Tiwa (
Spanish ''Tigua'', also ''E-nagh-magh'') is a group of two, possibly three, related
Tanoan languages spoken by the
Tiwa Pueblo
In the Southwestern United States, Pueblo (capitalized) refers to the Native tribes of Puebloans having fixed-location communities with permanent buildings which also are called pueblos (lowercased). The Spanish explorers of northern New Spain ...
, and possibly
Piro Pueblo, in the
U.S. state of
New Mexico
)
, population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano)
, seat = Santa Fe, New Mexico, Santa Fe
, LargestCity = Albuquerque, New Mexico, Albuquerque
, LargestMetro = Albuquerque metropolitan area, Tiguex
, Offi ...
.
Subfamily members and relations
Southern Tiwa is spoken in by around 1,600 people in
Isleta Pueblo
Pueblo of Isleta ( tix, Shiewhibak , kjq, Dîiw'a'ane ; nv, Naatoohó ) is an unincorporated community and Tanoan pueblo in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States, originally established in the . The Southern Tiwa name of the pue ...
,
Sandia Pueblo
Sandia Pueblo (; Tiwa: Tuf Shur Tia) is a federally recognized tribe of Native American Pueblo people inhabiting a reservation of the same name in the eastern Rio Grande Rift of central New Mexico. It is one of 19 of New Mexico's Native Americ ...
, and
Ysleta del Sur Pueblo (Tigua Pueblo).
The remaining two languages form a subgrouping known as ''Northern Tiwa''. Northern Tiwa consists of
Taos
Taos or TAOS may refer to:
Places
* Taos, Missouri, a city in Cole County, Missouri, United States
* Taos County, New Mexico, United States
** Taos, New Mexico, a city, the county seat of Taos County, New Mexico
*** Taos art colony, an art colo ...
spoken by 800 people in
Taos Pueblo
Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos-speaking (Tiwa) Native American tribe of Puebloan people. It lies about north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico. The pueblos are considered to be one of the oldest ...
and
Picuris spoken by around 220 people in
Picuris Pueblo.
The extinct language of
Piro Pueblo may also have been a Tiwan language, but this is uncertain (see
Piro Pueblo language).
History
After the
Pueblo Revolt against the
Spanish conquistador
Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (, ; meaning 'conquerors') were the explorer-soldiers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires of the 15th and 16th centuries. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, ...
s in 1680, some of the Tigua and Piro peoples fled south with the Spanish to El Paso del Norte (present-day
Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Juárez ( ; ''Juarez City''. ) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is commonly referred to as Juárez and was known as El Paso del Norte (''The Pass of the North'') until 1888. Juárez is the seat of the Juà ...
,
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish language, Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a List of sovereign states, country in the southern portion of North America. It is borders of Mexico, bordered to the north by the United States; to the so ...
). There they founded Ysleta del Sur, Texas;
Socorro, Texas; and
Senecú del Sur, Mexico. Their descendants continued to live in these communities as late as 1996.
[Eickhoff, Randy Lee (1996) ''Exiled: The Tigua Indians of Ysleta del Sur,'' Republic of Texas Press, Plano, Texas, ]
See also
*
Jornada del Muerto
The name Jornada del Muerto translates from Spanish as "Single Day's Journey of the Dead Man" or even "Route of the Dead Man, though the modern literal translation is closer to "The Working Day of the Dead". It was the name given by the Spanish ...
Notes
Tanoan languages
Languages of the United States
Indigenous languages of the Southwestern United States
Indigenous languages of the North American Southwest
Tiwa
Pueblo culture
{{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub