This is a timeline of actions by the

Ulster Defence Association The Ulster Defence Association (UDA) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in September 1971 as an umbrella group for various loyalist groups and undertook an armed campaign of almost 24 years as one of t ...

(UDA), a

loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British C ...

paramilitary A paramilitary is an organization whose structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but is not part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. Paramilitary units carr ...

group formed in 1971. Most of these actions took place during the conflict known as "

the Troubles The Troubles ( ga, Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "i ...

" in

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label=Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is #Descriptions, variously described as ...

. The UDA's declared goal was to defend

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British C ...

areas from attack and to combat

Irish republican Irish republicanism ( ga, poblachtánachas Éireannach) is the political movement for the unity and independence of Ireland under a republic. Irish republicans view British rule in any part of Ireland as inherently illegitimate. The developm ...

paramilitaries. However, most of its victims were

Irish Catholic Irish Catholics are an ethnoreligious group native to Ireland whose members are both Catholic and Irish. They have a large diaspora, which includes over 36 million American citizens and over 14 million British citizens (a quarter of the Briti ...

civilian Civilians under international humanitarian law are "persons who are not members of the armed forces" and they are not " combatants if they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war". It is slightly different from a non-combatant ...

s, who were often chosen at random. It used the name Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) when it wished to claim responsibility for its attacks and avoid political embarrassment, as the UDA was a legal organisation for much of its history. The UFF usually claimed that those targeted were

Provisional Irish Republican Army The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reu ...

members or IRA sympathizers. Other times, attacks on Catholic civilians were claimed as "retaliation" for IRA actions, since the IRA drew most of its support from Catholics. Such retaliation was seen as both

collective punishment Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member of that group, which could be an ethnic or political group, or just the family, friends and neighbors of the perpetrator. Because ind ...

and an attempt to weaken the IRA's support. However, during 1972 the organisation openly claimed responsibility for several gun and bomb attacks using the UDA title.The Troubles – A Chronology of the Northern Ireland Conflict: Issue 18
. Glenravel Publications. p. 6

1970s

1971

* September: the

(UDA) was formed from various loyalist "defence groups" in

Belfast Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom ...

1972

January–June

* 20 April: UDA members walked into a taxi depot on Clifton Street in

and asked for a taxi to Ardoyne. From the location of the depot and the stated destination, they could be sure their driver was a

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

. They forced the driver (Gerard Donnelly, aged 22) to stop at Harrybrook Street, where they killed him with a shot in the head.1972 necrology
, cain.ulst.ac.uk; accessed 2 December 2015. * 4 May: a Catholic civilian (Victor Andrews, aged 20) was found stabbed to death in an entry off Baltic Avenue, New Lodge, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 14 May: a Catholic civilian (Gerard McCusker, aged 24) was found beaten and shot dead on waste ground at Hopeton Street,

Shankill Road The Shankill Road () is one of the main roads leading through West Belfast, in Northern Ireland. It runs through the working-class, predominantly loyalist, area known as the Shankill. The road stretches westwards for about from central Belfast ...

, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 17 May: the UDA kidnapped a Catholic civilian (Bernard Moane, aged 46) from a pub on the Shankill Road in Belfast. They took him to Knockagh War Memorial near

Greenisland Greenisland is a town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies 7 miles north-east of Belfast and 3 miles south-west of Carrickfergus. The town is on the coast of Belfast Lough and is named after a tiny islet to the west, ''the Green Island' ...

, County Antrim, and shot him to death. * 23 May: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Andrew Brennan, aged 22) at his home on Sicily Park,

Finaghy Finaghy ( or ; ) is an electoral ward in the Balmoral district of Belfast City Council, Northern Ireland. It is based on the townland of Ballyfinaghy (). * 10 June: the UDA carried out a drive-by shooting on a group of Catholic teenagers in Belfast. a Catholic civilian (Marian Brown, aged 17) was killed and a number of others wounded as they stood on the corner of Roden Street and Grosvenor Road. The

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurkha ...

were on patrol when they exchanged shots with a gunman in the car, who was wielding a

Thompson submachine gun The Thompson submachine gun (also known as the "Tommy Gun", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", “Trench Sweeper” or "Trench Broom") is a blowback-operated, air-cooled, Magazine-fed rifle, magazine-fed Selective fire, selective-fire subm ...

.McKittrick, p. 199 * 11 June: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (John Madden, aged 43) as he swept the footpath outside his shop on Oldpark Road, Belfast. * 16 June: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Charles Connor, aged 32) at Minnowburn,

Shaw's Bridge Shaw's Bridge is the name given to two adjacent bridges across the River Lagan in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The older of the bridges is a historic stone arched bridge, which is open to cyclists and pedestrians. The new bridge is a concrete br ...

, Belfast. * 24 June: a UDA paramilitary (John Brown, aged 29), was found shot near his home, Blackmountain Parade, Springmartin, Belfast. He had been killed in an internal Ulster Defence Association dispute. * 26 June: a UDA volunteer (John Black, aged 32) was shot by the British Army at a barricade in Douglas Street, off Beersbridge Road, Belfast during street disturbances. He died five weeks later. * 27 June: a UDA volunteer (William Galloway, aged 18) was shot dead by an unknown republican group in Edlingham Street, Tiger's Bay, Belfast during street disturbances. * 30 June: the UDA began to set up "

no-go area A "no-go area" or "no-go zone" is a neighborhood or other geographic area where some or all outsiders are either physically prevented from entering or can enter at risk. The term includes exclusion zones, which are areas that are officially kept o ...

s" (urban areas which were entirely controlled by the group and blocked off by barricades). UDA members stopped and questioned people at these barricades and a number of them were killed, usually when they were found to be Catholic.McKittrick, p. 209

July

* 1 July: an English civilian visitor (Paul Jobling, aged 19) was found hooded and shot dead on waste ground, Westway Drive, Glencairn, Belfast. It is thought the UDA was responsible. * 1 July: a Catholic civilian (Daniel Hayes, aged 40) was found shot dead in a playground at the mainly loyalist Penrith Street, Shankill, Belfast. A witness who lived nearby said he saw two men take a third out of a car and into the playground. The car driver said to the witness: "You are all right, it's the UDA". He then heard five shots. * 2 July: two Catholic civilians (James Howell, aged 31, and Gerard McCrea, aged 27) were found hooded and shot dead in Belfast. Their bodies were found in different locations but it was believed they were killed together. Howell was found in McCrea's car, Cavour Street, off Old Lodge Road, Belfast. McCrea was found at Forthriver Road, Glencairn, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 9 July: the

(IRA) shot dead a UDA volunteer (Gerald Turkington, aged 32) on Stewart Street, Markets, Belfast. *10 July - the UDA was involved in a ten-hour long gun battle with Republican paramilitaries in the Lower Falls area of Belfast.Brian Hanley and Scott Millar, ''The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party''. Penguin UK, 2009. * 11 July: a Catholic civilian (Charles Watson, aged 21) was found shot dead off Carlisle Circus, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible.McKittrick, p. 217 * 11/12 July: UDA and UVF members shot dead a 15-year-old Catholic civilian (David McClenaghan) in his home on Southport Street, Belfast. They also sexually assaulted his mother. * 12 July: a UDA volunteer shot dead two civilians inside McCabe's Bar on High Street,

Portadown Portadown () is a town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The town sits on the River Bann in the north of the county, about southwest of Belfast. It is in the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council area and had a population of a ...

County Armagh County Armagh (, named after its county town, Armagh) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland. Adjoined to the southern shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of an ...

. One (Jack McCabe, aged 48) was the pub's Catholic owner and the other (William Cochrane, aged 53) was a Protestant customer. Both were shot in the head ar close range. The gunman was a former RUC officer who was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murders. There were shouts of "Keep up the fight!" from about a dozen people in the court's public gallery. * 13 July: an off-duty Catholic

Ulster Defence Regiment The Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) was an infantry regiment of the British Army established in 1970, with a comparatively short existence ending in 1992. Raised through public appeal, newspaper and television advertisements,Potter p25 their offi ...

(UDR) soldier, Henry Russell (aged 23), was found dead at Larkfield Drive, Sydenham, Belfast. He had been burnt, stabbed, battered and shot in the head, reputedly as an alleged informer. * 15 July: a Catholic civilian (Felix Hughes, aged 35) was kidnapped, beaten, tortured and shot dead by the UDA in a mainly loyalist area of Portadown. His body was found on 4 August 1972 in a drain near Watson Street. * 19 July: a Protestant civilian (Hugh Wright, aged 21), was found shot dead in a field off Hightown Road, near Belfast. * 21 July: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Anthony Davidson, aged 21) at his home on Clovelly Street, off Springfield Road, Belfast. * 21 July: a UDA volunteer (William Irvine, aged 18) was killed in a car bomb explosion at Oxford Street Bus Station, Belfast. An inadequate warning had been given. * 22 July: the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians, Rosemary McCartney (aged 27) and Patrick O'Neill (aged 26). Their bodies were found in an abandoned car, Forthriver Road, Glencairn, Belfast. * 24 July: the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian, Frederick Maguire, aged 56, who was married to a Catholic, on Mayo Street, Shankill, Belfast. He was shot dead on his way to work at a linen mill. * 25 July: the

Official Irish Republican Army The Official Irish Republican Army or Official IRA (OIRA; ) was an Irish republican paramilitary group whose goal was to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a "workers' republic" encompassing all of Ireland. It emerged ...

(OIRA) shot a UDA volunteer (James Kenna, aged 19) dead while he was walking at the junction of Roden and Clifford streets, Belfast. He was reportedly part of a Loyalist mob attempting to invade a Catholic area. * 26 July: the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians, Francis Corr (aged 52) and James McGerty (aged 26), in an abandoned car which they then burned on Summer Street, Lower Oldpark, Belfast. * 27 July: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Francis McStravick, aged 42) off Linfield Road,

Sandy Row Sandy Row () is a large inner city estate in south Belfast, Northern Ireland. It lends its name to the surrounding residential community, which is predominantly Protestant working-class. The Sandy Row area had a population of 2,153 in 2001; in 2 ...

, Belfast. * 28 July: a Catholic (Philip Maguire, aged 55) was found shot dead in his firm's van on Carrowreagh Road,

Dundonald, County Down Dundonald () is a large settlement and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies east of Belfast and is often considered a suburb of the city. It is home to the Ulster Hospital, Dundonald International Ice Bowl, Dundonald Omnipark ...

. He was a founding member of the local

credit union A credit union, a type of financial institution similar to a commercial bank, is a member-owned nonprofit financial cooperative. Credit unions generally provide services to members similar to retail banks, including deposit accounts, provis ...

and a member of the paramilitary Catholic Ex-Servicemen's Association. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 29 July: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Daniel Dunne, aged 19) outside his home, Blackwood Street, off

Ormeau Road Ormeau Road is a road in south Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland. Ormeau Park is adjacent to it. It forms part of the A24. History The road, as currently laid out, dates from the first decades of the 19th century when a bridge was buil ...

, Belfast.

August–October

* 12 August: the body of a Catholic civilian (Francis Wynne, aged 37) was found in an abandoned car on Jaffa Street, Shankill, Belfast. He had been kidnapped, beaten and shot twice in the head by UDA volunteers. * 13 August: the UDA stabbed a Catholic civilian (Thomas Madden, aged 48) to death in a shop doorway on Oldpark Road, Belfast. He was a night-watchman. The man had 110 stab wounds on all parts of his body. * 18 August: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Philip Faye, aged 21) at his home on Island Street, Belfast. * 27 August: the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian (Thomas Boyd, aged 28) at his home on Carlisle Street, off Crumlin Road, Belfast. * 31 August: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Patrick Devenney, aged 27) on Rugby Road, Belfast. The body was found in a sack. * 31 August: a Catholic civilian (Eamon McMahon, aged 19) was found dead in the

River Bann The River Bann (from ga, An Bhanna, meaning "the goddess"; Ulster-Scots: ''Bann Wattèr'') is one of the longest rivers in Northern Ireland, its length, Upper and Lower Bann combined, being 129 km (80 mi). However, the total lengt ...

at Portadown. He had been tied up and beaten to death by UDA volunteers. * 6 September: UDA volunteers threw a bomb into the home of Republican Labour Party councillor James O'Kane on Cedar Avenue, off

Antrim Road The Antrim Road is a major arterial route and area of housing and commerce that runs from inner city north Belfast to Dunadry, passing through Newtownabbey and Templepatrick. It forms part of the A6 road, a traffic route which links Belfast to De ...

, Belfast. A Catholic civilian (Bridget Breen, aged 33) was killed, and five others (including three children) were wounded. * 13 September: the UDA opened fire inside the Catholic-owned Divis Castle Bar on Springfield Road, Belfast; one Catholic civilian, the owner's son (Patrick Doyle, aged 19), was killed. * 13 September: the

Royal Ulster Constabulary The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) was the police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001. It was founded on 1 June 1922 as a successor to the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC)Richard Doherty, ''The Thin Green Line – The History of the Roya ...

