The following is a timeline of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

of the city of

Mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of R ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

Prior to 20th century

* 330 BCE - Passage and residence of

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, wikt:Ἀλέξανδρος, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Maced ...

during his

Persian campaign Persian expedition or Persian campaign may refer to: * Persian campaign (Alexander the Great) (334–333 BC) *Julian's Persian expedition (363) * Persian expedition of Stepan Razin (1699) * Persian campaign of Peter the Great (1722–1723) * Pers ...

. Probably the first settlement in the modern city area. * 818 CE - Death of

Ali al-Ridha Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُوسَىٰ ٱلرِّضَا, Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the e ...

(8th

Imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...

Twelver Shia Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers t ...

Islam) at Sanābādh; Imam Reza shrine established. * 970s-990s - Imam Reza Shrine demolished "in an act of fanaticism" by

Ghaznavid The Ghaznavid dynasty ( fa, غزنویان ''Ġaznaviyān'') was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic ''mamluk'' origin, ruling, at its greatest extent, large parts of Persia, Khorasan, much of Transoxiana and the northwest ...

Nāṣer-al-dawla Sübüktigin. * 1009 - Imam Reza Shrine rebuilt. * 1121 - Town wall built. * 1161 - Mashhad sacked by

Ghuzz Turks The Oghuz or Ghuzz Turks (Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, ''Oγuz'', ota, اوغوز, Oġuz) were a western Turkic people that spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a tribal confederation conventi ...

. * 1389 - Nearby

Tus Tus or TUS may refer to: * Tus (biology), a protein that binds to terminator sequences * Thales Underwater Systems, an international defence contractor * Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language, ISO 639-3 code Education * Technological Univ ...

besieged and "left a heap of ruins" by forces of Timurid

Miran Shah Mirza Jalal-ud-din Miran Shah Beg (1366 – 20 April 1408), commonly known as Miran Shah ( fa, میران شاہ), was a son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. During his father's reign, Miran Shah was initi ...

; refugees flee to Mashhad. * 1418 -

Goharshad Mosque Goharshad Mosque ( fa, مسجد گوهرشاد) is a grand congregational mosque built during the Timurid period in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, which now serves as one of the prayer halls within the Imam Reza shrine complex. Hist ...

built. Retrieved 9 February 2017 * 1426 - Bala-yi sar madrasa built at the Imam Reza shrine. * 1439 - Du-dar madrasa built by

Shah Rukh Shah Rukh or Shahrukh ( fa, شاهرخ, ''Šāhrokh'') (20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447. He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynast ...

at the Imam Reza shrine. * 1457 -

Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi The Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi is a large library in Mashad, Iran. Established before 1457, it holds over 1.1 million volumes. It is an international center for Islamic research, containing numerous manuscripts and rare works of antiq ...

established. * 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Mashhad as a

holy city A holy city is a city important to the history or faith of a specific religion. Such cities may also contain at least one headquarters complex (often containing a religious edifice, seminary, shrine, residence of the leading cleric of the religi ...

(approximate date). * 1507 - Mashhad taken by forces of Uzbek

Muhammad Shaybani Muhammad Shaybani Khan ( uz, Muhammad Shayboniy, also known as Abul-Fath Shaybani Khan or Shayabak Khan or Shahi Beg Khan, originally named "Shibägh", which means " wormwood" or "obsidian") (c. 1451 – 2 December 1510), was an Uzbek leader ...

. * 1544 - Mashhad sacked by Uzbek forces. * 1589 - Mashhad besieged by forces of

Shaybanid The Shibanids or Shaybanids ( fa, سلسله شیبانیان) or more accurately the Abu'l-Khayrid-Shibanids were a Persianized''Introduction: The Turko-Persian tradition'', Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, ed. Robert L. ...

Abd al-Mumin. * 1598 - Mashhad taken by forces of

Abbas I of Persia Abbas I ( fa, ; 27 January 157119 January 1629), commonly known as Abbas the Great (), was the 5th Safavid dynasty, Safavid Shah (king) of Safavid Iran, Iran, and is generally considered one of the greatest rulers of Iranian history and the Safavi ...

; Uzbeks defeated. * 1722 - Afghan Abdalis in power. * 1726 - Mashhad besieged by Persian forces. * 1753 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Afghan

Ahmad Shah Durrani Ahmad Shāh Durrānī ( ps, احمد شاه دراني; prs, احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern Afghanistan. In July 1747, Ahm ...

