This timeline highlights milestones in

women's suffrage in the United States In the 1700's to early 1800's New Jersey did allow Women the right to vote before the passing of the 19th Amendment, but in 1807 the state restricted the right to vote to "...tax-paying, white male citizens..." Women's legal right to vote w ...

, particularly the right of women to vote in elections at federal and state levels.

1780s

Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States

180px, Susan B. Anthony, 1870 Victoria Claflin Woodhull by Mathew Brady - Oval Portrait

1789: The

Constitution of the United States The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the natio ...

grants the states the power to set voting requirements. Generally, states limited this right to property-owning or tax-paying white males (about 6% of the population). However,

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

also gave the vote to unmarried and widowed women who met the

property qualification A property qualification is a clause or rule by which those without property (land), or those without property of a set appraised value, or those without income of a set value, are not enfranchised to vote in elections, to stand for election, to ...

s, regardless of color. Married women were not allowed to own property and hence could not vote.

1800s

1807: Voting rights are taken away from women in New Jersey.

1830s

1838: Kentucky passes the first statewide woman suffrage law allowing female heads of household in rural areas to vote in elections deciding on taxes and local boards for the new county "common school" system.

1840s

1848: The

Seneca Falls Convention The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman".Wellman, 2004, p. 189 Held in the Wesleyan Methodist Church ...

, the first

women's rights Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, ...

convention, is held in Seneca Falls, New York. Women's suffrage is proposed by

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton (November 12, 1815 – October 26, 1902) was an American writer and activist who was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S. during the mid- to late-19th century. She was the main force behind the 1848 Seneca ...

, and agreed to after an impassioned argument from

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 1817 or 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became ...

1850s

1850: The first

National Woman's Rights Convention The National Women's Rights Convention was an annual series of meetings that increased the visibility of the early women's rights movement in the United States. First held in 1850 in Worcester, Massachusetts, the National Women's Rights Convention ...

, in Worcester, Massachusetts, attracts more than 1,000 participants from 11 states. 1853: On the occasion of the World's Fair in New York City, suffragists hold a meeting in the Broadway Tabernacle.

1860s

1861–1865: The American Civil War. Most suffragists focus on the war effort, and suffrage activity is minimal. 1866: The

American Equal Rights Association The American Equal Rights Association (AERA) was formed in 1866 in the United States. According to its constitution, its purpose was "to secure Equal Rights to all American citizens, especially the right of suffrage, irrespective of race, color o ...

, working for suffrage for both women and African Americans, is formed at the initiative of

Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony (born Susan Anthony; February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to s ...

and

. 1867:

, and Lucy Stone address a subcommittee of the New York State Constitutional Convention requesting that the revised constitution include woman suffrage. Their efforts fail. 1867: Kansas holds a state referendum on whether to enfranchise women and/or black males. Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton traverse the state speaking in favor of women's suffrage. Both women's and black male suffrage is voted down. 1868: The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, introducing the word "male" into the Constitution for the first time, in Section 2 of the amendment. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Parker Pillsbury publish the first edition of The Revolution. This periodical carries the motto “Men, their rights and nothing more; women, their rights and nothing less!” Caroline Seymour Severance establishes the New England Woman’s Club. The “Mother of Clubs” sparked the club movement which became popular by the late nineteenth century. In Vineland, New Jersey, 172 women cast ballots in a separate box during the presidential election. Senator S.C. Pomeroy of Kansas introduces the federal woman’s suffrage amendment in Congress. Many early suffrage supporters, including Susan B. Anthony, remained single because in the mid-1800s, married women could not own property in their own rights and could not make legal contracts on their own behalf. The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified. "Citizens" and "voters" are defined exclusively as male. 1869: The

territory of Wyoming The Territory of Wyoming was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 25, 1868, until July 10, 1890, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Wyoming. Cheyenne was the territorial capital. The bo ...

is the first to grant unrestricted suffrage to women. 1869: The suffrage movement splits into the

National Woman Suffrage Association The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) was formed on May 15, 1869, to work for women's suffrage in the United States. Its main leaders were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. It was created after the women's rights movement s ...

and the American Woman Suffrage Association. The NWSA is formed by

and

after their accusing abolitionist and Republican supporters of emphasizing black civil rights at the expense of women's rights. The AWSA is formed by Lucy Stone,

Julia Ward Howe Julia Ward Howe (; May 27, 1819 – October 17, 1910) was an American author and poet, known for writing the " Battle Hymn of the Republic" and the original 1870 pacifist Mother's Day Proclamation. She was also an advocate for abolitionism ...