(RUC) shot dead a UDA volunteer (Robert Warnock, aged 18) during an attempted armed robbery at the Hillfoot Bar, Glen Road, Castlereagh, Belfast. * 26 September: UDA volunteers shot dead a Catholic civilian (Paul McCartan, aged 52) near his home on Park Avenue, Strandtown, Belfast. * 27 September: a Catholic civilian (James Boyle, aged 17) was found shot dead by Flush River, Elswick Street, near Springfield Road, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 30 September: a Catholic civilian (Francis Lane, aged 23), was found shot dead on waste ground at Glencairn Road, Glencairn, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 4 October: the UDA shot dead James McCartan, aged 21, a Catholic civilian. His body was found on waste ground, beside Connswater River, off Mersey Street, Belfast. * 5 October: the UDA detonated a bomb at the Capitol Bar in Belfast, killing a Protestant civilian (John Magee, aged 54). * 14 October: a Catholic man (Terence Maguire, aged 23) was found shot dead in an alley off Clandeboye Street, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. He is listed as a civilian by ''Sutton'', but as a UDR soldier by ''Lost Lives''. * 14 October: two Catholic civilians (Leo John Duffy, aged 45, and Thomas Marron, aged 59) were killed in a gun attack on a Catholic-owned shop, Northern Wine Company, Tate's Avenue, off Lisburn Road, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 16 October: two UDA volunteers (John Clarke, aged 26, and William Warnock, aged 15) were killed after being run over by British Army vehicles during riots in East Belfast. * 17 October: in response to the deaths of the previous day, the UDA opened fire on the British Army in some parts of Belfast, shooting a RUC officer (Gordon Harron, aged 32) on Shore Road, by Mount Vernon, Belfast. Harron died of his injuries on 21 October. A UDA volunteer was later convicted for the killing. * 17 October: the British Army shot dead a UDA volunteer, who was also an off-duty UDR soldier (John Todd, aged 23) during street disturbances, Wilton Street, Shankill, Belfast. * 31 October: the UDA detonated a car bomb outside Benny's Bar in Sailortown, Belfast. The blast killed two Catholic children, Paula Strong (aged 6) and Clare Hughes (aged 4), who were celebrating Halloween outside the pub. Twelve other people were injured.

November–December

* 2 November: the UDA's Londonderry Brigade claimed responsibility for bombing the Hole in the Wall pub in

St Johnston St Johnston, officially Saint Johnstown ( ga, Baile Suingean), is a village, townland, and an electoral division in County Donegal, Ireland. It is in the Laggan district of East Donegal on the left bank of the River Foyle. It is in the civil pa ...

County Donegal County Donegal ( ; ga, Contae Dhún na nGall) is a county of Ireland in the province of Ulster and in the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Donegal in the south of the county. It has also been known as County Tyrcon ...

Republic of Ireland Ireland ( ga, Éire ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island. ...

. UDA volunteers ordered everyone out of the pub and then destroyed it with a grenade. * 5 November: the UDA claimed responsibility for bombing a mineral water plant in

Muff, County Donegal Muff () is a village and townland in County Donegal, Ireland. It is near the mouth of the River Foyle (where it flows into Lough Foyle) and sits close to the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The village of C ...

. * 12 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he got out of a car on Arthur Street, Newtownabbey. A close relative told the inquest that he he relativehad likely been the intended target. The relative had been imprisoned in

Long Kesh Long may refer to: Measurement * Long, characteristic of something of great duration * Long, characteristic of something of great length * Longitude (abbreviation: long.), a geographic coordinate * Longa (music), note value in early music mensu ...

and lived on Longlands Road,

Newtownabbey Newtownabbey ( ) is a large settlement in North Belfast in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is separated from the rest of the city by Cavehill and Fortwilliam golf course. It surrounds Carnmoney Hill, and was formed from the merging of sever ...

. The relative added: "I appeared in court three times and each time my address was published in newspapers as Longlands Park, where he he cousinlived". * 15 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Sintonville Avenue, Belfast. * 20 November: the UDA's Londonderry Brigade claimed responsibility for bombing a car showroom in

Bridgend, County Donegal Bridgend or Bridge End () is a village in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, at the base of the Inishowen peninsula. It is located on the road to Letterkenny, on the western outskirts of Derry and near the Irish border, border between ...

, Republic of Ireland. It claimed it was retaliation for the IRA's bombing campaign. * 20 November: a taxi driver died three weeks after being shot by his UDA passenger on Forthriver Road, Belfast. The gunman believed the driver was a Catholic. * 21 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in

Finvoy Finvoy is a hamlet and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Kilconway. The hamlet had a population of 187 people (52 households) in the 2011 Census. The name derives from the Irish: ''An Fh ...

, County Antrim. * 21 November: the UDA, secretly working in coordination with the

and RUC Special Branch, bombed Aghalane Bridge connecting

County Fermanagh County Fermanagh ( ; ) is one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the six counties of Northern Ireland. The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and has a population of 61,805 ...

and

County Cavan County Cavan ( ; gle, Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Border Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (''Bréifn ...

. A leading UDA member and

Ulster Unionist Party The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland. The party was founded in 1905, emerging from the Irish Unionist Alliance in Ulster. Under Edward Carson, it led unionist opposition to the Irish Home Rule m ...

councillor on Fermanagh District Council organised the attack. * 22 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside his home near

Castledawson Castledawson is a village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is mostly within the townland of Shanemullagh (, IPA: �anˠˈʃanˠˌwʊl̪ˠəx, about four miles from the north-western shore of Lough Neagh, and near the market town of ...

County Londonderry County Londonderry ( Ulster-Scots: ''Coontie Lunnonderrie''), also known as County Derry ( ga, Contae Dhoire), is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the thirty two counties of Ireland and one of the nine counties of Ulster. ...

. * 30 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside Mater Hospital on

Crumlin Road The Crumlin Road is a main road in north-west Belfast, Northern Ireland. The road runs from north of Belfast City Centre for about four miles to the outskirts of the city. It also forms part of the longer A52 road which leads out of Belfast to t ...

, Belfast. Two UDA men got into a taxi with him on Clifton Street. When they reached the hospital one said he was ill and the taxi stopped. They got out, walked to the front of the car and opened fire. The driver was wounded in the attack. * 2 December: a Catholic civilian, Patrick Benstead (aged 23), was found shot dead in an entry off Crossley Street, Belfast. The man – described in contemporary reports as "mentally retarded" – had been kidnapped, tortured and shot in the head by members of the UDA. A cross had been burnt into his back and the letters "IRA" carved into his skin. * 2 December: --the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian (Sandra Meli) at her home on Flora Street, East Belfast. Gunmen opened fire through her kitchen window. It is believed her Catholic husband was the intended target. * 7 December: the UDA shot dead one of its own members in the Village area of south Belfast in an internal dispute. * 20 December: the UDA killed a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on

Newtownards Road The A20 is a road in County Down in Northern Ireland. It runs from Belfast to Newtownards and on to Portaferry. Beginning as the Newtownards Road at the junction of Bridge End close to Belfast city centre, the road runs in an easterly directi ...

, Belfast. He was waiting for a lift to the Royal Naval Aircraft Yard, where he worked. * 20 December: four Catholic civilians (McGinley, Michael McGinley, Charles McCafferty, Bernard Kelly and Francis McCarron) and one Protestant civilian (Charles Moore) were killed in a gun attack on the Top of the Hill Bar at Strabane Old Road,

Derry Derry, officially Londonderry (), is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest city on the island of Ireland. The name ''Derry'' is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name (modern Irish: ) meaning 'oak grove'. The ...

. It is believed the UDA was responsible. See: Top of the Hill bar shooting

1973

* 1 January: the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians and dumped their bodies in a ditch near Burnfoot, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. * 2 January: UDA volunteers opened fire on a carload of Catholic civilians arriving for work at the Rolls-Royce factory in

One person was killed and two others wounded. * 11 January: A Catholic church was bombed by Loyalists outside

Ballymena Ballymena ( ; from ga, an Baile Meánach , meaning 'the middle townland') is a town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is part of the Borough of Mid and East Antrim. The town is built on land given to the Adair family by King Charles I i ...

. The Church was ruined by a 10lb bomb. The police believed the UDA was behind the attack. * 29 January: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, a petrol station on Kennedy Way, Belfast. * 29 January: the UDA killed a 15-year-old Catholic civilian, Peter Watterson, in a drive-by shooting at the Falls Road/ Donegall Road junction, Belfast.McKittrick, p. 320 * 29 January: the PIRA shot dead UDA volunteer Francis "Hatchet" Smith in west Belfast. He was held responsible for the death of Peter Watterson earlier that same day. * 31 January: a 14-year-old Catholic boy, was found shot dead at Giant's Ring, Belfast; the UDA is believed to have kidnapped him. * 31 January: a 17-year-old Catholic civilian was found shot dead beside the

M1 motorway The M1 motorway connects London to Leeds, where it joins the A1(M) near Aberford, to connect to Newcastle. It was the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the UK; the first motorway in the country was the Preston By-pass, which ...

near Donegall Road, Belfast. The UDA was believed responsible. * 1 February: UDA volunteers threw a grenade into a bus on Kingsway Park, Belfast. It killed the bus driver, a Catholic civilian. This was the first attack in which the name "

Ulster Freedom Fighters The Ulster Defence Association (UDA) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in September 1971 as an umbrella group for various loyalist groups and undertook an armed campaign of almost 24 years as one of t ...

" (UFF) was used to claim responsibility. * 2 February: A Catholic civilian was found hooded and shot dead in a car on Maurice Street, Belfast. It is believed the UDA was responsible. * 2 February: the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Oldpark Road, Belfast. * 3 February: New Lodge Six shooting. * 7 February: the UDA (as part of the United Loyalist Council) held a one-day strike to "re-establish some sort of

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

or loyalist control over the affairs of the province". Loyalist paramilitaries forcibly tried to stop many people going to work and to close any businesses that had opened. There were eight bombings and thirty-five acts of

arson Arson is the crime of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, wate ...

. In Belfast, the UDA shot dead a fireman fighting a blaze, while two UDA members were shot dead (one by the PIRA and one by the British Army). *17 February: a Catholic civilian was found dead in his car on Watt Street, Belfast. He had been shot by the UDA. * 19 February: St Brigid's Catholic Church in Derryvolgie Avenue came under attack during the night. A number of shots were fired at the church and the remaining 5 people inside it. No one was injured in the attack. It is believed the UDA did the shooting. * 5 March: a UDA volunteer died when the bomb he was handling exploded prematurely on Woodstock Road, Belfast. * 8 March: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead in a car on Summer Street, Belfast. The UDA was believed responsible. * 17 March: a UDA volunteer died when the car bomb he was transporting exploded prematurely as he parked outside Kirk's Bar, Cloughfin, County Donegal. * 20 March: the UDA killed a Catholic civilian and wounded another in a drive-by shooting on Grosvenor Road, Belfast. Locals claimed a British Army Saracen APC smashed through a nationalist barricade minutes before the shooting, allowing the gunmen's car to drive through. They accused the British Army of "facilitating Protestant extremist murder gangs". The victims had apparently gathered after hearing the barricade being smashed. * 23 March: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded another in a drive-by shooting on a house at Durham Street, Belfast. * 2 May: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in a disused quarry off Ballyduff Road,

. * 19 May: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Adela Street, Belfast. * 25 May: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at Giant's Ring, Belfast. * 9 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for throwing a bomb into the Avenue Bar, Belfast. Six people were wounded. * 10 June: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in the Deerpark Road area of Belfast. A Protestant bus driver was also killed when his bus was caught in crossfire between the UDA and British Army. * 15 June: the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Ravenswood Park, Belfast in an internal dispute. * 16 June: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead on Dunmurry Lane, Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility. * 17 June: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead at Corr's Corner, Newtownabbey. The UFF claimed responsibility. * 18 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for throwing a bomb into the Meeting of the Waters pub on Manor Street, Belfast. One man was seriously wounded. * 25 June: a Protestant civilian was found shot dead at his home on Nore Street, Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility and claimed the man had been an informer. * 26 June: SDLP politician Paddy Wilson, a Catholic, and his secretary, Irene Andrews, a Protestant, were found stabbed to death in a quarry on Hightown Road near Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility. A UFF leader, John White, confessed to the murders in 1978. * 29 June: the UDA shot dead a Protestant cross-community social worker at his home on Eglantine Avenue, Belfast. * 5 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Pembroke Street, Belfast. * 14 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for exploding a 200 lb car bomb outside a pub in central Belfast. Five people were hurt. * 17 July: the UDA exploded a car bomb at the Silver Eel Bar, Aghalee Road, Crumlin, killing a Catholic civilian. * 20 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing three Catholic-owned pubs in Belfast: Bus Bar, Mooney's Bar, and College Arms. Four people were hurt and six buses in a neighbouring depot were destroyed. * 10 August: UDA volunteers in a hijacked taxi shot dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Kennedy Way, Belfast. His father died of a heart attack when he learned of his son's death. * 22 August: Two bombs caused severe damage to Catholic churches. The first, near

at Braid Chapel, left the building in ruins. The second went off two hours later at a church in Crebilly but caused only minor damage, although a number of near by houses were also damaged. * 23 August: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead in a car at

Mayobridge Mayobridge () is a village within Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland, lying on the small river Clanrye which divides the townlands of Mayo and Bavan. It is located within the Newry and Mourne District Council area - it had a population of 1 ...

County Down County Down () is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland. It covers an area of and has a population of 531,665. It borders County Antrim to th ...

. The UFF claimed responsibility. * 5 September: The UFF claimed responsibility for a no-warning car bombing on Springfield Road, Belfast. The bomb was spotted and the area evacuated. A bakery and 15 houses were damaged. * 11 September: The UFF claimed responsibility for a no-warning bomb which badly damaged a Catholic church at Holywood Road in East Belfast. * 16 September:

Tommy Herron Tommy Herron (1938 – 14 September 1973) was a Northern Irish loyalist and a leading member of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) until his death in a fatal shooting. Herron controlled the UDA in East Belfast, one of its two earliest strongh ...

, vice-chairman of the UDA, was shot dead and left in a ditch in Drumbo, near

Lisburn Lisburn (; ) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is southwest of Belfast city centre, on the River Lagan, which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. First laid out in the 17th century by English and Welsh settlers, with ...

