Tomislav Maretić
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Tomislav Maretić (13 October 1854 – 15 January 1938) was a Croatian linguist and lexicographer. He was born in
Virovitica Virovitica () is a Croatian city near the Hungarian border. It is situated near the Drava river and belongs to the historic region of Slavonia. Virovitica has a population of 14,688, with 21,291 people in the municipality (census 2011). It is als ...
, where he attended primary school and the gymnasium in Varaždin, Požega and Zagreb. After graduating simultaneously Slavistics and Classical Philology at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Zagreb in a three-year program, he passes his teacher exam for high-school teaching of Ancient Greek and Latin as primary, and Croatian as a secondary course. In 1877 he works as a probationary, and since 1880 as an assistant teacher in Velika gimnazija in Zagreb. He received his Ph.D. in 1884 in
Slavic studies Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic areas, languages, literature, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was prim ...
and philosophy with the thesis ''O nekim pojavama kvantitete i akcenta u jeziku hrvatskom ili srpskom'' ("On some changes of quantity and accent in Croatian or Serbian language"). He further specialized in postdoctoral studies at the neogrammarian centers of Leipzig and Prague. He was appointed
professor extraordinarius Academic ranks in Germany are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Overview Appointment grades * (Pay grade: ''W3'' or ''W2'') * (''W3'') * (''W2'') * (''W2'', ...
for "Slavic philology with particular emphasis on Croatian and Serbian history of language and literature" in 1886 (since 1890 ordinary professor and
JAZU The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Croatica, hr, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. HAZU) is the national academy of Croatia. HAZU was founded under patronage of the Croatian bishop Jo ...
member). In 1892 at the electional list of Magyar unionist party he was elected as a representative of Gospić, and since 1900 of Slunj kotar. In the period 1915 - 1918 he served as the president of JAZU, and twice as the head of the philological-historical class of the Academy, first from 1906 to 1913, then a second time from 1919 to 1928. As a gymnasium student he published short literary works (signing as ''Tomislav''). In the 1880s he focused on Croatian orthography and alphabet issues, having published a few papers on it (the study ''"Historija hrvatskoga pravopisa latinskijem slovima"'') in which he was laying foundations for the acceptance of phonologically-based orthography. At the end of the 19th century he published two grammars: the "academic" (''"Gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika"'') and gymnasium (''"Gramatika hrvatskoga jezika za niže razrede srednjih škola"'', both in 1899) version, in which he completely directed grammatical norm of the Croatian literary language towards Neoštokavian. Those two grammars represent the final confrontation with the competing conception of
standard language A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect, and standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage, although occasionally the term refers to the entirety of a language that includes ...
advocated by
Zagreb philological school Zagreb philological school ( sh, Zagrebačka filološka škola) was a 19th-century philological school that operated in Zagreb, offering a set of solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of Croatian literary language. It was led by A ...
. Beside Ivan Broz, he was among the first Shtokavian purists. In 1907 he became editor of the massive dictionary compiled by the Academy, and until his death (from the lexeme ''maslo'' up to the lexeme ''pršutina'') he has edited approximately 5 500 pages which makes him one of the most prolific Croatian lexicographers. He studied the language of Slavonian and
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
n writers and folk epics. He translated works from Polish, Latin and Ancient Greek, and some of the most well-known Croatian translations of the world's literature classics ( Mickiewicz, Ovid, Virgil, Homer) are his work. In order to translate the classics he formed accentual hexameter which
Petar Skok Petar Skok (; 1 March 1881 – 3 February 1956) was a Croatian linguist and onomastics expert. History Skok was born to a Croatian family in the village of Jurkovo Selo, Žumberak. From 1892 to 1900 he attended the Higher Real Gymnasium in Rako ...
called ''"Maretić's life's work"''. By his beliefs Maretić is a
Croatian Vukovian Croatian Vukovians ( sh, hrvatski vukovci) refers to a group of Croatian linguists that were active at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Their work focused on the standardization of the Croatian variety of Serbo-Croatian ...
, the advocate of the Croatian and
Serbian Serbian may refer to: * someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe * someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people * Serbian language * Serbian names See also

* * * Old Serbian (disambiguat ...
linguistic unity and the usage of phonological orthography, idealizer of the ''"pure people's language"'' and of exclusively (Neo-)Štokavian basis of the Serbo-Croatian
standard language A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect, and standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage, although occasionally the term refers to the entirety of a language that includes ...
. He died in Zagreb.


Works

*Lekcionarij Bernarda Spljećanina, JAZU, 208 pp., Zagreb, 1885 *Nov prilog za istoriju akcentuacije hrvatske ili srpske, JAZU, 225 pp., Zagreb, 1885 *O narodnim imenima i prezimenima u Hrvata i Srba, JAZU, 150 pp., Zagreb, 1886 *Veznici u slovenskijem jezicima, JAZU, 299 pp., Zagreb, 1887 * Slaveni u davnini, Matica hrvatska, 256 pp., Zagreb, 1889 *Kosovski junaci i događaji u narodnoj epici, JAZU, 115 pp., Zagreb, 1889 *Istorija hrvatskoga pravopisa latinskijem slovima, JAZU, 406 pp., Zagreb, 1889 *Slavenski nominalni akcenat s obzirom na litavski, grčki i staroindijski, JAZU, 64 pp., Zagreb,1890 *Život i književni rad Franje Miklošića, JAZU, 113 pp., Zagreb, 1892 *Gramatika hrvatskoga jezika za niže razrede srednjih škola, Kugli, 270 pp., Zagreb, 1899 *Gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika, Kugli, 700 pp., Zagreb, 1899 *I. S. Turgenjev u hrvatskim i srpskim prijevodima, JAZU, 113 pp., Zagreb, 1904 *Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika: edited in multiple occasions more than 5 300 pages *Metrika narodnih naših pjesama, JAZU, 200 pp., Zagreb, 1907 *Naša narodna epika, JAZU, 263 pp., Zagreb, 1909 *Jezik slavonskijeh pisaca, JAZU, 88 pp., 1910 *Jezik dalmatinskijeh pisaca XVIII. vijeka, JAZU, 92 pp., Zagreb, 1916 *Hrvatski ili srpski «jezični savjetnik», Jugoslavenska njiva, 509 pp., Zagreb, 1923 *Metrika muslimanske narodne epike, JAZU, 138 pp., Zagreb, 1936


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maretic, Tomislav 1854 births 1938 deaths Linguists from Croatia People from Virovitica Members of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb alumni Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery Slavists