclined plane is one of the six clas ...

s (

funicular A funicular (, , ) is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite en ...

), the first one 140 metres long at Nădrab, and the other 260 metres long at Retişoara. After the construction of the ironworks at Hunedoara in 1882, the large quantity of iron ore mined from Ghelari could not be transported to Hunedoara by the existing systems. For that, it was necessary to build a separate transport system. Because of economic and geographic problems, they opted for the construction of a

ropeway conveyor A material ropeway, ropeway conveyor (or aerial tramway in the US) is a subtype of gondola lift, from which containers for goods rather than passenger cars are suspended. Description Material ropeways are typically found around large mining conc ...

system. Its construction was completed in 1884, which ensured entirely the ore necessities of the first three

blast furnace A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. ''Blast'' refers to the combustion air being "forced" or supplied above atmospheric ...

s from Hunedoara. Ghelari plan inclinat mina principala

However, after the start of the 4th blast furnace the existing ropeway conveyor system proved to be insufficient in ensuring the iron ore needs for all four blast furnaces, so they decided to build a second ropeway conveyor system between Ghelari and Hunedoara parallel to the existing one. Considering the high costs of transportation for the iron ore and charcoal to the blast furnaces from Govăjdia and Hunedoara, in 1897 they decided on a radical overhaul of the transport system. This is how the "Transylvanian Mining Railway" was built where to the Retişoara's terminus arrives the iron ore mined from the mines of Ghelari which is transported to the iron works from Govăjdia and Hunedoara. The construction of the Transylvanian mining railway determined the radical overhaul of the Ghelari central mine's transport system, so it became necessary to descend the entire quantity of mined ore to the "Kerpely"

mine face In mining, the face is the surface where the mining work is advancing. In surface mining it is commonly called pit face, in underground mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usua ...

adit which was connected by railway to the "Lukács László" tunnel by extending the

adit An adit (from Latin ''aditus'', entrance) is an entrance to an underground mine which is horizontal or nearly horizontal, by which the mine can be entered, drained of water, ventilated, and minerals extracted at the lowest convenient level. Adits ...

and the extension of this adit could have been done with modest costs. The construction of the "Lukács László" tunnel was started in 1898 from two directions and met in the middle in 1899, the tunnel was 504,9 metres long along with the "Lukács László" adit reached 754 metres. The two entrances of the tunnel were lined with stone, for the rest of the tunnel lining was not necessary because it was passing through solid

shale Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especial ...

. The tunnel is 20 metres lower than the tunnel built in 1863, so because of the incline the water coming from the upper tunnel flowed down to the lower tunnel. Through the "Lukács László" tunnel from the inclined plane, a 633mm gauge,

electrified railway A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electric railways use either electric locomotives (hauling passengers or freight in separate cars), ele ...

with an incline of 4

‰ Per mille (from Latin , "in each thousand") is an expression that means parts per thousand. Other recognised spellings include per mil, per mill, permil, permill, or permille. The associated sign is written , which looks like a percent sig ...

was built to the "Kerpely" adit where formally a horse-drawn existed and was electrified, also the inclined plane from Retişoara valley was overhauled to lower and raise 4 filled ore cars and 4 empty ore cars on the two platforms. The inclined plane worked by gravity so the weight of the first platform with the filled ore cars descending to the valley floor, pulled up via a cable the platform with the empty ore cars. The iron ore lowered on the inclined plane was forwarded via an 850-metre-long electrified (sometimes helped by a steam locomotive) which started from the base of the inclined plane and ended at the Retişoara's terminus where three electrically driven

jaw crusher A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, sand or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce ...