. * 17–18 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing four Catholic schools in Belfast over a 24-hour period. Shortly afterward, British soldiers were sent to guard all Catholic schools in Belfast. * 4 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on a Catholic-owned pub near

Banbridge Banbridge ( , ) is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Bann and the A1 road and is named after a bridge built over the River Bann in 1712. It is situated in the civil parish of Seapatrick and the historic barony of Iv ...

. Six people were hurt. * 22 October: the UDA detonated a bomb at Wilson's Bar, Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast. A Protestant civilian, who was walking by, was killed when part of the building collapsed. * 7 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside his workplace on Springfield Road, Belfast. Elsewhere in Belfast, the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man as he sat in the cab of his lorry. * 12 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for detonating six car bombs in Belfast in the space of two hours. The bombs targeted four pubs, a petrol station and the former SDLP headquarters. Thirteen people were injured and many buildings were badly damaged. * 8 December: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian inside his shop on

Stranmillis Stranmillis () is an area in south Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is also an electoral ward for Belfast City Council, part of the Laganbank (District Electoral Area), Laganbank district electoral area. As part of the Queen's Quarter, Belfast, Que ...

Road, Belfast. * 26 December: a UDA member was beaten to death by other loyalists in the

Maze Prison Her Majesty's Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as The Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house alleged paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to ...

as an alleged informer. * 29 December: UDA and UVF snipers shot dead a Catholic RUC officer, Michael Logue (aged 21) on Forthriver Road, Belfast. They had robbed a supermarket to lure his police patrol to the scene. Earlier, the security forces had shot dead a UVF member and the attack was thought to have been a retaliation for that.

1974

* 2 January: a bomb was thrown into a Roman Catholic

parochial house A clergy house is the residence, or former residence, of one or more priests or ministers of religion. Residences of this type can have a variety of names, such as manse, parsonage, rectory or vicarage. Function A clergy house is typically o ...

in Mullavilly, County Armagh. The blast wrecked a third of the building and set fire to the remainder. Two priests were inside at the time. The UFF claimed responsibility. * 31 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at a building site in

County Antrim County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim, ) is one of six counties of Northern Ireland and one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland. Adjoined to the north-east shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of and has a population ...

. * 9 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians as they left O'Kane's Bar on Grosvenor Road, Belfast. * 11 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at their workplace in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. * 12 February: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Lisburn Road, Belfast. * 17 February: the British Army shot dead two UDA volunteers during a riot on Belvoir Street, Belfast. * 21 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb at Spa Inn on Spamount Street, Belfast. A Catholic civilian was killed. * 14 March: a high-ranking UDA volunteer, James Redmond, was badly injured when a bomb exploded under his car outside his

home. The blast shattered nearby windows. * 20 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for a drive-by shooting attack on a Catholic schoolteacher in

Cookstown Cookstown ( ga, An Chorr Chríochach, IPA: �anˠˈxoːɾˠɾˠˈçɾʲiːxəx is a small town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is the fourth largest town in the county and had a population of 11,599 in the 2011 census. It, along with Magh ...

. * 21 March: UDA volunteers opened fire on a lorry carrying about twenty workmen at Duncrue Street, Belfast. One Catholic civilian was killed and five wounded. It was regarded as an indiscriminate sectarian attack. * 8 May: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Kingsmoss Road, Newtownabbey. :8 May: the UDA issued a statement opposing the Sunningdale Agreement and supporting the United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC). :15 May: the

Ulster Workers' Council strike The Ulster Workers' Council (UWC) strike was a general strike that took place in Northern Ireland between 15 May and 28 May 1974, during " the Troubles". The strike was called by unionists who were against the Sunningdale Agreement, which had ...

began in protest at the Sunningdale Agreement. For the next fourteen days, loyalist paramilitaries forcibly tried to stop many people going to work and to close any businesses that had opened. * 16 May: a UDA volunteer shot dead a female Catholic civilian at the Edlingham Street/Stratheden Street junction, Belfast. She had stopped to talk to a friend. A witness said the gunman emerged from the loyalist Tiger Bay area. There had been sporadic trouble in the area that day and locals complained that the British Army had done little to stop UDA activity nearby. :17 May: in response to the Dublin and Monaghan bombings carried out by the

Ulster Volunteer Force The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. Formed in 1965, it first emerged in 1966. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland. The group undertook an armed campaign ...

(UVF), the UDA's press secretary, Sammy Smyth (later assassinated by the PIRA) said "I am very happy about the bombings in Dublin. There is a war with the epublic of Irelandand now we are laughing at them". Thirty-three civilians were killed and 300 wounded in the attacks. * 18 May: a UDA volunteer shot dead a UVF volunteer during a fight in North Star Bar on North Queen Street, Belfast. * 20 May: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and dumped his body by the roadside on Milltown Road, Belfast. * 24 May: two Catholic civilians were shot dead in their pub, The Wayside Halt, near

. This was part of a joint UDA/UVF attack to ensure businesses remained shut during the Ulster Workers’ Council (UWC) strike. :28 May: The Ulster Workers' Council strike ended. * 3 June: a civilian was found shot dead in a quarry on Hightown Road, between Belfast and Newtownabbey. Although most of his relatives were Catholic, he self-identified as Protestant. It is believed the UDA were responsible. * 9 June: a Catholic child was killed when a UDA/UFF bomb exploded prematurely at Ballymacaward Kennel Club, Hannahstown, County Antrim. * 14 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Divis Street, Belfast. * 12 July: the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Glenrosa Street, Belfast. * 24 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for kidnapping and shooting dead Independent Nationalist politician Patrick Kelly near

Trillick Trillick () is a small village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 2,439 people in the 2011 Census. Trillick is in the Civil Parish of Kilskeery, Barony of Omagh East. It is located within the Diocese of Clogher (both ...

. His body was found on 10 August in Lough Eyes, County Fermanagh. * 24 July: a female UDA unit beat a Protestant civilian, Ann Ogilby, to death in an abandoned building on Hunter Street, Belfast, then dumped her body on Stockman's Lane. It was found on 29 July. The killing was the result of a personal dispute between the women. :1 August: UDA volunteers and SDLP representatives held a meeting. * 8 August: the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Seaview Drive, Belfast in an internal dispute. * 14 August: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on North Queen Street, Belfast. * 29 September: the UDA stabbed to death a Catholic civilian on Lecale Street, Belfast. * 8 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two Catholic workmen at a building site in Belfast in purported retaliation for the

Guildford pub bombings The Guildford pub bombings occurred on 5 October 1974 when the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated two gelignite bombs at two pubs in Guildford, Surrey, England. The pubs were targeted because they were popular with British Army ...

. * 12 October: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded another civilian as they walked along Ellis Street in

Carrickfergus Carrickfergus ( , meaning " Fergus' rock") is a large town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It sits on the north shore of Belfast Lough, from Belfast. The town had a population of 27,998 at the 2011 Census. It is County Antrim's oldest ...

. * 22 October: a Catholic civilian was killed and another badly wounded by a booby-trap bomb at a betting shop on Marquis Street, Belfast. The bomb had been hidden in a radio and left at the shop by a UDA member. * 4 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian outside the University Road (Belfast) pub where he worked as a security guard. * 10 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Clovelly Street, Belfast. * 12 November: the UDA killed a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on Ardmore Road, Derry. * 22 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at her workplace on Springfield Road, Belfast. * 23 November: the UDA shot dead two civilians, a Catholic and a Protestant, at Arkle Taxi Depot, Clifton Street, Belfast. * 25 November: the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian outside Ewart's Mill, Belfast, whom they mistook for a Catholic. * 25 November: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a car on Portaferry Road,

Newtownards Newtownards is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies at the most northern tip of Strangford Lough, 10 miles (16 km) east of Belfast, on the Ards Peninsula. It is in the civil parish of Newtownards and the historic baron ...

. * 4 December: the UDA shot a Protestant civilian during an attempted robbery of his shop on Upper Glenfarne Street, Belfast. He died on 6 December. * 21 December: a Catholic civilian was found shot and strangled-to-death on Upper Mealough Road, Carryduff. A court was told he was killed by two UDA workmates after drinking with them in Belfast. * 24 December: a Catholic civilian died two months after being shot by the UDA at City Hospital, Belfast.

1975

* 29 January: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at United Paper Merchants on Downshire Place, Belfast. * 9 February: the UDA opened fire on Catholic civilians leaving St Brigid's church on Derryvolgie Avenue, Belfast; two parishioners were killed. * 25 February: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, Fisher Metal Fabrications, on Boucher Road, Belfast. He was singled-out and made to kneel before being shot in the head. The gunmen stole a small sum of money. * 13 March: a Catholic civilian died three weeks after being shot by the UDA in Parke's grocery shop on North Queen Street, Belfast. * 15 March: the UVF shot dead two UDA members in Alexandra Bar, Belfast during a feud between the two groups. * 3 April: republicans shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Highfield Drive, Belfast. * 5 April: republicans killed a UDA volunteer and four Protestant civilians in a bomb attack at the Mountainview Tavern, Shankill Road, Belfast. * 6 April: republicans shot a UDA volunteer dead on Alliance Road, Belfast. * 28 April: the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian working on the railway line near Donegall Road, Belfast; a Catholic workmate was the intended target. * 2 May: the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead at his workplace, Ardoyne Bus Depot, Ardoyne Road, Belfast. * 13 June: a 3-year-old girl was killed and her father (a Catholic civilian) badly wounded by a UDA booby-trap bomb in Belfast. They were following their normal morning routine, with the man taking his daughter in the family car to a nearby nursery school. The bomb had been wired to the car on Sunnyside Park and exploded as the girl got inside. * 14 June: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in a drive-by shooting on New Lodge Road, Belfast. * 20 June: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Fraser Street, Belfast. * 13 July: the UVF shot dead a UDA volunteer in Taughmonagh, Belfast. Part of a feud between the two loyalist groups. * 21 July: the UVF ambushed the Miami Showband on the A1 road at Buskhill in County Down, Northern Ireland. Five people were killed, including three members of the band. * 12 August: the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace off Albertbridge Road, Belfast. He was apparently wrongly thought to have been an IRA member. * 21 August: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Brougham Street in Belfast as he walked to work. * 30 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for killing two Catholic civilians in a gun and grenade attack on the Harp Bar, Belfast. * 1 September: two UDA volunteers were found buried in field near Whitehead, County Antrim. It is believed they had been shot by the UVF as part of a feud between the two loyalist groups. :2 September: the UDA voiced its support, at a conference in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

, for an independent Northern Ireland. * 8 September: the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at the corner of Alfred and Russell streets, Belfast. * 18 September: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian in his

newsagent's shop A newsagent's shop or simply newsagent's or paper shop (British English), newsagency (Australian English) or newsstand (American and Canadian English) is a business that sells newspapers, magazines, cigarettes, snacks and often items of loca ...

at Greenway, Belfast. * 10 October: the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead as he walked along Haywood Avenue, near his home in Belfast. * 29 November: an Irish civilian airport worker was killed when a UDA bomb exploded in a bathroom in

Dublin Airport Dublin Airport ( Irish: ''Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath'') is an international airport serving Dublin, Ireland. It is operated by DAA (formerly Dublin Airport Authority). The airport is located in Collinstown, north of Dublin, and south o ...

. * 20 December: a bomb exploded at Biddy Mulligan's pub in

Kilburn, London Kilburn is an area of north west London, England, which spans the boundary of three London Boroughs: London Borough of Camden, Camden to the east, City of Westminster, London Borough of Brent, Brent to the west. There is also an area in the City ...

, injuring five people. The pub was said to have been frequented by Irish republican sympathizers. The UDA claimed one of its "associate units" carried out the attack. * 21 December: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian (Christine Hughes, aged 43) after breaking into her home at Mountainview Parade, off Crumlin Road, Belfast. She was an active member of the reconciliation group Women Together.