, and

Thomas Wentworth Higginson Thomas Wentworth Higginson (December 22, 1823May 9, 1911) was an American Unitarian minister, author, abolitionist, politician, and soldier. He was active in the American Abolitionism movement during the 1840s and 1850s, identifying himself with ...

, and it protests the confrontational tactics of the NWSA and ties itself closely to the Republican Party while concentrating solely on securing the vote for women state by state. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first president of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Julia Ward Howe was the first president of the American Woman Suffrage Association. 1869: The Anti-Sixteenth Amendment Society is formed.

1870s

1870: The Utah Territory grants suffrage to women. 1870: The

15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government and each state from denying or abridging a citizen's right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." It was ...

is adopted. The amendment holds that neither the United States nor any State can deny the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude," leaving open the right of States to deny the right to vote on account of sex.

and

oppose the amendment. Many of their former allies in the abolitionist movement, including Lucy Stone, support the amendment. 1871:

Victoria Woodhull Victoria Claflin Woodhull, later Victoria Woodhull Martin (September 23, 1838 – June 9, 1927), was an American leader of the women's suffrage movement who ran for President of the United States in the 1872 election. While many historians ...

speaks to the Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives, arguing that women have the right to vote under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, but the committee does not agree. 1871: The Anti-Suffrage Society is formed. 1872: A suffrage proposal before the Dakota Territory legislature loses by one vote. 1872:

registers and votes in Rochester, New York, arguing that the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives her that right. However, she is arrested a few days later.

was the first female to run for President of the United States, nominated by the Equal Rights Party, with a platform supporting women's suffrage and equal rights. 1873: The

trial of Susan B. Anthony ''United States v. Susan B. Anthony'' was the criminal trial of Susan B. Anthony in a U.S. federal court in 1873. The defendant was a leader of the women's suffrage movement who was arrested for voting in Rochester, New York in the 1872 ele ...

is held. She is denied a trial by jury and loses her case. She never pays the $100 fine for voting. 1873: There is a suffrage demonstration at the Centennial of the

Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea ...

. 1875: In the case of ''

Minor v. Happersett ''Minor v. Happersett'', 88 U.S. (21 Wall.) 162 (1875), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, while women are no less citizens than men are, citizenship does not confer a right to vote, and therefore state laws barri ...

'', the Supreme Court rules that the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution does not grant women the right to vote. 1874: There is a referendum in Michigan on women's suffrage, but women's suffrage loses. 1875: Women in Michigan and Minnesota win the right to vote in school elections. 1878: A federal amendment to grant women the right to vote is introduced for the first time by Senator Aaron A. Sargent of California. Though initially unsuccessful, the amendment would eventually become the 19th Amendment.

1880s

1880: New York state grants school suffrage to women. 1882: The U.S. House and Senate both appoint committees on women's suffrage, which both report favorably. 1883: Women in the Washington territory are granted full voting rights. 1884: The U.S. House of Representatives debates women's suffrage. 1886: The suffrage amendment is defeated two to one in the U.S. Senate. 1887: The

Edmunds–Tucker Act The Edmunds–Tucker Act of 1887 was an Act of Congress that focused on restricting some practices of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). An amendment to the earlier Edmunds Act, it was passed in response to the dispute ...

takes the vote away from women in Utah in order to suppress the Mormon vote in the Utah territory. 1887: The Supreme Court strikes down the law that enfranchised women in the Washington territory. 1887: In Kansas, women win the right to vote in municipal elections. 1887: Rhode Island becomes the first eastern state to vote on a women's suffrage referendum, but it does not pass. 1888–1889: Wyoming had already granted women voting and suffrage since 1869–70; now they insist that they maintain suffrage if Wyoming joins the Union.

1890s

1890: The

and the American Woman Suffrage Association merge to form the

National American Woman Suffrage Association The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was an organization formed on February 18, 1890, to advocate in favor of women's suffrage in the United States. It was created by the merger of two existing organizations, the National ...