s were installed to crush and sort the iron ore into eight class loading bins where they loaded the iron ore into the cars of the train from where the iron ore was transported to the ironworks from Govăjdia and Hunedoara. The trackbed preparation work began in 1888 and in 1897 and 1898 were so advanced, that for the line construction the decision steps were made after the connection of the Ghelari mine railway to the Retişoara inclined plane and after the overhaul of the Retişoara inclined plane, further more the legal occupation of the necessary terrain for the railway has started, the surveying of the trackbed was done successfully between January 9–13, 1899, the ministry of commerce asked for a visit from the government that was held at the Hunedoara town hall on 14 February 1899, the construction authorization was given verbally on the mining company's responsibility. The construction of the railway was started at the beginning of spring, on 4 March 1899 with the ceremonial first hoe stroke. The contract for the construction and usage of the railway was made between three Austrian companies called Gfrerer, Schoch and Grossmann under the ordinance number 24089 from 15 March 1899 issued by the Hungarian Kingdom's Finance Ministry. The Transylvanian Mining Railway starts at Hunedoara, passes over the Zlaşti valley, and through the 747 meter tunnel at Căţănaş into Govăjdia valley from where it goes to Retişoara valley that belongs to Ghelari, where it ends at the base of the inclined plane at a total length of 16 km, with a 760mm gauge built exclusively for steam locomotive usage, the highest incline on the open line was 27‰, in the stations 25‰, the tightest turn radius on the open track was 50 metres, in stations 50 metres. The weight of the steel rails used was 13.75 kg/m with usage of jointed tracks that were mounted on ties that were so densely placed so under the 2.5-ton weight exerted by each wheel, would not surpass 1 ton on each cm². The distance between tracks in the stations measured from the centre was 3 metres, considering the largest with of the rolling stock of 2,2 metere. The ties were trapezoid shaped, made of oak, at a length of 1,5 metres each, 12 cm high, bottom 20 cm wide, top 14 cm wide. The Transylvanian Mining Railway had four stations, at Hunedoara, Govăjdia, Nădrab and Retişoara, and four halts: two at Zlaşti, one at Căţănaş and one at Tulea. The Hunedoara's West station was 5,35 metres higher than the upper factory railway leading to the throat of the number 4 blast furnace, and 6,65 above the level of the throat of the number 4 blast furnace. The lines of the station were connected to the factory's upper ore tipplers where the iron

ore Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.Encyclopædia Britannica. "Ore". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 7 April 2 ...

filled cars were shunted in by a locomotive and emptied. The station was also connected to the charcoal tipplers. Here they also emptied the limestone. The line was also connected via a metal bridge to the earlier mentioned

charcoal Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, cal ...

tipplers where the charcoal transported from the charcoal kilns in the Poiana Ruscă mountains and emptied here. For the transportation of iron ore on regular railway, a transfer station was built to transfer the iron ore from the narrow-gauge ore cars to the regular gauge cars. The exclusively mountain specific, mining railway with the high incline, three tunnels (the longest at 747 meters), with numerous artworks, exquisite metallic bridges, had a positive impact on the development and value of the two ironworks, also helped on the improvement of the image and installations of the ironworks, so it proved to be a real success for the local iron ore mining and the two ironworks. The construction of the railway was constructed on the mining company's own expense, until 1906 the construction and conversion to a local interest railway cost 3,655,000 krones, and another 300,000 krones calculated for a 30-year usage after the opening, so the railway is passed freely into the property and administration of the state

Treasury A treasury is either *A government department related to finance and taxation, a finance ministry. *A place or location where treasure, such as currency or precious items are kept. These can be state or royal property, church treasure or in p ...