1976

* 22 January: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home at Thirlmere Gardens, Belfast. * 24 January: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Clifton Street, Belfast. The inquest was told he was shot after "a perfectly chance encounter" outside the

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) an ...

club. * 25 January: the UDA bombed the

Ancient Order of Hibernians The Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH; ) is an Irish Catholic fraternal organization. Members must be male, Catholic, and either born in Ireland or of Irish descent. Its largest membership is now in the United States, where it was founded in N ...

social club on Conway Street,

, killing two Catholic civilians. * 31 January: UDA members discovered a woman (Imelda Maxwell) who had been invited to their social club in Sandy Row was Catholic. They attempted to beat her to death with bricks and clubs, leaving her "unrecognisable" to ambulance staff from the Royal Victoria Hospital where she worked. Maxwell suffered permanent brain damage and was "no longer able to lead an independent existence". * 15 February: the UDA shot dead three civilians (two Catholics and one Protestant) at a house on Wolfhill Drive, Belfast. * 17 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for killing a Catholic civilian in a gun attack on McLaughlin's Bar in Claudy, County Londonderry. * 5 March: the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Argyle Street, Belfast, in an internal dispute. * 10 March: the PIRA assassinated Sammy Smyth (former UDA spokesman) on Alliance Avenue, Belfast. * 13 March: the UDA beat a UVF volunteer to death on Aberdeen Street, Belfast. Part of a feud between the two loyalist groups. * 18 March: the UDA stabbed a Catholic civilian to death outside the Cregagh Inn on Cregagh Road, Belfast. * 13 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian (as a purported informer) on Woodstock Road, Belfast. * 28 May: the UDA detonated a no-warning bomb in the Club Bar on University Street, Belfast. Two civilians, one Catholic and one Protestant, were killed. The pub attracted both Catholics and Protestants and had been attacked by loyalists a number of times.McKittrick, p. 649 * 30 May: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead in his

milk float A milk float is a vehicle specifically designed for the delivery of fresh milk. Today, milk floats are usually battery electric vehicles (BEV), but they were formerly horse-drawn floats. They were once common in many European countries, ...

on Springhill Avenue, Belfast. He was shot from close range and his vehicle had crashed into a fence. He was killed by UDA members who picked him out coming from the depot and followed him around the streets. His colleagues went on strike in protest. * 2 June: the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead at his home on Cambrai Street, Belfast. * 4 June: the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian (mistaken for a Catholic) on Waterproof Street, Belfast. * 5 June: the UDA shot dead

Sinn Féin Sinn Féin ( , ; en, " eOurselves") is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active throughout both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Gr ...

activist Colm Mulgrew at Camberwell Terrace, Belfast. * 5 June: the UDA carried out a drive-by shooting at the Crumlin Star Bar in Brompton Park, Belfast; a Catholic civilian died of his wounds two days later. An RUC detective said it was a random sectarian attack. * 11 June: the RUC shot dead a UDA volunteer as he traveled in a stolen car in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. * 17 June: the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians on board a bus on Crumlin Road, Belfast. * 19 June: the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home in Dunmurry. * 3 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing four hotels in the Republic of Ireland. There were explosions in Dublin, Rosslare,

Limerick Limerick ( ; ga, Luimneach ) is a western city in Ireland situated within County Limerick. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. With a population of 94,192 at the 2 ...

and

Killarney Killarney ( ; ga, Cill Airne , meaning 'church of sloes') is a town in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. The town is on the northeastern shore of Lough Leane, part of Killarney National Park, and is home to St Mary's Cathedral, Ross Cast ...

but no fatalities. On 10 July it bombed the Salthill Hotel in

Galway Galway ( ; ga, Gaillimh, ) is a City status in Ireland, city in the West Region, Ireland, West of Ireland, in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Connacht, which is the county town of County Galway. It lies on the River Corrib between Lo ...

, also without fatalities. * 7 July: the UDA shot a Catholic civilian dead at his shop on Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast. * 9 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at their home on Longlands Road, Newtownabbey. * 13 July: the UDA shot dead an Official IRA (OIRA) volunteer outside the Boundary Bar, Shore Road, Belfast. His death notice in the ''Irish Times'' reported that he was on vigilante duty and was believed to have been armed. He was also a Workers' Party member. * 1 August: a Protestant civilian who had been living with a Catholic family on Annalee Street, Belfast, was shot dead by the UDA. * 18 August: the UDA shot a UVF volunteer dead on Flush Road, Belfast as part of a feud between the two groups. * 27 August: UDA members petrol-bombed the home of a young Catholic family on Hillman Street, Belfast. A Catholic couple and their ten-month-old baby were killed. * 31 August: a Catholic civilian was found dead on Carlow Street, Belfast. He had been tied-up with wire, badly beaten and then shot in the head. Police believed UDA members had taken him from a pub and killed him when they found he was a Catholic. He died two days later, on 2 September 1976. * 10 September: the UDA shot a Catholic civilian on Donard Drive, Lisburn. he was cycling to work when he was shot in the back with a shotgun. He died on 20 September 1976. A detective said the motive was sectarian.McKittrick, p. 676 * 11 September: the UDA shot dead one of its own members on Disraeli Street, Belfast in an internal dispute. * 17 September: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Cooldarragh Park, Belfast. * 24 September: the UDA shot dead a 17 year old Catholic civilian in her home on Oldpark Avenue, Belfast; she had been babysitting three children at the time. An RUC detective said her home was the first Catholic home the gunmen came across and that the motive was sectarian. * 24 September: UDA members robbed a grocery shop on Manor Street, Belfast. They shot a 15-year-old Catholic civilian who worked there and she died on 11 October 1976. Another woman, who was active in the Peace Movement, was badly wounded and lost an eye as a result. * 24 September: republicans shot two men dead: a UDA volunteer and a Protestant civilian, at the Cavehill Inn, Cavehill Road, Belfast. * 3 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Knockwellan Park, Derry. * 6 October: the UDA killed two Catholic civilians at their home on Victoria Gardens, Belfast. The men stabbed the woman 36 times and then shot her son-in-law. The inquest was told that the killings might have been revenge for the shooting of two Protestant men (one a UDA volunteer) in a nearby pub on 24 September 1976. * 13 October: the UDA opened fire outside a nationalist pub in Free Derry, killing 2 people, and injuring wounding a PIRA volunteer and a number of civilians. * 28 October: several UDA and UVF volunteers shot dead former Sinn Féin vice-president Máire Drumm in the Mater Hospital, Crumlin Road, Belfast. She had retired a short time before her killing and had been in the hospital for an operation. The gunmen dressed as doctors. A UVF volunteer (formerly a British Army soldier), who worked as a security guard at the hospital, was among a number of men jailed. * 4 November: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead on the bank of the Forth River in Glencairn, Belfast. An RUC detective said it was a sectarian killing carried out by the UDA. * 13 November: the UDA kidnapped a Catholic civilian from Cliftonville Road and shot him dead in a random sectarian killing. * 15 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian at his home in

Greysteel Greysteel or Gresteel is a village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies to the east of Derry and to the west of Limavady on the main A2 coast road between Limavady and Derry, overlooking Lough Foyle. It is designated as a Large V ...

, County Londonderry. He died ten days later, on 25 November. * 22 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian dead at the Happy Landing Bar in Eglinton, County Londonderry. * 30 November: the UDA shot a Catholic civilian dead at her home on Silverstream Road, Belfast. * 20 December: the UVF killed a UDA volunteer on Forthriver Road, Belfast as part of a feud between the two groups.

1977

* 21 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of Sinn Féin activist Michael McHugh at his home in Corgary, County Tyrone. * 22 January: a Catholic civilian (from

County Mayo County Mayo (; ga, Contae Mhaigh Eo, meaning "Plain of the yew trees") is a county in Ireland. In the West of Ireland, in the province of Connacht, it is named after the village of Mayo, now generally known as Mayo Abbey. Mayo County Counci ...

, Republic of Ireland) and a Protestant civilian (apparently mistaken for Catholic) were found shot dead in a burning car on Downing Street, Belfast. * 31 January: the UVF beat to death a UDA member on Adela Street, Belfast as part of a feud between the two groups. * 19 February: the UDA shot a Catholic civilian dead at his home on Clifton Crescent, Belfast. * 17 March: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian as he drove along Cambrai Street, Belfast. :3 May: the UUAC strike began. Loyalist paramilitaries forcibly tried to stop many people going to work and to close any businesses that had opened. * 8 May: a Protestant civilian was found shot dead on wasteground at Forthriver Road, Belfast. He had also been robbed. Detectives said he may have been mistaken for someone from the Republic, due to his Fermanagh accent. * 10 May: the UDA shot dead a bus driver on Crumlin Road, Belfast for working during the strike. * 10 May: two UDA volunteers were killed in a premature bomb explosion at Seagoe Gardens, Newtownabbey. :13 May: the UUAC strike ended. The

(RUC) reported that 3 people had been killed, 41 RUC officers injured, and 115 people charged with offences committed during the strike. * 23 May: UDA members undertook an armed robbery of Ewart's Bowling Club on Somerdale Park, Belfast. A Protestant civilian was shot and died of his wounds on 29 May 1977. * 15 July: the UDA shot dead one of its own members on Old Glencairn Road, Belfast, in an internal dispute. * 21 September: a Protestant civilian was found beaten to death in a quarry near

Moneymore Moneymore () is a village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 1,897 in the 2011 Census. It is situated within Mid-Ulster District. It is an example of a plantation village in Mid-Ulster built by the ...

. He was kidnapped on 14 January 1977 after witnessing a UDA robbery.

1978

* 27 May: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Cavehill Road, Belfast.

1979

* 22 April: a Catholic civilian was found beaten to death in the

Seagoe Saint Gobhan has long been linked with the parish of Seagoe – recorded for instance as ''Teach dho-Ghobha'' – in County Armagh, Ireland. This saint - ''Gobban find mac Lugdach'' (-639), was primarily known for his abbacy of the monastery ...

near

. He was a civil servant and had been kidnapped a month earlier. It is thought the UDA was responsible. * 25 April: the UDA shot dead a PIRA volunteer at his home on Rosevale Street, Belfast. * 26 May: a UDA volunteer was shot by loyalists in the Royal Bar, Shankill Road, Belfast. He died of his wounds on 29 May. * 9 June: the UDA shot an OIRA volunteer dead in a shop on Castle Street, Belfast. * 3 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of a Catholic civilian at his home on Bawnmore Grove, Belfast. * 5 September: loyalist gunmen boarded a bus in the Oldpark, North Belfast, and shot a male Catholic passenger, seriously wounding him. The UFF claimed responsibility. * 8 November: the UDA shot dead two Catholic civilians as they were walking along Thompson Street in the Short Strand area of Belfast. * 3 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Brooke Crescent, Belfast.

1980s

1980

* 4 January: the UDA beat a Catholic civilian to death inside a derelict garage on Berlin Street, Belfast. * 15 April: a UDA volunteer died when his bomb prematurely exploded in Connsbrook Filling Station, Belfast. * 4 June: the UDA shot dead Protestant

Irish Independence Party The Irish Independence Party (IIP) was a nationalist political party in Northern Ireland, founded in October 1977 p. 135. by Frank McManus (former Unity MP for Fermanagh & South Tyrone between 1970 and 1974) and Fergus McAteer (son of Eddi ...

(IIP) member John Turnley in Carnlough, County Antrim. * 13 June: a UDA volunteer died when his bomb prematurely exploded at a community centre on Highfield Drive, Belfast. * 24 August: the UDA shot dead

Irish Republican Socialist Party The Irish Republican Socialist Party or IRSP ( ga, Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisialach na hÉireann) is a Marxist-Leninist and republican party in Ireland. It is often referred to as the "political wing" of the Irish National Liberation Army ( ...

(IRSP) member Rodney McCormick in

Larne Larne (, , the name of a Gaelic territory) is a town on the east coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland, with a population of 18,755 at the 2011 Census. It is a major passenger and freight roll-on roll-off port. Larne is administered by Mid a ...

, County Antrim. * 15 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead

Ronnie Bunting Ronnie Bunting (10 January 1948 – 15 October 1980) was a Protestant Irish republican and socialist activist in Ireland. He became a member of the Official IRA in the early 1970s and was a founder-member of the Irish National Liberation Army (I ...

(a Protestant) and Noel Lyttle (a Catholic) in a house in Downfine Gardens, Belfast. Both were

Irish National Liberation Army The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA, ga, Arm Saoirse Náisiúnta na hÉireann) is an Irish republican socialist paramilitary group formed on 10 December 1974, during the 30-year period of conflict known as " the Troubles". The group se ...

and IRSP volunteers. Bunting's wife, Suzanne, was wounded but recovered. * 12–17 December: 6 UDA prisoners went on

hunger strike A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke a feeling of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most ...

in the

, demanding to be segregated from republican prisoners.

1981

* 16 January: the UDA were believed to be responsible for shooting prominent republican

Bernadette Devlin McAliskey Josephine Bernadette McAliskey (née Devlin; born 23 April 1947), usually known as Bernadette Devlin or Bernadette McAliskey, is an Irish civil rights leader, and former politician. She served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Mid Ulster in Nort ...

(a former MP) and her husband, Michael, at their home near

Moy, County Tyrone Moy () is a village and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland about southeast of Dungannon and beside the smaller village of Charlemont. Charlemont is on the east bank of the River Blackwater and Moy on the west; the two are joined b ...

. Both were shot numerous times but survived. * 27 March: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian on Berwick Road, Belfast. * 16 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Abbeydale Parade, Belfast. * 26 May: the RUC raided UDA headquarters in Belfast and found a number of illegal weapons. At this time the UDA was still a legal organisation. * 2 June: the UDA founded the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP). * 9 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Alliance Avenue, Belfast. * 8 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of an independent republican councillor, Larry Kennedy, who, along with another man, was shot in the foyer of the Shamrock Social Club, Belfast. * 12 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Deerpark Road, Belfast. It also claimed responsibility for bombing Christ the King Roman Catholic church in

Limavady Limavady (; ) is a market town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, with Binevenagh as a backdrop. Lying east of Derry and southwest of Coleraine, Limavady had a population of 12,032 people at the 2011 Census. In the 40 years betwee ...

. Most of the building was destroyed but there were no injuries. * 16 October: the INLA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Denmark Street, Belfast. * 19 October: the RUC shot dead a UDA volunteer driving a stolen car at the junction of the Ballygomartin and Woodvale roads, Belfast. * 4 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for the shooting death of a UDA volunteer on Silvio Street, Belfast. It claimed the man was an informer. * 25 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for firing shots into the

Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 ...

offices of ''

An Phoblacht ''An Phoblacht'' (Irish pronunciation: ; en, "The Republic") is a formerly weekly, and currently monthly newspaper published by Sinn Féin in Ireland. From early 2018 onwards, ''An Phoblacht'' has moved to a magazine format while remaining an ...

''.

1982

* 23 January: the UDA shot dead two of its own volunteers at their home at Rosebery Gardens, Belfast in an internal dispute. * 27 March: a UDA volunteer was shot dead by loyalists in the King Richard Tavern, Castlereagh Road, Belfast. * 14 April: the RUC raided the UDA headquarters and again found weapons. Four UDA volunteers were arrested. * 16 April: James Prior, then

Secretary of State for Northern Ireland A secretary, administrative professional, administrative assistant, executive assistant, administrative officer, administrative support specialist, clerk, military assistant, management assistant, office secretary, or personal assistant is a w ...

