The following is a timeline of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

of the city of

Mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province and has a po ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

Prior to 20th century

* 330 BCE - Passage and residence of

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to ...

during his Persian campaign. Probably the first settlement in the modern city area. * 818 CE - Death of

Ali al-Ridha Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُوسَىٰ ٱلرِّضَا, Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the ...

(8th

Imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, serve ...

Twelver Shia Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers t ...

Islam) at Sanābādh; Imam Reza shrine established. * 970s-990s - Imam Reza Shrine demolished "in an act of fanaticism" by

Ghaznavid The Ghaznavid dynasty ( fa, غزنویان ''Ġaznaviyān'') was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic ''mamluk'' origin, ruling, at its greatest extent, large parts of Persia, Khorasan, much of Transoxiana and the northwest ...

Nāṣer-al-dawla Sübüktigin. * 1009 - Imam Reza Shrine rebuilt. * 1121 - Town wall built. * 1161 - Mashhad sacked by Ghuzz Turks. * 1389 - Nearby Tus besieged and "left a heap of ruins" by forces of Timurid

Miran Shah Mirza Jalal-ud-din Miran Shah Beg (1366 – 20 April 1408), commonly known as Miran Shah ( fa, میران شاہ), was a son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. During his father's reign, Miran Shah was init ...

; refugees flee to Mashhad. * 1418 -

Goharshad Mosque Goharshad Mosque ( fa, مسجد گوهرشاد) is a grand congregational mosque built during the Timurid period in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, which now serves as one of the prayer halls within the Imam Reza shrine complex. His ...

built. Retrieved 9 February 2017 * 1426 - Bala-yi sar madrasa built at the Imam Reza shrine. * 1439 - Du-dar madrasa built by

Shah Rukh Shah Rukh or Shahrukh ( fa, شاهرخ, ''Šāhrokh'') (20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447. He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynas ...

at the Imam Reza shrine. * 1457 - Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi established. * 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Mashhad as a

holy city A holy city is a city important to the history or faith of a specific religion. Such cities may also contain at least one headquarters complex (often containing a religious edifice, seminary, shrine, residence of the leading cleric of the religi ...

(approximate date). * 1507 - Mashhad taken by forces of Uzbek Muhammad Shaybani. * 1544 - Mashhad sacked by Uzbek forces. * 1589 - Mashhad besieged by forces of

Shaybanid The Shibanids or Shaybanids ( fa, سلسله شیبانیان) or more accurately the Abu'l-Khayrid-Shibanids were a Persianized''Introduction: The Turko-Persian tradition'', Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, ed. Robert L. ...

Abd al-Mumin. * 1598 - Mashhad taken by forces of

Abbas I of Persia Abbas I ( fa, ; 27 January 157119 January 1629), commonly known as Abbas the Great (), was the 5th Safavid Shah (king) of Iran, and is generally considered one of the greatest rulers of Iranian history and the Safavid dynasty. He was the third s ...

; Uzbeks defeated. * 1722 - Afghan Abdalis in power. * 1726 - Mashhad besieged by Persian forces. * 1753 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Afghan

Ahmad Shah Durrani Ahmad Shāh Durrānī ( ps, احمد شاه دراني; prs, احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern Afghanistan. In July 1747, Ahm ...

. * 1803 - Mashhad besieged by forces of

Fath Ali Shah Fath-Ali Shah Qajar ( fa, فتحعلى‌شاه قاجار, Fatḥ-ʻAli Šâh Qâjâr; May 1769 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irr ...

. * 1849 - Mashhad taken by forces of Husam al-Saltana. * 1876 - Palace of Abbas Mirza built. * 1889 - British and Russian governments maintain consulates-general.

20th century

* 1912 - 29 March: Bombing of city by Russians. * 1918 ** Mashhad municipality (administrative entity) formed. ** Mirza Abdol-Raheem Khan Zand Kashef ol-Molk (میرزا عبدالرحیم خان زند کاشف الملک) becomes the city's first mayor. * 1920 - Population: 70,000-80,000 (approximate estimate). * 1925 / 1304 SH - 31 March:

Solar Hijri calendar The Solar calendar ( fa, گاه‌شماری هجری خورشیدی, Gâhšomâri-ye Xoršidi; ps, لمريز لېږدیز کلیز, lamrez legdez kalhandara; ku, ڕۆژژمێری کۆچیی ھەتاوی, Salnameya Koçberiyê) is a solar c ...

legally adopted in Iran. * 1949 - Razavi University established. * 1959 - Nader Shah Mausoleum erected. * 1963 - Population: 312,186 (estimate). * 1964 - Astan Quds Razavi Central Museum inaugurated. * 1966 -

Mashhad railway station Mashhad railway station (''Persian:'' ايستگاه راه آهن مشهد, ''Istgah-e Rah Ahan-e Mashhad'') is located in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, the second largest city of Iran. The station is owned by IRI Railways, and was designed by Hey ...

opens. * 1968 - (cinema) established. * 1970 - (cinema) established. * 1971 - (cinema) established. * 1980 - (zoo) established. * 1982 - Population: 1,120,000 (estimate). * 1983 -

Samen Stadium The Samen Al-Aeme Stadium (), commonly known as Samen, is a multi-use stadium in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Razavi Khorasan, Iran, with a 27,000 seating capacity. The stadium was opened in 2004 with a 35,000 capacity and is owned by the Min ...

opens. * 1995 - Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi new building opens. * 1996 - Population: 1,887,405.

21st century

* 2004 **

Proma Hypermarket Proma Hypermarket as an Iranian supermarket chain is launched in three cities of Iran including Mashhad, Tehran, and Qazvin. Proma Hypermarket in Mashhad is a 420,000 m² complex comprising a shopping mall located near Janbaz Square, Mashhad, I ...

in business. ** City becomes part of the newly formed Razavi Khorasan Province. * 2011 ** Mashhad Urban Railway begins operating. ** Siah Jamegan Aboumoslem Khorasan F.C. (football club) formed. ** (velodrome) opens. **

Imam Reza Stadium The Imam Reza Stadium ( fa, ورزشگاه امام رضا, ''Vârzeshgah-e Emam Reza'') is an all-seated football stadium located in Mashhad, Iran. The stadium has a seating capacity of 27,700 and is the sixth biggest stadium in Iran. It hosts ...

construction begins. ** Population: 2,766,258. * 2013 - 14 June:

Local election In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". Their form and conduct vary ...

held. * 2014 **

Sowlat Mortazavi Sowlat Mortazavi ( fa, صولت مرتضوی, born 5 May 1955) is an Iranian conservative politician and the current Minister of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare of Iran. He is former Vice President of Iran for Executive Affairs and also f ...

becomes mayor. ** City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 5.

References

''This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.''

Bibliography

in English

* * * * *
1993 reprint
* * * (Article about the shrine) *

in other languages

* 1883-1885 *

External links

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) * {{Years in Iran Years in Iran Mashhad

mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province and has a po ...