. Its first president is

. The focus turns to working at the state level. Wyoming renewed general women's suffrage, becoming the first state to allow women to vote. 1890: A suffrage campaign loses in South Dakota. 1893: After a campaign led by

Carrie Chapman Catt Carrie Chapman Catt (; January 9, 1859 Fowler, p. 3 – March 9, 1947) was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt ...

, Colorado men vote for women's suffrage. 1894: Despite 600,000 signatures, a petition for women's suffrage is ignored in New York. 1895: The

New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NYSAOWS) was an American anti-suffrage organization in New York. The group was made up of prominent women who fought against the cause of women's suffrage by giving speeches, handing out m ...

begins. 1895: The

dissociates itself from

's ''

The Woman's Bible ''The Woman's Bible'' is a two-part non-fiction book, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a committee of 26 women, published in 1895 and 1898 to challenge the traditional position of religious orthodoxy that woman should be subservient to man. ...

'', a critique of Christianity. 1896: Women's suffrage returns to Utah upon gaining statehood. 1896: The

hires

Ida Husted Harper Ida Husted Harper (February 18, 1851 – March 14, 1931) was an American author, journalist, columnist, and suffragist, as well as the author of a three-volume biography of suffrage leader Susan B. Anthony at Anthony's request. Harper also c ...

to launch an expensive suffrage campaign in California, which ultimately fails. 1896: Idaho grants women suffrage. 1897: The

begins publishing the ''National Suffrage Bulletin'', edited by

1900s

1902: Women from 10 nations meet in Washington, D.C. to plan an international effort for suffrage.

Clara Barton Clarissa Harlowe Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk. Since nursing education was not then very ...

is among the speakers. 1902: The men of New Hampshire vote down a women's suffrage referendum. 1904: The

adopts a Declaration of Principles. 1904: Because

must attend to her dying husband, Rev. Dr.

Anna Howard Shaw Anna Howard Shaw (February 14, 1847 – July 2, 1919) was a leader of the women's suffrage movement in the United States. She was also a physician and one of the first ordained female Methodist ministers in the United States. Early life Shaw ...

takes over as president of the

. 1906:

's daughter,

Harriot Stanton Blatch Harriot Eaton Blatch ( Stanton; January 20, 1856–November 20, 1940) was an American writer and suffragist. She was the daughter of pioneering women's rights activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Biography Harriot Eaton Stanton was born, the sixt ...

, returns from England and forms the

Equality League of Self Supporting Women Equality may refer to: Society * Political equality, in which all members of a society are of equal standing ** Consociationalism, in which an ethnically, religiously, or linguistically divided state functions by cooperation of each group's elite ...

with a membership based on professional and industrial working women. It initiates the practice of holding suffrage parades. 1908: The first suffrage march in the United States is held in

Oakland, California Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast of the United States, West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third ...

on August 27, co-led by Johanna Pinther of San Francisco's Glen Park, her step-daughter-in-law Jeanette Pinther of

Noe Valley, San Francisco Noe Valley ( ; originally spelt Noé) is a neighborhood in the central part of San Francisco, California. It is named for Don José de Jesús Noé, noted 19th-century Californio statesman and ranchero, who owned much of the area and served as may ...

, and Lillian Harris Coffin of

Marin County, California Marin County is a County (United States), county located in the northwestern part of the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census, the population was 262,231. Its county seat and ...

. Followed by as many as 300 women, they carried the banner for the California Equal Suffrage Association hand-sewn and embroidered by Johanna Pinther. The women marched nearly a mile along Broadway in Oakland to the site of the California State Republican Convention to demand California suffrage be added to the Republican platform (state Democratic and Labor parties had already done so). California Republicans would not add suffrage until their next state convention in 1909.

1910s

1910:

Emma Smith DeVoe Emma Smith DeVoe (August 22, 1848 – September 3, 1927) was an American women suffragist in the early twentieth century, changing the face of politics for both women and men alike. When she died, the Tacoma News Tribune called her Washington s ...

organizes a grassroots campaign in Washington State, where women win suffrage. 1910:

Harriet Stanton Blatch Harriot Eaton Blatch ( Stanton; January 20, 1856–November 20, 1940) was an American writer and suffragist. She was the daughter of pioneering women's rights activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Biography Harriot Eaton Stanton was born, the sixth ...