, said that he had no plans to make the UDA illegal. * 5 May: the UDA stabbed and shot dead a Protestant civilian during a robbery at her post office in

Killinchy Killinchy () is a townland and small village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is two miles inland from the western shores of Strangford Lough in the Borough of Ards and North Down. It is situated in the townland of the same name, the civil p ...

, County Down. * 26 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Mountainhill Road, Belfast.

1983

* 8 January: the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers on Woodvale Road, Belfast in an internal dispute.

1984

* 14 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding four Sinn Féin members (including SF president Gerry Adams) as they travelled by car through Belfast. * 10 August: a UDA volunteer was killed while trying to escape from Maze Prison. * 16 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a civilian Sinn Féin member, Patrick Brady, on Boucher Road, Belfast.

1985

* 7 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in

Enniskillen Enniskillen ( , from ga, Inis Ceithleann , ' Ceithlenn's island') is the largest town in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is in the middle of the county, between the Upper and Lower sections of Lough Erne. It had a population of 13,823 a ...

. * 27 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and badly wounding a Sinn Féin member outside his home in Belfast. * 8 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a car outside his workplace on Drumbeg Drive,

1986

* 7 August: the UFF announced it was extending its list of "legitimate targets". * 26 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rodney Drive, Belfast. * 16 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians at their home in Ballynahinch, County Down. * 18 October: the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers in the Kimberly Inn on Kimberly Street, Belfast. Internal dispute. * 8 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for planting four

incendiary devices Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices, incendiary munitions, or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires or destroy sensitive equipment using fire (and sometimes used as anti-personnel weaponry), that use materials such as napalm, th ...

in the centre of Dublin. Two exploded in bins on

O'Connell Street O'Connell Street () is a street in the centre of Dublin, Ireland, running north from the River Liffey. It connects the O'Connell Bridge to the south with Parnell Street to the north and is roughly split into two sections bisected by Hen ...

and the other two, also in bins, were defused. * 6 December: a Catholic civilian was badly beaten by UDA volunteers in Tavern Bar on Bridge Street,

. He died on 9 December 1986.

1987

* 23 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian while he delivered bread near

Drumquin Drumquin (Irish: ''Droim Caoin'' (Pleasant ridge).) is a small village and townland (of 398 acres) in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies between Omagh and Castlederg, on the banks of the Drumquin River (Fairywater). It is situated in t ...

, County Tyrone. * 3 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian and dumped his body in a disused quarry off Upper Crumlin Road, Belfast. He was a former internee. * 7 July: the PIRA shot a UDA volunteer dead in a snooker hall on Ligoniel Road, Belfast. * 17 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two Catholic civilians in Belfast. One was shot at his workplace on Lord Street and died on 16 March 1988. Another was shot in his home at Roden Square. * 23 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he drove his car along Netherlands Park, Belfast. * 9 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Forfar Street, Belfast. * 20 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in his car on Prestwick Park, Belfast. * 6 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a former UDA volunteer at his home on Alliance Parade, Belfast. * 9 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic former internee at the man's home, Whitecliff Parade, Belfast. * 9 November: the UDA shot dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace on Highview Crescent, Belfast. They believed he was a Catholic. * 11 November: loyalist gunmen shot a Catholic civilian at his cafe Crumlin Road, Ardoyne, Belfast. He died five days later. No group claimed responsibility. * 22 December:

John McMichael John McMichael (9 January 1948 – 22 December 1987) was a Northern Irish loyalist who rose to become the most prominent and charismatic figure within the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) as the Deputy Commander and leader of its South Belfa ...

, deputy leader of the UDA, was assassinated by a booby-trap bomb attached to his car by the PIRA outside his home, Hilden Court,

1988

* 16 January: the UDA shot dead an off-duty Protestant

soldier on Park Road, Belfast. He was evidently mistaken for a Catholic. * 25 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace in Dundrum, County Down. * 15 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Annadale Embankment, Belfast. * 16 March:

Milltown Cemetery attack The Milltown Cemetery attack (also known as the Milltown Cemetery killings or Milltown massacre) took place on 16 March 1988 at Milltown Cemetery in Belfast, Northern Ireland. During the large funeral of three Provisional IRA members killed ...

– at the funeral of three PIRA members, UDA member Michael Stone attacked the mourners with two handguns and grenades. Two civilians and a PIRA volunteer were killed, and more than sixty other people were wounded. * 10 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Newington Street, Belfast. * 6 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he waited for a lift to work in Dromore, County Down. * 7 September: the

Irish People's Liberation Organisation The Irish People's Liberation Organisation was a small Irish socialist republican paramilitary organisation formed in 1986 by disaffected and expelled members of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), whose factions coalesced in the afterm ...

(IPLO) shot dead a UDA volunteer on Century Street, Belfast. * 23 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Waterville Street, Belfast. * 15 October: as part of an internal dispute, the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead leading UDA member James Craig.CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths – 1988 One civilian was killed and four wounded in the attack at The Castle Inn, Beersbridge Road, Belfast.

1989

* 25 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at his workplace on Kingsmore Link Road, Lisburn. They believed he was a Catholic. * 12 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a solicitor Pat Finucane at his home Fortwilliam Drive, Belfast. He had represented a number of republicans in high-profile cases. * 20 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace in

Donaghcloney Donaghcloney or Donacloney ()Rathfriland Rathfriland () is a market town in County Down, Northern Ireland. History In older documents written in English, the town's name was usually spelt ''Rathfylan'' or ''Rathfrilan''.

, County Down. Before his death, he said he had been repeatedly threatened by RUC officers and UDR soldiers. After the killing, the UFF showed a BBC reporter pictures of alleged IRA suspects acquired from the security forces. Maginn's picture was included on the montage. In March 1992, two UDR soldiers and another man were convicted of murdering Maginn.

1990s

1990

* 2 January: Harry Dickey, a member of the UDA and the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP), was killed by a PIRA booby-trap bomb attached to his car outside his home at Larkfield Manor, Belfast.Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland: 1990
.

Conflict Archive on the Internet CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the present. The project began in 1996, with the website launching in 1997. The project is based within ...

(CAIN).McKittrick, p. 1190 * 10 February: shots were fired at an RUC patrol on the Shankill Road, Belfast. It was believed to be a reaction to the ongoing Stevens Inquiry investigating collusion in Northern Ireland between loyalist paramilitaries and state security forces. * 11 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Kashmir Road, Belfast. * 18 April: the UFF threatened prison wardens with "the strongest possible action" following clashes over the issue of segregation between loyalist and republican prisoners at Crumlin Road jail, Belfast. * 7 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and seriously injuring Sinn Féin director of publicity Sean Keenan at his west Belfast home. * 15 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian (Martin Hughes) at his home on Huguenot Drive, Lisburn. The UFF claimed he was a member of the IRA but this was denied by his family. * 31 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Valleyside Close, Belfast. * 7 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian (Emmanuel Shields) at his home on Deramore Street, Belfast. The UFF claimed he had been involved in "intelligence work" for the IRA but this was denied by Sinn Féin. * 23 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA volunteer and a Protestant civilian in the County Down Arms, Lisburn. It claimed the UDA man was an informer. He died on 7 October. The UFF apologized for shooting the civilian. * 16 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Rosapenna Street, Belfast. * 25 October: a UDA volunteer was found shot dead behind a row of shops at Finwood Park, Belfast. The UFF claimed it killed him for being an informer.

1991

* 18 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for a shooting which injured a prominent UDA member and a woman outside a social club in the Shankill Road area of Belfast.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 293, p. 21-22. Fortnight Publications, 1991. * 27 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rosapenna Court, Belfast. * 4 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for six firebombs left in commercial premises in Dublin, including

Clerys Clerys was a long-established department store on O'Connell Street in Dublin, Ireland, a focal point of the street. The business dates from 1853, however the current building dates from 1922, having been completely destroyed in the 1916 Ea ...

department store on O'Connell Street. The devices were described as "crude" with no timing mechanisms or power source. * 2 March: the UFF left a firebomb in a Dublin shopping centre.Peter Heathwood Collection of television programs: 1991
.

(CAIN). * 3 April: a Catholic taxi driver was found shot dead beside his burning car on Thompson's Lane, Belfast. He had been shot in the head by three men who asked for a lift. Although the gun used was traced to the UVF, the UVF denied responsibility. According to reliable loyalist sources, the UDA was responsible. Detectives said the taxi firm was targeted because most of its staff were Catholic. * 11 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting two men in a South Belfast car park. In a statement they claimed one of the men, a Catholic, was a member of family "steeped in Republicanism" but apologised for injuring the other, a Protestant. * 17 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian taxi driver, after he had been lured to a bogus call on Dunluce Avenue, Belfast. * 26 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian on London Street, Belfast. The gunmen had asked him where he lived before shooting. * 29 April: the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) (acting on behalf of all loyalist paramilitaries) announced a ceasefire lasting until 4 July. This was to coincide with political talks between the four main parties (the Brooke-Mayhew talks). * 25 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin councillor

Eddie Fullerton Edward "Eddie" Fullerton (26 March 1935 – 25 May 1991) was a Sinn Féin councillor from Inishowen in County Donegal, Ireland. He was killed at his Buncrana home in May 1991 by members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA). Childhood and ...

at his home in

Buncrana Buncrana ( ; ) is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. It is beside Lough Swilly on the Inishowen peninsula, northwest of Derry and north of Letterkenny. In the 2016 census, the population was 6,785 making it the second most populous town in ...

, stating that their ceasefire only applied in Northern Ireland. * 29 June: the PIRA assassinated UDA/UDP member Cecil McKnight at his home in

. * 6 July: the UFF attempted to kill a woman on bail on an IRA charge at Beechmount, west Belfast. * 27 July: the UFF said it had planted bombs in eight towns in the Republic of Ireland. Three exploded at a department store in Dublin, one at supermarket in

Sligo Sligo ( ; ga, Sligeach , meaning 'abounding in shells') is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo, Ireland, within the western province of Connacht. With a population of approximately 20,000 in 2016, it is the largest urban ce ...

, one at a pub in

Dundalk Dundalk ( ; ga, Dún Dealgan ), meaning "the fort of Dealgan", is the county town (the administrative centre) of County Louth, Ireland. The town is on the Castletown River, which flows into Dundalk Bay on the east coast of Ireland. It is h ...

and another at a pub in Dunleer. There were no fatalities. * 9 August: the PIRA shot dead UDA/UDP volunteer Gary Lynch at his workplace in Derry. * 12 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead civilian Sinn Féin election worker Pádraig Ó Seanacháin in

Castlederg Castlederg (earlier Caslanadergy, ) is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Derg and is near the border with County Donegal, Ireland. It stands in the townlands of Castlesessagh and Churchtown, in the historic barony ...

, County Tyrone. * 14 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for trying to kill a Sinn Féin member on Rosapenna Street, Belfast. It also claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb at the Hatfield House pub on the Lower Ormeau Road, Belfast. * 16 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead civilian Sinn Féin election worker Thomas Donaghy in Kilrea, County Londonderry. * 31 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian who was lured to Vicinage Court, Belfast. * 3 September: the UDA shot dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Springfield Avenue, Belfast. * 4 September: South African-born Dr Adrian Guelke, a Queen's University lecturer was injured in a shooting by UFF gunmen at his south Belfast home. South African intelligence had used a doctored RUC report to convince the UDA that Guelke was associated with the IRA. * 13 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for planting two bombs in mainly nationalist/Catholic areas. The bombs were defused by the British Army. * 16 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Sinn Féin civilian election worker and politician, Bernard O'Hagan, in Magherafelt, County Londonderry. * 7 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempt on the life of a Catholic taxi driver on Ravenhill Road, Belfast. The attacker's gun jammed. * 8 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for burning a

Gaelic Athletic Association The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA; ga, Cumann Lúthchleas Gael ; CLG) is an Irish international amateur sporting and cultural organisation, focused primarily on promoting indigenous Gaelic games and pastimes, which include the traditional ...

(GAA) hall in Kircubbin, County Down. * 10 October: the

(IPLO) shot dead a UDA volunteer in the Diamond Jubilee Bar on Shankill Road, Belfast. * 10 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic taxi driver as he drove along Rosapenna Street, Belfast. * 14 October: a man survived a UFF attack in East Belfast. * 14 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic taxi driver, after he had been lured to a bogus call at Finnis Drive, Belfast. * 15 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Ravenhill Road, Belfast. * 16 October: a Catholic civilian died two days after being found shot in a car on Tamar Street, Belfast; the UFF claimed responsibility. * 24 October: a man was wounded by the UFF in Newtownards, County Down.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 301, p. 24-25. Fortnight Publications, 1991. * 25 October: a man from Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin, was beaten and shot in the head by the UFF, having been seized in a bar on the Shankill Road in Belfast. * 5 November: at a

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly ...

match at

Windsor Park Windsor Park is a association football, football stadium in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is the home ground of Linfield F.C. who own the land the stadium is built on, while the Irish Football Association own and operate the stadium and pay Li ...

in Belfast, the UDA/UFF threw a grenade at the supporters of the

Cliftonville Cliftonville is a coastal area of the town of Margate, situated to the east of the main town, in the Thanet district of Kent, South East England, United Kingdom. It also contains the area known as Palm Bay. The original Palm Bay estate was ...

team, whose members have traditionally been predominantly Catholic nationalists. * 8 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man who had been convicted in 1980 of PIRA membership, on Corporation Street, Belfast. * 13 November: the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Lecale Street, Belfast. The man's stepson, a RHC member, was also killed. * 14 November: the UFF shot and wounded the brother of leading

figure Kevin McQuillan in west Belfast. * 24 November: the PIRA killed two loyalists, a UDA volunteer and a UVF volunteer, when a time bomb exploded in a dining hall of

Crumlin Road Prison HMP Belfast, also known as Crumlin Road Gaol, is a former prison situated on the Crumlin Road in north Belfast, Northern Ireland. Since 1996 it is the only remaining Victorian era former prison in Northern Ireland. It is colloquially known as ' ...

