A
system is said to be transient or in a transient state when a process variable or variables have been changed and the system has not yet reached a
steady state
In systems theory, a system or a process is in a steady state if the variables (called state variables) which define the behavior of the system or the process are unchanging in time. In continuous time, this means that for those properties ''p' ...
. The time taken for the circuit to change from one steady state to another steady state is called the transient time.
Examples
Chemical Engineering
When a
chemical reactor
A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. In chemical engineering, it is generally understood to be a process vessel used to carry out a chemical reaction, which is one of the classic unit operations in chem ...
is being brought into operation, the concentrations, temperatures, species compositions, and reaction rates are changing with time until operation reaches its nominal process variables.
Electrical engineering
When a
switch
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type of ...
is flipped in an appropriate electrical circuit containing a
capacitor
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field by virtue of accumulating electric charges on two close surfaces insulated from each other. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals.
The effect of ...
or
inductor
An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. An inductor typically consists of an insulated wire wound into a c ...
, the component draws out the resulting change in voltage or current (respectively), causing the system to take a substantial amount of time to reach a new
steady state
In systems theory, a system or a process is in a steady state if the variables (called state variables) which define the behavior of the system or the process are unchanging in time. In continuous time, this means that for those properties ''p' ...
.
We can define a transient by saying that when a quantity is at rest or in uniform motion and a change in time takes place , changing the existing state , a transient has taken place.
When a SCR (four-layer PNPN Device) is switched on we have the problem of transients occurring as a result of high values of current and voltage oscillating around the point before normal levels are obtained again. Filtering can prevent damage to SCR by means of LC filters, zener diodes, trans-zorps, and varistors.
[Industrial Electronics N3 , J Kraft]
See also
*
Attractor
In the mathematical field of dynamical systems, an attractor is a set of states toward which a system tends to evolve, for a wide variety of starting conditions of the system. System values that get close enough to the attractor values remain ...
*
Carrying capacity
*
Control theory
Control theory is a field of mathematics that deals with the control of dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines. The objective is to develop a model or algorithm governing the application of system inputs to drive the system to a ...
*
Dynamical system
In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space. Examples include the mathematical models that describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in ...
*
Ecological footprint
*
Economic growth
*
Engine test stand
An engine test stand is a facility used to develop, characterize and test engines. The facility, often offered as a product to automotive OEMs, allows engine operation in different operating regimes and offers measurement of several physical variab ...
*
Equilibrium point
In mathematics, specifically in differential equations, an equilibrium point is a constant solution to a differential equation.
Formal definition
The point \tilde\in \mathbb^n is an equilibrium point for the differential equation
:\frac = \ ...
*
List of types of equilibrium
{{Unreferenced, date=September 2022
This is a list of various types of equilibrium (disambiguation), equilibrium, the condition of a system in which all competing influences are balanced.
Biology
* Equilibrioception, the sense of a balance present ...
*
Evolutionary economics
Evolutionary economics is part of mainstream economics as well as a heterodox school of economic thought that is inspired by evolutionary biology. Much like mainstream economics, it stresses complex interdependencies, competition, growth, stru ...
*
Growth curve
*
Herman Daly
*
Homeostasis
In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) (/hɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/) is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and ...
*
Lead-lag compensator
*
Limit cycle
In mathematics, in the study of dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into it either as time approaches infinity o ...
*
Limits to Growth
''The Limits to Growth'' (''LTG'') is a 1972 report that discussed the possibility of exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources, studied by computer simulation. The study used the World3 computer model to simula ...
*
Population dynamics
*
Race condition
A race condition or race hazard is the condition of an electronics, software, or other system where the system's substantive behavior is Sequential logic, dependent on the sequence or timing of other uncontrollable events. It becomes a software ...
*
Simulation
A simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Simulations require the use of models; the model represents the key characteristics or behaviors of the selected system or process, whereas the s ...
*
State function
*
Steady state
In systems theory, a system or a process is in a steady state if the variables (called state variables) which define the behavior of the system or the process are unchanging in time. In continuous time, this means that for those properties ''p' ...
*
Steady state economy
A steady-state economy is an economy made up of a constant stock of physical wealth (capital) and a constant population size. In effect, such an economy does not grow in the course of time. The term usually refers to the national economy o ...
*
Steady State theory
In cosmology, the steady-state model, or steady state theory is an alternative to the Big Bang theory of evolution of the universe. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged due to a continuous ...
*
Systems theory
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or human-made. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structu ...
*
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics. It is an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by more or less permeable or impermeable walls. In the ...
*
Transient modelling
*
Transient response
In electrical engineering and mechanical engineering, a transient response is the response of a system to a change from an equilibrium or a steady state. The transient response is not necessarily tied to abrupt events but to any event that affec ...
References
Chemical process engineering
Electrical engineering
Systems theory
Control theory
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