Galeria de coasta Ferentz Iosif si planul inclinat

On the railway they were compelled to transport to Hunedoara at least 180000 tonnes of ore yearly (to Govăjdia 20000 tonnes of ore yearly at a cost of 60–140 Fillér per ton), and also around 9000 tonnes of other materials and blast furnace products from Govăjdia yearly towards Hunedoara at a unitary price of 1,2 Fillér, in case of higher traffic the transport costs would be lowered accordingly. The notes gathered by the Hungarian Kingdom's ministry of commerce at the time of visit of the government, were approved under the ordinance number 14230 on 27 April 1899, in the meantime the construction authorization was finally given. The mining railway was finalized under 19 months according to the construction contract. The inspection of the line was done on 29 September 1900 and handed over for use. In the second half of November 1900 the first test transport was also done to the contract accordingly when the line's transport simplification capacity was proven. The above-mentioned installations were put in use and handed over for traffic in the autumn of 1900. On the Transylvanian mining railway from the opening, the following iron ore quantity was transported: *1900 – 20,380.8 T *1901 – 188,920.2 T *1902 – 206,507.2 T *1903 – 204,323.3 T *1904 – 184,302.9 T *1905 – 169,076.4 T This railway was operated non-stop through the two world wars as a local interest railway with mixed trains. In the 1950s the original locomotives were replaced by 11 steam locomotives built at Reşiţa. The loco shed at Govăjdia was demolished and a new loco shed at Hunedoara was built on a hill near the Corvin's Castle. The original West-station building at Hunedoara was demolished and a new station building was built, the tracks were realigned and a delta junction was constructed around the station building, where they rotated the locomotives without a turn table. Hunedoara's west station was the first station in Europe where the locomotives could circle around the station building. The terminus at Retişoara along with the last three km of railway were closed in the early 1970s, after a different tunnel was constructed in the mid-1960s between the underground mines from Ghelari and the iron ore processing plant from Teliucu Inferior. In 1967 a dolomite and talc quarry was opened at Crăciuneasa hamlet near Govăjdia, in the same time the terminus was built at Crăciuneasa called "Staţia Finală" which was located at 13 km from Hunedoara. From here they transported dolomite, limestone, and talc to the limeworks from Zlaşti and to Hunedoara steel works. In 1976 the entire line received major overhaul by replacing the 14 kg/m rails in to 40 kg/m type rails that were produced in Reşiţa. In the late 1970s-early 1980s the old Reşiţa steam locomotives were replaced by five 450 horsepower "Bo-BoDh" type "L45H" class diesel-hydraulic, locomotives; and one L35H class hydraulic locomotive, that were produced by the "Faur" factories from Bucharest. The original 7 ton capacity ore cars were replaced by "K" type

hopper car A hopper car (US) or hopper wagon ( UIC) is a type of railroad freight car used to transport loose bulk commodities such as coal, ore, grain, and track ballast. Two main types of hopper car exist: covered hopper cars, which are equipped with a ...

s with capacities between 20–20 tons each with four axles mounted on two bogies. One Reşiţa steam locomotive number 12F was transformed into a mobile heating unit for passenger cars in winters. In 1990 the passenger service ceased, meantime at the loco shed worked around 120 employees in three shifts which were conductors, mechanics, drivers, track maintenance, etc. They coupled to the trains tourist cars on demand. The original Zlaşti valley viaduct was replaced in the summer of 1992 to support greater loads. On the 13 km long segment they transported dolomite, talc and limestone to the limeworks from Zlaşti and the steelworks in Hunedoara until 2000. Halta District langa depou, Oct 1995

In 2000 the Austrian company who built the line sent a letter to the management who owned the limeworks from Zlaşti and operated this railway, that the 100-year warranty of the bridges was expiring, and it's necessary for an inspection for all of the bridges. After this letter, in 2001 the management of the limeworks decided to remove and scrap 11 km of line between Crăciuneasa terminus and the Zlaşti limeworks, not considering the touristic and historical value. They scrapped the bridges, but on the perseverance of the villagers they left one original bridge at Govăjdia for pedestrian use. Meanwhile, they scrapped some of the old rolling stock and locomotives, and some of the rolling stock was saved and exported. The last three bridges and the last 2,3 km long segment operated until October 2008 for transportation of limestone from the improvised loading station made in the former West-Station of Hunedoara, until the limeworks at Zlaşti. In the summer of 2009 due to economical reasons the management of the limeworks decided to scrap the last 2,3 segment of railway. The scrapping began on 19 June 2009 with the scrapping of the second curved bridge from Canton 1 Zlaşti. On 6 July 2009 they started the removal and scrapping of the railway. Some of the rails were recovered and sold as second-hand rails for other railways. The last two L45H class diesel-hydraulic locos and the last ten "K" type hopper cars were transported to Crişcior for restoration and further use. The first curved bridge's segments were transported to Crişcior in February 2010 for restoration and use on the forestry line in Moldoviţa.