, Belfast. * 25 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian deliveryman on Kandahar Street, Belfast. * 3 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for firebombing government offices in Dundonald, County Down. * 13 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for the attempted killing of a prisoner officer in Belfast. * 19 December: the UFF warned it had planted 12 firebombs in large stores in Dublin. Gardaí only found one device. * 21 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Fortuna Street, Belfast. * 22 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in the Devenish Arms, Finaghy Road North, Belfast.

1992

* 9 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his chip van on Airport Road in Moira, County Down. * 14 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA member at his home on Coronation Park in Dundonald, County Down. It claimed he was an informer. * 30 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian on Longstone Street, Lisburn. * 2 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Rosemount Gardens, Belfast. * 5 February: The UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a bookmaker's shop on Lower Ormeau Road, Belfast. Five Catholic civilians were killed and three wounded. This was claimed to be a retaliation for the

Teebane bombing The Teebane bombing (or Teebane massacre) took place on 17 January 1992 at a rural crossroads between Omagh and Cookstown in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. A roadside bomb destroyed a van carrying 14 construction workers who had been repai ...

by the IRA on 17 January 1992. * 14 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for seriously injuring Catholic man in a gun ambush shortly after he left his parents home at Copeland Drive, Coleraine, County Londonderry. * 21 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun and grenade attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in Ardoyne, Belfast.Peter Heathwood Collection of television programs: 1992
.

(CAIN). * 10 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for seriously wounding a west Belfast taxi driver in a gun attack at Knock Eden Drive, south Belfast.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 306, p. 28-29. Fortnight Publications, 1992. * 12 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Alliance Avenue, Belfast. * 23 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed murder attempt on Lepper Street, North Belfast; their intended victim wasn't home. * 29 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for a firebomb which exploded in a Dublin fabric store. * 2 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member Danny Cassidy in Kilrea, County Londonderry. * 10 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired into a home in Whiteabbey, Belfast. * 15 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UDA volunteer at his home on Grahams Bridge Road in Dundonald, County Down. It claimed he was an informer. * 28 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian working in a chemist shop on Springfield Road, Belfast. * 18 May: an incendiary device was found in a wallpaper shop in the centre of Dublin. Gardaí believed it was from a batch planted by the UFF in December 1991. * 8 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Kerrsland Drive, Belfast. * 22 July: a UFF assassination squad in transit was intercepted and arrested by the RUC at Finaghy Road North on the outskirts of West Belfast. * 31 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for gun and grenade attacks on two houses in the Grosvenor Road area of Belfast. It said Irish republicans were the target. :10 August: Patrick Mayhew, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, announced that the UDA and UFF were to be proscribed (banned) effective midnight. * 28 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man whose wife was a former Sinn Féin councillor in County Antrim. * 31 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for three firebombs planted in Dublin city centre, stating it wouldn't tolerate "continued interference in the internal affairs of our country". * 14 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Belfast Dockers Club, where a charity event was taking place inside. Three people were wounded. * 18 September: shots were fired at the home of a prison officer in Belfast, two days after a UDA threat to kill wardens.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 311, p. 34-35. Fortnight Publications, 1992. * 24 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a former PIRA volunteer in Dundonald, County Down. * 27 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on North Queen Street, Belfast. * 30 September: the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer in Annadale Flats, Belfast. * 30 September: gunmen fired into a house in the Whitewell area of north Belfast, showering a baby with glass. * 1 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and injuring two Catholic men driving to work in Ligonel, Belfast. * 5 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack that injured a Catholic couple at their mobile home near Lisburn, County Antrim. * 11 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for an incendiary device which damaged a bookshop in Letterkenny, Count Donegal.''Evening Herald'', 15 October 1992. * 15 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for two incendiary devices discovered in a supermarket in Letterkenny, Count Donegal. * 27 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for the attempted murder of a Catholic man in north Belfast.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 312, p. 24-25. Fortnight Publications, 1992. * 28 October: a prison officer's home near Belfast was damaged by an explosion. The UFF was blamed. * 4 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian outside his parents' home on Fernwood Street, Belfast. * 6 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a security guard at the Mater Hospital in North Belfast. The Red Hand Commando also claimed responsibility. * 6 November: the UFF announced it was extending its campaign to include "the entire Republican community". * 7 November: the UDA beat a Protestant civilian to death at her home in Annadale Flats, Belfast. * 14 November: Attack on James Murray's bookmakers: the UFF claimed responsibility for killing three Catholic civilians in a gun and grenade attack on a bookmaker's shop on Oldpark Road, Belfast. * 9 December: the UFF carried out seven firebomb attacks on shops in Dublin,

Moville Moville (; ) is a coastal town located on the Inishowen Peninsula of County Donegal, Ireland, close to the northern tip of the island of Ireland. It is the first coastal town of the Wild Atlantic Way when starting on the northern end. Locatio ...

and

in the Republic of Ireland. * 13 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member and former PIRA volunteer Malachy Carey in

Ballymoney Ballymoney ( ga, Baile Monaidh , meaning 'townland of the moor') is a small town and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is within the Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council area. The civil parish of Ballymoney is situated i ...

, County Antrim. * 14 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for firing shots at the house of a Sinn Féin member on New Lodge Road, Belfast. * 31 December: the UFF launched a gun attack on the Sean Graham Bookmakers at Flax Street in Ardoyne, Belfast but their gun jammed. * 31 December: the UFF issued a statement in which it threatened to raise its campaign of violence "to a ferocity never imagined".

1993

* 14 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic man and former PIRA volunteer, Anthony Butler, as he sat in a friend's house on Agra Street, Belfast. Butler's mother denied the UFF's claim he was an INLA member. * 2 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for planting firebombs outside the homes of two SDLP councillors in Belfast. * 8 February: a UFF murder attempt in north Belfast failed when the householder blocked the door.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 315, p. 34-35. Fortnight Publications, 1993. * 12 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for wounding a Catholic man in an attack at his west Belfast home. * 23 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting three taxi drivers at Castle Court, Belfast.Peter Heathwood Collection of television programs: 1993
.

(CAIN). * 10 March: the PIRA shot dead a UDA volunteer on Century Street in the lower Oldpark area, North Belfast. * 15 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a van on Quay Road in

, County Antrim. * 17 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for an incendiary bomb planted outside a pub on the Springfield Road, Belfast, crowded with patrons celebrating St. Patrick's Day. * 17 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a house in the Jamaica Street area of Belfast which killed a dog. * 24 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Sinn Féin activist, Peter Gallagher, at his workplace on Grosvenor Road, Belfast. * 24 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in the Ardoyne area of Belfast. * 25 March:

Castlerock killings The Castlerock killings took place on 25 March 1993 in the village of Castlerock, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), a loyalist paramilitary group, shot dead three Catholic civilians and a ...

– the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead three Catholic civilians and a PIRA volunteer at a building site in Castlerock, County Londonderry. * 25 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at Dairy Farm Shopping Centre in Belfast. * 25 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing the homes of two SDLP councillors in Banbridge, County Down. * 26 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic teenager in Twinbrook, Belfast. Another man was injured but survived when gun jammed. * 26 March: the UFF tried to kill Protestant man who had just been released from jail on a UDA extortion charge. * 31 March: a Catholic man escaped a UFF attack in south Belfast. * 1 April: an undercover British soldier shot and wounded a UDA member at the Shankill Road home of UFF commander Johnny Adair, after he was challenged by them. The soldier was part of a 14 Intelligence Company team carrying a surveillance operation on Adair's activities. * 1 April: a Catholic taxi-driver was seriously wounded outside the Mater Hospital on the Crumlin Road, Belfast. * 29 April: the UFF carried out a gun attack on a bookmaker's shop in Belfast. Five civilians were wounded. One of the rifles jammed which likely saved lives. * 1 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead Sinn Féin member and former PIRA volunteer Alan Lundy at the home of Alex Maskey in Belfast. * 10 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for wounding a Catholic civilian in a gun attack in east Belfast, where he was delivering a takeway.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 318, p. 30-31. Fortnight Publications, 1993. * 11 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shots fired at three Catholic construction workers at a site in east Belfast. * 17 May: a UFF gunman was shot by a British soldier in a lookout post after a gun attack on a Sinn Féin advice centre in North Belfast, another UFF member involved was arrested after a house nearby was surrounded by a large RUC/British Army force. Unionist politician

Nigel Dodds Nigel Alexander Dodds, Baron Dodds of Duncairn, (born 20 August 1958), is a British unionist politician who has been the Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in the House of Lords since 2021, and was the deputy leader of the DU ...

offered to mediate during the siege. * 2 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian while he drove a lorry in

Comber Comber ( , , locally ) is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies south of Newtownards, at the northern end of Strangford Lough. It is situated in the townland of Town Parks, the civil parish of Comber and the historic barony of Ca ...

, County Down. * 7 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the home of a Sinn Féin election agent in Castlewellan. Co Down. Gunmen tried to force entry into the house and when they failed, they fired several shots through a bedroom window. * 9 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on the home of Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams in west Belfast. * 15 June the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempted murder on the Oldpark Road, Belfast. * 4 July: the UFF launched attacks on the RUC during unrest in Loyalist areas following the rerouting of an Orange Order march in the Springfield Area of Belfast and the death of a UVF member. * 4 July: the UFF claimed responsibility responsibility for a grenade attack on a Catholic social club in Lisburn. One man suffered shrapnel injuries, and a woman was treated for shock.''Nottingham Evening Post'', 5 July 1993 * 17 July: the UFF rang the BBC in Belfast claiming to have "spiked" jars of food in supermarkets in the Republic. Gardaí dismissed the UFF's claim as a hoax. * 20 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for bomb attacks on the homes of three SDLP politicians: **a bomb damaged the car of SDLP MP

Joe Hendron Joseph Gerard Hendron (born 12 November 1932) is a Northern Ireland politician, a member of the centre-left Irish nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). Hendron, also a local GP physician for 40 years, was first elected as a poli ...

at Brislow Park, Belfast. **a bomb was destroyed by the British Army in a controlled explosion at the home of SDLP councillor Brian Feeney in Bristow Avenue, Belfast. **a bomb exploded at the vacant home of SDLP councillor Mary Muldoon on the Lisburn Road, Belfast."Month in Focus", ''Police Beat'', Volume 15 No. 8, Police Federation for Northern Ireland, 1993 * 23 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb that partially exploded outside a Sinn Féin office in the New Lodge area of Belfast. * 27 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for exploding a bomb at the home of a SDLP councillor in Newtownabbey. * 28 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor in Twinbrook, Belfast. * 30 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on a man whose car had broken down on the M2 Motorway in Belfast. * 8 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead the 21-year-old son of Sinn Féin councillor Bobby Lavery at their home in Belfast. * 11 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb under a car on Saintfield Road, Belfast; a Catholic married couple were treated for shrapnel wounds and children in the car suffered shock. * 24 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attached to the underside of a Catholic family's car in East Belfast. * 26 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for a failed assassination attempt in the Ardoyne area of Belfast. * 30 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at her home on Fortwilliam Park, Belfast. * 3 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Finaghy Park Central, Belfast. * 7 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his barber shop on Donegall Road, Belfast. The original target was a well-known INLA gunman who worked as a barber nearby. As the UDA/UFF gunman left the premises he also fired at a receptionist who escaped injury by diving under the counter. * 9 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for bombing the home of republican

Gino Gallagher Gino Gallagher (c. 1963 – 30 January 1996) was an Irish republican who was Chief of Staff of the Irish National Liberation Army The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA, ga, Arm Saoirse Náisiúnta na hÉireann) is an Irish republican soc ...

on Farnham Street, Belfast. * 16 September: UFF members staged a show of force in the Shankill area of Belfast following an abortive assassination attempt by Republicans the previous evening.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 322, p. 32-33. Fortnight Publications, 1993. * 17 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for firebomb attacks on

(GAA) halls near Banbridge, County Down and in west Belfast, earlier in the week. * 20 September: UFF gunmen fired shots over the west Belfast Peace line at a home in the Springfield Park. * 21 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for bombs at the homes of several SDLP politicians: **a small bomb exploded outside the bedroom window of an SDLP councillor in

, County Down. **a bomb exploded at the home of an SDLP councillor in Cranmore Park, Belfast. **a suspect device was defused by the British Army outside the home of an SDLP councillor in Ballynahinch, County Down. **a bomb exploded at the front door of SDLP MP

at Brislow Park, Belfast, causing significant damage. **a bomb exploded at the home of an SDLP councillor in

."Month in Focus", ''Police Beat'', Volume 15 No. 9, Police Federation for Northern Ireland, 1993 * 23 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic man at Ava Park, Belfast. * 23 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for firing several shots through the window of a home at Ladbrook Drive in the Ardoyne area of Belfast. The Catholic family inside, two adults and two children, narrowly avoided injury. * 25 September: the British Army defused a small bomb left outside the front window of the Falls Community Centre on Kennedy Way in west Belfast. * 27 September: the UFF called on Unionists to withdraw from all forms of government. * 30 September: the British Army defused a pipe bomb with shrapnel discovered by the driver of a mechanical digger under his seat in Severn Street, east Belfast. * 1 October: the UFF claimed they planted a bomb in an inspection duct near Dublin city centre bus depot on September 18, and also repeated an earlier claim of having contaminated food in Dublin supermarkets during the summer. The device was discovered and defused on 25 November. * 1 October: UFF gunmen fired several shots at a Catholic man near Shamrock GAA Club in the Ardoyne area of North Belfast. * 6 October: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on Derby House Bar on Stewartstown Road, Belfast. One Catholic civilian was killed and two wounded. The UFF said it had intended to kill more people but the gun jammed. * 7 October: a Catholic family in Larne, County Antrim survived a UFF pipe bomb attack.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Greysteel massacre The Greysteel massacreCrawford, Colin. ''Inside the UDA''. Pluto Press, 2003. p. 193 was a mass shooting that took place on the evening of 30 October 1993 in Greysteel, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Members of the Ulster Defence Associ ...