's Equality League changes its name to the

Women's Political Union A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female humans regardl ...

. 1910: Emulating the grassroots tactics of labor activists, the

organizes America's first large-scale suffrage parade, which is held in New York City. 1910: Washington grants women the right to vote. 1911: California grants women suffrage. 1911: In New York City, 3,000 people march for women's suffrage. 1912: Theodore Roosevelt's

Progressive Party Progressive Party may refer to: Active parties * Progressive Party, Brazil * Progressive Party (Chile) * Progressive Party of Working People, Cyprus * Dominica Progressive Party * Progressive Party (Iceland) * Progressive Party (Sardinia), Ita ...

includes women's suffrage in its platform. 1912: Abigail Scott Duniway dissuades members of the

from involving themselves in Oregon's grassroots suffrage campaign; Oregon women win the vote. 1912:

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

grants women suffrage. 1912: Kansas grants women suffrage. 1913:

Alice Paul Alice Stokes Paul (January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977) was an American Quaker, suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ...

becomes the leader of the

Congressional Union The Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage was an American organization formed in 1913 led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to campaign for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women's suffrage. It was inspired by the United Kingdom's suffraget ...

(CU), a militant branch of the

. 1913:

organizes the Woman's Suffrage Procession, a parade in Washington, D.C. on the eve of

Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...

's inauguration. It is the largest suffrage parade to date. The parade is attacked by a mob, and hundreds of women are injured but no arrests are made. 1913: The Alaskan Territory grants white and Black women suffrage. 1913:

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...

grants municipal and presidential but not state suffrage to women. 1913: Kate Gordon organizes the Southern States Woman Suffrage Conference, where suffragists plan to lobby state legislatures for laws that will enfranchise white women only. 1913: The Senate votes on a women's suffrage amendment, but it does not pass. 1914:

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. N ...

grants women suffrage. 1914:

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbi ...

grants women suffrage. 1914: The

alienates leaders of the

by campaigning against anti-suffrage Democrats in the congressional elections. 1915:

replaces

as president of the

, partly due to the constant turmoil on the National Board caused by Shaw's lack of administrative expertise. 1916:

and others break away from the

and form the

National Woman's Party The National Woman's Party (NWP) was an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage. After achieving this goal with the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the NW ...

. 1916: Woodrow Wilson promises that the Democratic Party Platform will endorse women's suffrage. 1916: Montana elects suffragist

Jeannette Rankin Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and women's rights advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States in 1917. She was elected to the U.S. House of Representat ...

to the House of Representatives. She is the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress. 1917: Beginning in January, the

posts silent "Sentinels of Liberty," also known as the

Silent Sentinels The Silent Sentinels, also known as the Sentinels of Liberty, were a group of over 2,000 women in favor of women's suffrage organized by Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party, who protested in front of the White House during Woodrow Wilson's ...

, at the White House. They are the first group to picket the White House. In June, the arrests begin. Nearly 500 women are arrested, and 168 serve jail time. November 14, 1917: The "

Night of Terror ''Night of Terror'' is a 1933 American pre-Code horror film directed by Benjamin Stoloff, and starring Bela Lugosi, Sally Blane, Wallace Ford, and Tully Marshall. Despite receiving top billing, Bela Lugosi has a relatively small part. The film ...

" occurs at the

Occoquan Workhouse The Lorton Reformatory, also known as the Lorton Correctional Complex, is a former prison complex in Lorton, Virginia, established in 1910 for the District of Columbia, United States. The complex began as a prison farm called the Occoquan Wor ...

in Virginia, in which suffragist prisoners are beaten and abused. 1917: The U.S. enters W.W.I. Under the leadership of

, the

aligns itself with the war effort in order to gain support for women's suffrage. 1917:

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage ...

grants women the right to vote in primary, but not general elections. 1917:

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...

grants women presidential suffrage. 1917: The New York state constitution grants women suffrage. New York is the first Eastern state to fully enfranchise women. 1917: The Oklahoma state constitution grants women suffrage. 1917: The South Dakota state constitution grants women suffrage. 1918: The jailed suffragists are released from prison. An appellate court rules all the arrests were illegal. 1918: The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which eventually granted women suffrage, passes the U.S. House with exactly a two-thirds vote but loses by two votes in the Senate.