The tunnels

There are three tunnels on the line: * The first tunnel is at 5 km from Hunedoara, it is a 747 m long straight

tunnel A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube cons ...

. The construction of this tunnel started in 1888 and lasted 12 years. The tunnel was designed by two Italian engineer brothers. The digging of the tunnel was started by two teams on both sides of the mountain and meeting in the middle in 1894. The finishing work lasted another six years until the line opening in 1900. The tunnel is passing through solid limestone uniting Zlaşti valley to Govăjdia valley, with a maximum incline of 27‰ from Zlaşti. The entrances and some sections of the tunnel's inside were lined with stone, other sections had the sidewalls lined with

concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most wi ...

with the ceilings lined with

brick A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term ''brick'' denotes a block composed of dried clay, but is now also used informally to denote other chemically cured cons ...

. Some sections of the tunnel have bare rock walls where reinforcement was not necessary. There are sections in the tunnel where

groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available freshwater in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolidate ...

is seeping in. Inside the tunnel at every 50 metres in the left wall they constructed alcoves for people caught in the tunnel when the train was coming. @Tulea, March 2010 (63)

A local company removed and scrapped the tracks after 2001. Today the tunnel is in excellent condition, it is open and can be traversed by bicycle, on foot or by motorized all-terrain vehicles serving as a shortcut from Hunedoara to Govăjdia. @Nădrab, March 2010 (1)

* The second tunnel is at 8 km from Hunedoara at Tulea hamlet from Govăjdia. It is a 42-metre-long curved tunnel serving as a passing through a crest of the mountain. This tunnel is also lined with stone, on the keystone of the tunnel's east portal the date can be seen "1900.12.4". Same as the 747 m tunnel they removed scrapped the tracks after 2001. The tunnel is in excellent condition; it can be passed only by pedestrians. It cannot be passed through by bicycle or motorized land vehicles because of the dense vegetation. * The third tunnel is passing through a crest of the mountain located at km 13+520 from Hunedoara, at the confluences of Nădrab and Retişoara rivers. It is a 44-metre-long curved tunnel which has an inside lined with concrete, and the

ceiling A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the roof structure or the floor of a story above. Ceilings ...

has traces of

soot Soot ( ) is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. It is more properly restricted to the product of the gas-phase combustion process but is commonly extended to include the residual pyrolysed ...

from the early

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...

s. The tracks here were removed and scrapped in the early 1990s, after the Retişoara terminus was closed in the 1970s. The west portal of this tunnel and a section of the

trackbed The track bed or trackbed is the groundwork onto which a railway track is laid. Trackbeds of disused railways are sometimes used for recreational paths or new light rail links. According to Network Rail, the trackbed is the layers of ballast a ...

is buried under the spoil dump which came from the

quarry A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground. The operation of quarries is regulated in some jurisdictions to reduce their envi ...

dolomite and

talc Talc, or talcum, is a Clay minerals, clay mineral, composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Talc in powdered form, often combined with corn starch, is used as baby powder. This mineral is used as a thi ...

from Crăciuneasa

hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. Set in Denmark, the play depicts ...

. The tunnel can be approached only on foot.

The bridges

On the "Transylvanian Mining Railway" before 1900 were mounted 16

rivet A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed, a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite to the head is called the ''tail''. On installation, the rivet is placed in a punched ...

metal A metal (from Greek μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typicall ...

lic

bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...

s of which six were

viaduct A viaduct is a specific type of bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide v ...

s. The rest were between 3 and 15 meters in length over different obstacles (

gorge A canyon (from ; archaic British English spelling: ''cañon''), or gorge, is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosion, erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales. Rivers have a natural tenden ...

s, rivers,

trench A trench is a type of excavation or in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully, or ditch), and narrow compared with its length (as opposed to a simple hole or pit). In geology, trenches result from eros ...

es). The two viaducts from the Retişoara valley were scrapped in the early 1990s. The rest of the bridges and viaducts were scrapped between 2001 and 2003, leaving the first and second curved bridges and the 114 long, "S" shaped viaduct over the Zlaşti valley, which was completely replaced in the summer of 1992. On 19 June 2009 the management of the Zlaşti limeworks for economic reasons decided to scrap the second curved bridge near Canton 1 Zlaşti. The first curved bridge was uninstalled in February 2010 and sold to an Austrian manager who is settled to

Brad Brad may refer to: * Brad (given name), a masculine given name Places * Brad, Hunedoara, a city in Hunedoara County, Romania * Brad, a village in Berești-Bistrița Commune, Bacău County, Romania * Brad, a village in Filipeni, Bacău, Romania * ...

Hunedoara county Hunedoara County () is a county ('' județ'') of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion. Name In Hungarian, it is known as , in German as , and in Slovak as ...

has a workshop at Crişcior, Hunedoara county and is specialized in restoring

narrow-gauge A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than standard . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with tighter curves, smaller structur ...

rolling sock and

infrastructure Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and priv ...

. Today the Zlaşti valley viaduct, the original metallic bridge from Govăjdia and the

pillars A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression (physical), compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column i ...

and

abutments An abutment is the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam supporting its superstructure. Single-span bridges have abutments at each end which provide vertical and lateral support for the span, as well as acting as retaining walls ...

of the former bridges remain.

Locomotives and rolling stock

On the railway since the line opening ran Hungarian MÁVAG 51 class steam locomotives which were replaced in the 1950s by eleven Reşiţa type, 150

horsepower Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are the ...

steam locomotives. Between the late 1970s and mid-1980s the Reşiţa steam locomotives were replaced by five L45H class, 450 horsepower diesel-hydraulic locomotives that were produced in the

Faur FAUR S.A. is an industrial engineering and manufacturing company based in Bucharest, Romania. History FAUR was founded by Nicolae Malaxa in 1921 under the name MALAXA. Main activities were the repairing of rolling stock, manufacturing steam loc ...

(23 August) factories in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

. The first hopper cars had a 7-ton capacity each, ran on two axles with manual actuated braking systems. The old hopper cars were replaced in the early 1980s with 20 ton and 22 ton capacity "K" type hopper cars, that ran on four

axle An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearing ...

s mounted in two

bogie A bogie ( ) (in some senses called a truck in North American English) is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transp ...

s, the cars had

pneumatic Pneumatics (from Greek ‘wind, breath’) is a branch of engineering that makes use of gas or pressurized air. Pneumatic systems used in Industrial sector, industry are commonly powered by compressed air or compressed inert gases. A central ...

braking system A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. Background ...

s, only the unloading mechanism was actuated manually. The first passenger cars were brought from Hungary, that were replaced in the early 1960s with passenger cars brought from the Unio factory from

Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...

. In 2001 they scrapped some of the extra rolling stock, along with the old steam locomotives, hopper cars and passenger cars. Some locomotives and rolling stock were sold to serve on other narrow-gauge lines from Romania or abroad. The last two L45H class locomotives and the last ten "K" type hopper cars were used until the autumn of 2008 for transportation of limestone from the improvised loading station at Hunedoara West-Station to the limeworks from Zlaşti. In the autumn of 2009 the last two locomotives and hopper cars were transported to the central workshops at Crişcior for restoration and further use on other railways.

Current state

When the scrapping of the last section of the railway had begun in the summer of 2009, a group representing the youth in Hunedoara started protesting against the destruction but they were ignored by the local authorities and the limeworks management and the scrapping was continued until no track was left. The group have not given up, and persevered on protesting. They have created webpages where this line was promoted on the internet using photographs from when the railway was working. They continue insisting on the authorities that this railway if rebuilt will help on the development of tourism near Hunedoara. The line could be included in a tourist circle starting from the Corvin's Castle. The line could also be rebuilt by EU funds for tourism infrastructure. In the summer of 2010 a committee from the culture ministry was sent to inspect what could be saved and classed urgently as a historical monument. This status was accorded on 22 July 2010 temporarily for one year for what is left of this railway. Under this period the local authorities were compelled to produce the necessary documents for this line to receive the permanent historical monument status. On 2 April 2011 a group of around 200 young

volunteers Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve ...