– the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Rising Sun Bar in

, County Londonderry. One gunman was heard to shout "

trick or treat Trick-or-treating is a traditional Halloween custom for children and adults in some countries. During the evening of Halloween, on October 31, people in costumes travel from house to house, asking for treats with the phrase "trick or treat". The ...

!" before he fired into the crowded room, a reference to the

Halloween Halloween or Hallowe'en (less commonly known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve) is a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Saints' Day. It begins the observan ...

party taking place. Eight civilians (six Catholics, two Protestants) were killed and twelve wounded. The UFF claimed that it had attacked the "nationalist electorate" in revenge for the Shankill Road bombing of 23 October 1993. * 30 November: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, Dundonald, County Down. * 2 December: a Catholic man survived a Loyalist gun attack at his home in Dunmurray, Belfast. * 2 December: the UFF/UDA members staged a show of strength displaying various types of automatic weapons including AK-47 rifles, an

SA80 The SA80 (Small Arms for the 1980s) is a British family of 5.56×45mm NATO service weapons used by the British Army. The L85 Rifle variant has been the standard issue service rifle of the British Armed Forces since 1987, replacing the L1A1 Se ...

assault rifle, Uzi submachine guns, and a belt-fed

M60 machine gun The M60, officially the Machine Gun, Caliber 7.62 mm, M60, is a family of American general-purpose machine guns firing 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges from a disintegrating belt of M13 links. There are several types of ammunition approved fo ...

. * 5 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead two Catholic civilians (one of whom was a child) as they sat in a car on Ligoniel Road, Belfast. * 7 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Hillview Avenue, Belfast. * 13 December: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at a flat on Boundary Walk, Belfast. It claimed he was an informer.

1994

* 2 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for firing about thirty shots at the home of Sinn Féin councillor Alex Maskey. * 6 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and wounding a Catholic civilian in west Belfast. * 8 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket and gun attack on a pub on the Falls Road in Belfast, which wounded three people. * 10 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for wounding a Catholic civilian outside a factory in the Dongeall Road area of Belfast. * 16 January: '' The Sunday Independent'' (Dublin based newspaper) contained a story about an alleged UDA plan to carry out "

ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, and religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making a region ethnically homogeneous. Along with direct removal, extermination, deportation or population transfer ...

". The plan involved the repartition of Northern Ireland followed by the forced removal of Catholics from the remaining area. * 24 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for planting firebombs at a school in

and a postal sorting office in Dublin. * 27 January: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in his lodgings on Kandahar Street, Belfast. * 7 February: the UFF carried out a failed grenade attack on Sinn Féin's headquarters in West Belfast. * 8 February: UFF gunmen attacked a home in the lower Ormeau area of Belfast.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 327, p. 30-31. Fortnight Publications, 1994. * 9 February: a UFF shrapnel bomb exploded in west Belfast. A similar device exploded on a site in Lisburn, County Armagh. * 11 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for gun attacks on the homes of two SDLP members. One person was wounded. * 12 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket attack on the headquarters of Sinn Féin in west Belfast. * 13 February: the UFF planted three explosive devices in chocolate boxes outside homes in Belfast, one intended for the relative of a Sinn Féin councillor. * 18 February: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on the Sinn Féin headquarters in west Belfast, which wounded three workmen. * 4 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on the home of IRSP chairman Kevin McQuillan in west Belfast.De Baroid, Ciaran (2000). ''Ballymurphy and the Irish War''. Pluto Press, pp. 362-64; * 12 March: a Catholic civilian was wounded after UFF gunmen opened fire from a passing car in the Oldpark area of Belfast. * 29 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for a rocket and gun attack on the Sinn Féin office on Falls Road, Belfast. * 30 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for an attempt on the life of a Catholic couple at their home in the Malone Road area of south Belfast. * 31 March: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting three Catholic workmen in the Braniel area of Belfast.Peter Heathwood Collection of television programs: 1994
.

(CAIN). * 6 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack at a taxi depot in the Turf Lodge area of Belfast. * 14 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for killing Theresa Clinton (aged 33), a Catholic civilian during a gun attack on her home on Balfour Avenue, Belfast. Her husband was a Sinn Féin member. * 14 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic civilian and his disabled son as they said prayers in north Belfast. * 18 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a man in the face on Newtownards Road, Belfast. * 18 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for an aborted assassination attempt at the postal sorting office, Belfast. * 26 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his home on Lepper Street, Belfast. * 27 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a taxi on Springfield Park, Belfast. * 30 April: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic security guard in Newtownabbey. * 12 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his relative's house on Crumlin Road, Belfast. * 15 May: UFF gunmen opened fire on a republican hunger-strike commemoration march on the Fall Road, Belfast. * 21 May: Loyalist gunmen fired on RUC officers during unrest across Belfast following the arrest of several UDA/UFF members, including senior figure Johnny Adair. RUC officers returned fire in the Claire Glen area and believed one person may have been hit. * 23 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on the Sinn Féin office in Belfast City Hall. Two workers were injured. * 26 May: a Protestant man was seriously injured by a UFF bomb, intended for a Catholic civilian, in Dunmurray, on the outskirts of Belfast.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 330, p. 30-31. Fortnight Publications, 1994. * 28 May: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting and seriously injuring a Catholic civilian in north Belfast. The victim was found lying in an industrial estate in the Crumlin Road. * 8 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for firing a rocket at Monahan's pub in the docks area Belfast. The RUC fired shots at the attackers as they fled and recovered the rocket launcher. * 8 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for planting a firebomb at a snooker club in

Trim, County Meath Trim () is a town in County Meath, Ireland. It is situated on the River Boyne and has a population of 9,194. The town is noted for Trim Castle – the largest Norman castle in Ireland. One of the two cathedrals of the United Dioceses of Meat ...

, Republic of Ireland. The bomb caused little damage. * 14 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for several bombs; one in Lurgan, County Armagh and two in west Belfast. One of the Belfast bombs was left outside the Sinn Féin office in Andersontown, none exploded. * 16 June: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man at the Falls Road/Donegall Road junction, Belfast. * 3 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb planted outside the home of a Catholic family on Barrack Street, Belfast. The device was defused by the British Army. * 7 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for two attacks against the homes of prison officers in Belfast. There were no injuries. The attacks came hours after the UFF threatened prison officers and their families over a dispute in the

. * 9 July: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead at Killymoon Golf Club in

, County Tyrone. The UFF claimed responsibility. * 11 July: the PIRA shot dead UDA volunteer (and Ulster Democratic Party member) Raymond Smallwoods outside his home in Lisburn. * 15 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic man in Dromore, County Down. * 17 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for a gun attack on John Loy's pub in Annaclone, County Down. Those inside were watching the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final. Seven Catholic civilians were wounded. * 21 July: the UFF fired on the home of a Catholic man in the Finaghy area of Belfast.''

Fortnight Magazine ''Fortnight'' was a monthly political and cultural magazine published in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

'', Issue 331, p. 28-31. Fortnight Publications, 1994. * 22 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his friend's house on Camross Park in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. * 24 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic workman in north Belfast. The same UFF gunman also opened fire on shopkeepers opening their premises. * 25 July: the UFF claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on the home of a businessman in north Belfast. * 30 July: a Catholic civilian was injured was wounded after the UFF fired on a taxi depot on the Grosvenor Road, Belfast. * 31 July: the PIRA shot dead high-ranking UDA members Joe Bratty and Raymond Elder on the Ormeau Road, Belfast. * 2 August: a meeting was held by representatives of the UDA and UVF. At that meeting it was decided that loyalist paramilitaries would continue attacking Catholic civilians regardless of any future PIRA ceasefire. * 2 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for gun attacks on Catholic homes in north and east Belfast. * 3 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting a Catholic workman on Woodvale Road, Belfast. * 10 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian security guard at a supermarket at Orby Link, Belfast. * 11 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace, a printing press, on William Street in

Lurgan Lurgan () is a town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, near the southern shore of Lough Neagh. Lurgan is about south-west of Belfast and is linked to the city by both the M1 motorway and the Belfast–Dublin railway line. It had a population ...

, County Armagh. His employed denied a UFF claim that it printed the Sinn Féin magazine ''An Phoblacht''. * 14 August: a Catholic civilian was found shot dead on waste ground off Ottawa Street, Belfast. The UFF claimed responsibility. * 17 August: a Catholic taxi driver escaped injury in a UFF gun attack in the Springfield Road area of Belfast. * 20 August: several shots were fired into two homes, one of them belonging to an RUC officer, in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. The UFF was blamed. * 1 September: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian outside his friend's house on Skegoneill Avenue, Belfast. :13 October: the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC), speaking on behalf of all Loyalist paramilitaries, announced a ceasefire as from midnight. It stated that "The permanence of our cease-fire will be completely dependent upon the continued cessation of all nationalist/republican violence".

1996

* 18 July:

in Dublin was sealed off for six hours following a UFF bomb hoax. * 22 December: the UDA planted a booby-trap bomb under the car of Provisional IRA Ardoyne commander Eddie Copeland seriously injuring him.

1997

* 11 June: the UDA shot dead a former member of the " Shankill Butchers" group on Woodvale Road, Belfast, allegedly in retaliation for his part in the murder of a UDA volunteer in the 1970s. * 7 July: Brian Morton, a "dedicated" member of the UDA and alleged the second-in-command in the UFF South Belfast Brigade, died when a bomb he was holding prematurely exploded at a UDA arms dump by the River Lagan Towpath in

Dunmurry Dunmurry (; ) is an urban townland in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Dunmurry is in the Collin electoral ward for the local government district of Belfast City Council. History Until the end of the 18th century, Dunmurry was largely an agricul ...

. * 31 December: the UDA/UFF was blamed for a gun attack on Clifton Tavern, Cliftonville Road, Belfast. One Catholic civilian was killed and five were wounded. Although the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) claimed responsibility, the RUC believed that UDA/UFF members took part.

1998

* 19 January: UDA South Belfast Brigade commander Jim Guiney was shot dead by the

(INLA) in Dunmurry. Later that day, the UDA/UFF was blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in his taxi on Ormeau Road, Belfast. Although the LVF claimed responsibility, the RUC believed that UDA/UFF members took part. * 21 January: the UDA/UFF was blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian at his workplace on Utility Street, Belfast. * 22 January: the UFF issued a statement saying that it was reinstating its ceasefire following a "measured military response". The statement was seen as an admission that the UDA/UFF had been responsible for the recent killings. * 26 January: the UDP was expelled from the multi-party talks. * 10 February: the PIRA was blamed for shooting dead a leading UDA volunteer as he sat in his car on Station View, Dunmurry. :24 April: the UDA/UFF issued a statement in support of the

Belfast Agreement The Good Friday Agreement (GFA), or Belfast Agreement ( ga, Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta or ; Ulster-Scots: or ), is a pair of agreements signed on 10 April 1998 that ended most of the violence of The Troubles, a political conflict in No ...

, saying it would not lead to a

united Ireland United Ireland, also referred to as Irish reunification, is the proposition that all of Ireland should be a single sovereign state. At present, the island is divided politically; the sovereign Republic of Ireland has jurisdiction over the maj ...

1999

:10 December: five masked men representing the UFF held a meeting with the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD). The five men were: Johnny Adair, William "Winkie" Dodds, John Gregg,

Jackie McDonald John "Jackie" McDonald (born 2 August 1947) is a Northern Irish loyalist and the incumbent Ulster Defence Association (UDA) brigadier for South Belfast, having been promoted to the rank by former UDA commander Andy Tyrie in 1988, following ...

and John White.

2000s

2000

* 12 July: a UDA volunteer shot dead an

(UVF) volunteer attending Eleventh night celebrations in Larne. Loyalist feud. * 21 August: the UVF shot dead two UDA volunteers sitting in a jeep on Crumlin Road, Belfast. Loyalist feud. * 23 August: the UFF claimed responsibility for shooting dead a UVF volunteer on Summer Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud. * 28 October: the UVF shot dead a UDA volunteer on Mountcollyer Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud. * 31 October: the UDA shot dead a

Progressive Unionist Party The Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) is a minor unionist political party in Northern Ireland. It was formed from the Independent Unionist Group operating in the Shankill area of Belfast, becoming the PUP in 1979. Linked to the Ulster Volun ...