opens debate on it in the House, and President Wilson addresses the Senate in support of it. 1918: President Wilson declares his support for women's suffrage. 1918:

Women in Texas A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or Adolescence, adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female hum ...

earn the right to vote in primary elections. 1919: Michigan grants women full suffrage. 1919: Oklahoma grants women full suffrage. 1919: South Dakota grants women full suffrage. 1919: The

holds its convention in St. Louis, where

rallies to transform the association into the

League of Women Voters The League of Women Voters (LWV or the League) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan political organization in the United States. Founded in 1920, its ongoing major activities include registering voters, providing voter information, and advocating for vot ...

. 1919: In January, the

National Women's Party The National Woman's Party (NWP) was an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage. After achieving this goal with the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the NW ...

lights and guards a "Watchfire for Freedom." It is maintained until the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passes the U.S. Senate on June 4.

1920s

1920: The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, stating: 1920: In the case of ''

Hawke v. Smith ''Hawke v. Smith'', 253 U.S. 221 (1920), was a United States Supreme Court case coming out of the state of Ohio. It challenged the constitutionality of a provision in the state constitution allowing the state legislature's ratification of federal c ...

'', anti-suffragists file suit against the Ohio legislature, but the Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of Ohio's ratification process. 1922: '' Fairchild v. Hughes'', 258 U.S. 126 (1922),. is a case in which the Supreme Court held that a general citizen, in a state that already had women's suffrage, lacked

standing Standing, also referred to as orthostasis, is a position in which the body is held in an ''erect'' ("orthostatic") position and supported only by the feet. Although seemingly static, the body rocks slightly back and forth from the ankle in the s ...

to challenge the validity of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. A companion case, '' Leser v. Garnett'' upheld the ratification. 1922: '' Leser v. Garnett'', 258 U.S. 130 (1922), is a case in which the Supreme Court held that the Nineteenth Amendment had been constitutionally established. 1924: Native American women played a vital role in passing the Nineteenth Amendment, but are still unable to reap the benefits until four years later on June 24, 1924 when the American government grants citizenship to Native Americans through the

Indian Citizenship Act The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, (, enacted June 2, 1924) was an Act of the United States Congress that granted US citizenship to the indigenous peoples of the United States. While the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ...

. However, many states nonetheless make laws and policies which prohibit Native Americans from voting, and many are effectively barred from voting until 1948.

1940s

1943: Chinese immigrants are no longer barred from becoming US citizens with the passage of the

Magnuson Act The Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943, also known as the Magnuson Act, was an immigration law proposed by U.S. Representative (later Senator) Warren G. Magnuson of Washington and signed into law on December 17, 1943, in the United States. It ...

, allowing some Chinese immigrants, including women, to become naturalized and gain the right to vote.

1950s

1952: The race restrictions of the 1790 Naturalization Law are repealed by the

McCarran-Walter Act The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (), also known as the McCarran–Walter Act, codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (), governs immigration to and citizenship in the United States. It came into effect on June 27, 1952. Before ...

, giving first generation Japanese Americans, including women, citizenship and voting rights.

1960s

1964: The Twenty-fourth Amendment is ratified by three-fourths of the states, formally abolishing

poll taxes A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments fr ...

and

literacy test A literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write have been administered by various governments, particularly to immigrants. In the United States, between the 1850s and 1960s, literacy tests were administered t ...

s which were heavily used against African-American and poor white women and men. 1965: The

Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the civil rights movement ...

strenuously prohibits racial discrimination in voting, resulting in greatly-increased voting by African American women and men. 1966: ''

Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections ''Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections'', 383 U.S. 663 (1966), was a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court found that Virginia's poll tax was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. In the late 19th and ea ...

'' strikes down poll taxes at all levels of government.

1980s

1984: Mississippi becomes the last state in the union to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.Preview.
/ref>

References

External links

Woman's Suffrage History Timeline
from the Women's Rights National Historic Park in Seneca Falls, NY {{Voting rights in the United States * History of voting rights in the United States History of women in the United States *

suffrage usa Women's suffrage in the United States