. * 1803 - Mashhad besieged by forces of

Fath Ali Shah Fath-Ali Shah Qajar ( fa, فتحعلى‌شاه قاجار, Fatḥ-ʻAli Šâh Qâjâr; May 1769 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irr ...

. * 1849 - Mashhad taken by forces of Husam al-Saltana. * 1876 - Palace of Abbas Mirza built. * 1889 - British and Russian governments maintain consulates-general.

20th century

* 1912 - 29 March: Bombing of city by Russians. * 1918 ** Mashhad municipality (administrative entity) formed. ** Mirza Abdol-Raheem Khan Zand Kashef ol-Molk (میرزا عبدالرحیم خان زند کاشف الملک) becomes the city's first mayor. * 1920 - Population: 70,000-80,000 (approximate estimate). * 1925 / 1304 SH - 31 March:

Solar Hijri calendar The Solar calendar ( fa, گاه‌شماری هجری خورشیدی, Gâhšomâri-ye Xoršidi; ps, لمريز لېږدیز کلیز, lamrez legdez kalhandara; ku, ڕۆژژمێری کۆچیی ھەتاوی, Salnameya Koçberiyê) is a solar ...

legally adopted in Iran. * 1949 - Razavi University established. * 1959 - Nader Shah Mausoleum erected. * 1963 - Population: 312,186 (estimate). * 1964 -

Astan Quds Razavi Central Museum The Astan Quds Razavi Museum in Mashhad, which was founded in 1937, is one of the most significant public museums in Iran. Located in the vicinity of the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza (AS) and Gowharshad Mosque, as two magnificent monuments exemplifying ...

inaugurated. * 1966 -

Mashhad railway station Mashhad railway station ('' Persian:'' ايستگاه راه آهن مشهد, ''Istgah-e Rah Ahan-e Mashhad'') is located in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, the second largest city of Iran. The station is owned by IRI Railways, and was designed by Hey ...

opens. * 1968 - (cinema) established. * 1970 - (cinema) established. * 1971 - (cinema) established. * 1980 - (zoo) established. * 1982 - Population: 1,120,000 (estimate). * 1983 -

Samen Stadium The Samen Al-Aeme Stadium (), commonly known as Samen, is a multi-use stadium in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran, with a 27,000 seating capacity Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both th ...

opens. * 1995 -

new building opens. * 1996 - Population: 1,887,405.

21st century

* 2004 ** Proma Hypermarket in business. ** City becomes part of the newly formed Razavi Khorasan Province. * 2011 **

Mashhad Urban Railway Mashhad Urban Railway ( fa, قطار شهری مشهد, ''Qâtar-e Shiheri Mishhed'', the literal translation of the name from Persian) is a rapid transit urban rail line in Mashhad, Iran. It is the second rapid transit system in Iran. The proje ...

begins operating. ** Siah Jamegan Aboumoslem Khorasan F.C. (football club) formed. ** (velodrome) opens. **

Imam Reza Stadium The Imam Reza Stadium ( fa, ورزشگاه امام رضا, ''Vârzeshgah-e Emam Reza'') is an all-seated football stadium located in Mashhad, Iran. The stadium has a seating capacity of 27,700 and is the sixth biggest stadium in Iran. It hosts ...

construction begins. ** Population: 2,766,258. * 2013 - 14 June:

Local election In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". Their form and conduct vary ...

held. * 2014 **

Sowlat Mortazavi Sowlat Mortazavi ( fa, صولت مرتضوی, born 5 May 1955) is an Iranian conservative politician and the current Minister of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare of Iran. He is former Vice President of Iran for Executive Affairs and also fo ...

becomes mayor. ** City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 5.

References

''This article incorporates information from the

Persian Wikipedia The Persian Wikipedia ( fa, ویکی‌پدیای فارسی, Wikipediā, Dānešnāme-ye Āzād, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia) is the Persian language version of Wikipedia. The Persian version of Wikipedia was started in December 2003. As o ...

.''

Bibliography

in English

* * * * *
1993 reprint
* * * (Article about the shrine) *

in other languages

* 1883-1885 *

External links

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Qatar Digital Library Qatar Digital Library (QDL) is a bilingual online library which was launched as a joint venture by a partnership consisting of Qatar Foundation, Qatar National Library and the British Library in October 2014. QDL comprises one of the largest online ...

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) * {{Years in Iran Years in Iran Mashhad

mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of R ...