(PUP) member on Canning Street, Belfast. Loyalist feud. * 31 October: the UVF shot dead Tommy English, a UDA volunteer, in

. Loyalist feud. * 1 November: the UDA shot dead a UVF volunteer in Newtownabbey. Loyalist feud. * 6 December: after a Protestant taxi driver was shot dead in Belfast, allegedly by republican gunmen, loyalists shot two Catholic civilians. One was shot dead while working on a building site in Newtownabbey and the other was shot on Oldpark Road, Belfast. Loyalist sources said that dissident UDA members were responsible. :15 December: the UDA and UVF announced an "open-ended and all-encompassing cessation of hostilities", which marked the end of the loyalist feud which had begun in July. * 18 December: the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Tynedale Gardens, Belfast, in an internal dispute.

2001

* 6 January: the UDA stabbed one of its own volunteers to death near Carryduff in an internal dispute. *11 January: a

pipe bomb A pipe bomb is an improvised explosive device which uses a tightly sealed section of pipe filled with an explosive material. The containment provided by the pipe means that simple low explosives can be used to produce a relatively huge explos ...

attack was made on the constituency office of SDLP politician

Alban Maginness Alban may refer to: * Alban (surname) * Alban (given name) *Alban people, Latin people from the city of Alba Longa. *Things or people from or related to Alba (Gaelic for 'Scotland') * Alban wine, a wine of Ancient Rome from Colli Albani * Alban V ...

on Belfast's Antrim Road. Maginness blamed dissident UDA members. *16 January: the RUC Chief Constable blamed dissident UDA volunteers for a recent wave of sectarian attacks against Catholics in Larne. *5 February: in response to a "pipe bombing campaign" blamed on dissident UDA volunteers, the British Army was deployed in North Belfast "to protect the Catholic community". Security sources said that UDA members were involved, but RUC assistant Chief Constable said he did not know if the UDA leadership was orchestrating them. The UDA leadership insisted its ceasefire was unbroken. * 31 March: members of the

Ulster Young Militants The Ulster Young Militants (UYM) are considered to be the youth wing of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. Commonly known as the Young Militants or UYM, the group formed in 1974 when ...

(UYM), the UDA's youth wing, beat a Protestant civilian to death in Newtownabbey. The

Police Service of Northern Ireland The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI; ga, Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: ') is the police force that serves Northern Ireland. It is the successor to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) after it was reform ...

(PSNI) said that they believed it was a sectarian attack and that the UYM thought he was a Catholic. *5 April: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots into the house of a Catholic family in Ardoyne, North Belfast. *23 June: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Catholic civilian in his home in a loyalist part of Coleraine. :10 July: the leadership of the UFF released a statement saying that it no longer supported the

Good Friday Agreement The Good Friday Agreement (GFA), or Belfast Agreement ( ga, Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta or ; Ulster-Scots: or ), is a pair of agreements signed on 10 April 1998 that ended most of the violence of The Troubles, a political conflict in No ...

, but claimed that its ceasefire was unbroken. * 18 August: the UDA held a parade down

in Belfast. The march involved about 15,000 members of the group, about 100 masked men, and 16 bands. The event was held to commemorate Jackie Coulter, who was shot dead during the loyalist feud in 2000. * 27 September:

Ronnie Flanagan Sir Ronald Flanagan (born 25 March 1949) is a retired senior Northern Irish police officer. He was the Home Office Chief Inspector of Constabulary for the United Kingdom excluding Scotland. Sir Ronnie was previously the Chief Constable of the ...

, then Chief Constable of the PSNI, said that the UDA was involved in the recent rioting in north Belfast, which was linked to the ongoing Holy Cross dispute. *11 October: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a

blast bomb An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action. It may be constructed of conventional military explosives, such as an artillery shell, attached to a detonating mechan ...

attack on a Catholic home in New Lodge, north Belfast. Shots were heard as a crowd gathered following the attack. :12 October: John Reid, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, announced that he was "specifying" the UDA/UFF and LVF. This meant that the British government deemed their ceasefires to have ended. *16 October: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a number of pipe bomb attacks on Catholic homes in Duncairn Gardens, North Belfast. *26 October: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for throwing a pipe bomb at a group of British soldiers on Ardoyne Road, north Belfast, injuring a soldier and several RUC officers. *11 November: a UYM volunteer was killed when a pipe bomb exploded in his hand during rioting linked to the Holy Cross dispute on North Queen Street, Belfast. *16 November: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting at a Catholic man waiting for a lift to work in Clady, County Londonderry. :28 November: it was announced that the Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) had been dissolved.

2002

* 3 January: a young man linked to the UDA died when a pipe bomb he was handling exploded in a derelict house on Winston Way,

Coleraine Coleraine ( ; from ga, Cúil Rathain , 'nook of the ferns'Flanaghan, Deirdre & Laurence; ''Irish Place Names'', page 194. Gill & Macmillan, 2002. ) is a town and civil parish near the mouth of the River Bann in County Londonderry, Northern ...

. The PSNI believed that the house may have been used by the UDA to store explosives. * 12 January: a Catholic civilian was shot dead as he arrived for work at a postal sorting office in Newtownabbey. The

Red Hand Defenders The Red Hand Defenders (RHD) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in 1998 by loyalists who opposed the Belfast Agreement and the loyalist ceasefires.North Belfast. Members of

Combat 18 Combat 18 (C18 or 318) is a neo-Nazi terrorist organisation that was founded in 1992. It originated in the United Kingdom, with ties to movements in Canada and the United States. Since then it has spread to other countries, including Germany ...

were involved, having come from England as "guests" of the UDA volunteers. A local representative said "It was as if the UDA were showing them how to run a sectarian riot". UDA volunteers were blamed for attacking homes in the same area on 2 April, which led to rioting. *3 April: after an attack on a Protestant girl in North Belfast, crowds of loyalists from Tigers Bay tried to invade the Catholic part of North Queen Street. They clashed with the PSNI; fifty blast bombs, petrol bombs and pipe bombs were thrown and up to 30 shots were fired at police. North Belfast Assistant Chief Constable blamed the UDA. *6 April: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for throwing two blast bombs into the home of a mixed religion couple in Newtownabbey. The family escaped before the bombs exploded. *11 June: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots at youths playing football in north Belfast. The PSNI said they were blanks while the local Sinn Féin councillor said they were live rounds. *24 June: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for a "sectarian" blast bomb attack on a student house in South Belfast. *6 July: dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for pipe bombing a Catholic home on Newington Avenue, north Belfast. * 21 July: a Catholic civilian was shot dead as he walked home on Floral Road, north Belfast. Earlier in the evening, a Protestant had been shot and wounded on Alliance Avenue. The RHD claimed responsibility and said that the killing was a "measured response" to that attack. However, the UDA later admitted that its volunteers had been involved. *2 September: the "Loyalist Commission", made up of members of the UDA/UFF and UVF/RHC, announced a "period of calm" to help dampen cross-community tensions. The statement called for "republican reciprocation". *4 September: dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for pipe bombing a Catholic home on Cliftonville Road, north Belfast. They were also blamed for pipe bombing the home of Mark Langhammer, an independent Labour councillor in Newtownabbey. Langhammer, a Protestant, had been outspoken against recent UDA attacks. *14 September: dissident UDA volunteers from Tigers Bay were blamed for shooting at a crowd of shoppers on Atlantic Avenue. Three men were wounded in the drive-by shooting. :25 September:

Johnny Adair John Adair (born 27 October 1963), better known as Johnny Adair or Mad Dog Adair, is an Ulster loyalist and the former leader of the "C Company", 2nd Battalion Shankill Road, West Belfast Brigade of the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF). This was a ...

and John White, of the UDA's "C Company", were expelled from the UDA following allegations that they were engaging in criminality such as drug dealing. * 4 October: UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian on Ravenhill Avenue, Belfast, possibly as part of a loyalist feud. * 1 December: UDA volunteers were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at his home in

Ballygowan Ballygowan () is a village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is within the Ards and North Down Borough. The town of Comber is a short distance to the north-east, the town of Saintfield to the south, and the city of Belfast further to the n ...

. The media reported that the killing may have been the result of a dispute with a senior UDA figure in Belfast. * 27 December: UDA volunteers were blamed for the shooting death of a Protestant civilian in a house on Manor Street, Belfast.

2003

* 2 January: the UDA shot dead one of its own volunteers at Kimberly Bar, Belfast. Internal dispute. * 19 January: UDA members were blamed for shooting dead a Protestant civilian at a house in Bangor. The motive is unclear. * 1 February: two UDA members ( John Gregg and Rob Carson) were shot dead by other UDA volunteers as they traveled in a taxi through Belfast. The killing was widely blamed on Johnny Adair's "C Company", as Gregg was one of those who had organised the expulsion of Adair from the UDA. :5 February: in response to the killing of Gregg, members of the UDA's "C Company" were forced to flee their homes in the Shankill area of Belfast by other sections of the UDA. Many fled to

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to ...

. *8 February: 15 armed and masked loyalists entered Newington Street in north Belfast and hurled pipe and petrol bombs at the homes of Catholics. A pregnant mother-of-three was wounded. A number of shots were fired from UDA-controlled Tigers Bay. :22 February: the UDA/UFF announced a 12-month suspension of activity. It also said it would re-enter talks with the decommissioning body but ruled out any imminent disarmament. *26 April: dissident UDA volunteers were blamed for firing shots during disturbances at a north Belfast interface. Two PSNI officers were wounded. * 28 May: the UDA shot dead one of its own leading volunteers, Alan McCullough, and left his body near Aughnabrack Road, Belfast. Internal dispute. * 20 November: UDA volunteers beat a Catholic civilian to death on Hancock Street, Lisburn.

2004

* 19 September: UDA volunteers were blamed for attacking a protestant employee working at a disco in Newtownabbey. It is suspected that the motive for the killing was that the man tried to stop the UDA from selling drugs at the disco. He went into a coma and died on 18 March 2005.

2005

* 10–12 September: the UVF and UDA orchestrated large-scale rioting in Belfast and several towns in County Antrim after the

Orange Order The Loyal Orange Institution, commonly known as the Orange Order, is an international Protestant fraternal order based in Northern Ireland and primarily associated with Ulster Protestants, particularly those of Ulster Scots people, Ulster Sco ...

Whiterock parade was re-routed to avoid the Irish nationalist Springfield Road area. UVF and the UDA members opened fire with automatic weapons on the British Army and RUC. (See:

2005 Belfast riots The 2005 Belfast riots were serious loyalist riots and civil disturbances in Belfast, Northern Ireland in September 2005. The violence broke out after the Protestant Orange Order Whiterock parade was re-routed to avoid the Irish nationalist Spr ...

) * 4 October: former UDA East Belfast Brigadier Jim Gray was shot dead outside his father's home in the east Belfast Clarawood estate. It was an internal dispute; he had been expelled from the organisation the previous March for "treason" and "building a criminal empire outside the UDA".

2006

* 24 November: UDA volunteer Michael Stone was arrested for breaking into the Stormont parliament buildings while armed in an attempted assassination of Sinn Féin leaders Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness.

2007

* 1 August: the UDA was blamed for shots fired at police during searches in the Kilcooney Estate, Bangor County Down. * 11 November: the UDA/UFF declared an end to its armed campaign. The statement noted that they would keep their weapons but put them "beyond use".

2009

* 24 May: UDA volunteers were blamed for the murder of Catholic civilian

Kevin McDaid Kevin McDaid (born 7 March 1984) is a British singer. Born in Nigeria, he was brought up in England in Newcastle upon Tyne. He was best known as member of the British boy band V, which he joined in 2003 along with four other boys. The band had ...

, who was beaten to death in Coleraine.

2010s

2010

*6 January: it was announced that the UDA/UFF had decommissioned its weapons in front of independent witnesses.

2012

* 18 February: suspected UDA volunteers from East Belfast were blamed for attempting to shoot dead local UVF leader Stephen "Mackers" Matthews over his involvement in the drugs trade. * 20 August: the

National Union of Journalists The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) is a trade union for journalists in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was founded in 1907 and has 38,000 members. It is a member of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ). Structure There is ...

(NUJ) revealed that a Belfast-based journalist had received a death threat from the UDA for writing about the UDA. Graffiti including the journalists name and mobile number had appeared in some areas. * 2–4 September: 2012 North Belfast riots: the PSNI claimed that UDA volunteers took part in the violence between loyalists and nationalists in North Belfast which left over 60 PSNI officers injured.

2017

*28 May: James Colin Horner was shot in a car park in Bangor. He is thought to be a victim of a UDA feud in East Antrim.

2020s

2020

*4 January: Glen Quinn was beaten to death in

. He is thought to have been killed as part of a "punishment beating" for getting in a fight with the UDA leader earlier.

2021

*4 March: The UDA, UVF, and Red Hand Commando renounced their current participation in the Good Friday Agreement in a letter to Prime Minister Boris Johnson. *30th March-April 9th:

2021 Northern Ireland riots A series of riots in loyalist areas of Northern Ireland began in Waterside, Derry, on 30 March 2021. After four nights of rioting in Derry, disturbances spread to south Belfast on 2 April, where a loyalist protest developed into ...

: Along with the UVF, the UDA was involved in the riots in Loyalist areas in response to Brexit, the Northern Ireland protocol, the funeral of Bobby Storey and Covid-19.

2022

*30 March: The UDA was blamed for a bomb alert which disrupted Belfast to Dublin rail services.

References

Bibliography

* {{Ulster Defence Association The Troubles (Northern Ireland)-related lists

Ulster Defence Association actions Ulster (; ga, Ulaidh or ''Cúige Uladh'' ; sco, label= Ulster Scots, Ulstèr or ''Ulster'') is one of the four traditional Irish provinces. It is made up of nine counties: six of these constitute Northern Ireland (a part of the United K ...

Ulster Defence Association

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