decided to clear the vegetation off the trackbed. To this volunteering action participated the

boy scouts Boy Scouts may refer to: * Boy Scout, a participant in the Boy Scout Movement. * Scouting, also known as the Boy Scout Movement. * An organisation in the Scouting Movement, although many of these organizations also have female members. There are ...

from Ghelari with their leaders, the volunteers from the "Prietenii Mocăniţei" associaţion from

Sibiu Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Ci ...

and some students from a

university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

from

Cluj Napoca ; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = Counties of Romania, County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Subdivisions of Romania, Status , subdivision_name2 ...

. They wanted to demonstrate to the local authorities that this line needs to be rebuilt and everyone wants this line to work again. In the summer of 2011 the temporary historic monument status had expired since the local authorities failed to produce the necessary documents. The local authorities promised that they are going to start the procedure for the reconstruction of the railway, but for now they are only promises. The youth of Hunedoara continues to fight for the reconstruction of the railway. Today the trackbed, the viaduct's frame over the Zlaşti valley, the original bridge in Govăjdia, the three tunnels, the derelict locoshed and the remains of the bridges can be visited. On 31 May 2013 the Hunedoara county council gave a positive vote for the takeover of the Zlaşti valley viaduct which was owned by a local company and decided to donate-it to the county council so it could be used for the accessing of EU funds for the reconstruction of the railway. Further negotiations are carried out for the takeover of the trackbed and annexes from another company that owns them.

Picture gallery

File:CFI_Hunedoara_02.jpg, The Zlaşti valley viaduct under construction when they performed load trials (August 1900) File:CFI_Hunedoara_03.jpg, The Zlaşti valley viaduct after completion (September 1900) File:CFI_Hunedoara_01.jpg, The Zlaşti valley viaduct after completion (1904) File:CFI Hunedoara 04.jpg, The curved bridge at Canton 1 Zlaşti (1905) File:CFI_Hunedoara_05.jpg, The 747 meter tunnel's Govăjdia side (1904) File:CFI_Hunedoara_06.jpg, Canton 3, Căţănaş halt (1905) File:CFI_Hunedoara_07.jpg, The three bridges near Tulea, Govăjdia (September 1900) File:CFI_Hunedoara_08.jpg, The train station in Govăjdia (1905) File:Halta_Nadrab_(1).jpg, The Nădrab halt and the viaduct for the line leading to the tipplers for the blast furnace in Govăjdia (1905) File:CFI_Hunedoara_10.jpg, The line opening ceremony held at the Retişoara terminus (29 September 1900) File:CFI_Hunedoara_09.jpg, A diesel shunting locomotive at the Retişoara terminus (around 1910) File:Steam_train_passing_Zlaşti_viaduct_1930-1940.jpg, The steam train passing Zlaşti valley viaduct around 1930-1940 File:Primul_pod_curb_(1).jpg, The mixed train on the first curved bridge near the Corvin's Castle (photo: Oliver Wileczelek, 26 September 1995) File:Locomotiva L30H, Oct. 1995.jpg, Faur L30H class, 300 horsepower diesel-hydraulic locomotive (photo: Oliver Wileczelek, 26 September 1995) File:CFI_Hunedoara_11.JPG, The English replica of the original Hungarian timetable File:Mocanita3.jpg, The mixed train on the first curved bridge near the Corvin's Castle.(photo: Steve Thomason, 10 June 1998) File:Piloni_pod_canton1.JPG, Dismantled curve bridge piers near Canton 1 Zlaşti (scrapped 19 June 2009)

References

{{reflist

External links

Transylvanian Mining Railway on OpenStreetMap

Old and recent photos about the Transylvanian Mining Railway on Panoramio

The page of this line on Facebook

The official webpage of this line in English on Wordpress
Iron ore railways Mining in Romania 760 mm gauge railways in Romania Mining railways Transylvania