|
Timeline Of Shiraz
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Shiraz, Iran. Prior to 14th century * ca.2000 BC – A settlement of the Iranian people is located at or near the current site of the city. Clay tablets referring to this settlements were found in the 1970s. * ca.1000 BC – The growth of the settlements particularly near the rivers flowing in the area leads to development of a regional power structure among the local tribes. The Medes rotary their rise to power * ca.750 BC – Cambosys sets the foundations of the first Persian empire. * ca.650 BC – Cyrus, son of Cambosys, defeats all local, regional, and continental wide kingdoms. He forms the Achamenid empire extending from North Africa, And the Meditranea to India and western China. It encompasses the largest percentage of earths population under one rule. A record that has never been broken to present day. * 640–653 CE – Fārs falls to the Arab armies of Umar. Shiraz in 641. Estakhr in 653. * 693 CE - Shiraz f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Shiraz
The city of Shiraz, Iran is more than 4000 years old. Pre-Islamic times Shiraz is founded in Pars Province, a central area for Persian civilisation. The earliest reference to Shiraz is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC, found in June 1970 during digging for the construction of a brick kiln in the southwest corner of the city. The tablets, written in ancient Elamite, name a city called ''Tiraziš''. Phonetically, this is interpreted as /tiračis/ or /ćiračis/. This name became Old Persian /širājiš/; through regular sound change comes the modern Persian name ''Shirāz''. The name Shiraz also appears on clay sealings found at '' Qasr-i Abu Nasr'', a Sassanid ruin, east of the city, (2nd century AD). As early as the 11th century several hundred thousand people inhabited Shiraz. Its size has decreased through the ages. Cuneiform records from Persepolis show that Shiraz was a significant township in Achaemenid times. There is mention of a city at Shiraz during the Sassani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, officially known as ''Iranzamin'' (), was ruled by the Mongols, Mongol House of Hulagu. Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1260. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq, Syria, Armenia, Georgia (country), Georgia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, part of modern Dagestan, and part of modern Tajikistan. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, converted to Islam. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the Black Death. Its last khan Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty), Abu Sa'id died in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafez
Khwāje Shams-od-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī ( fa, خواجه شمسالدین محمّد حافظ شیرازی), known by his pen name Hafez (, ''Ḥāfeẓ'', 'the memorizer; the (safe) keeper'; 1325–1390) and as "Hafiz", was a Persian lyric poet, whose collected works are regarded by many Iranians as a pinnacle of Persian literature. His works are often found in the homes of people in the Persian-speaking world, who learn his poems by heart and use them as everyday proverbs and sayings. His life and poems have become the subjects of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-14th century Persian writing more than any other Persian author. Hafez is best known for his Divan of Hafez, a collection of his surviving poems probably compiled after his death. His works can be described as "antinomian" and with the medieval use of the term "theosophical"; the term "theosophy" in the 13th and 14th centuries was used to indicate mystical work by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Injuids
The House of Inju (Injuids, Injus, or Inju'ids) was an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the Ilkhanate until their defeat in 1357. Before the breakup of the Ilkhanate The Injuids gained control of parts of Iran, mostly Fars, in 1304 at the beginning of the reign of the Ilkhan Öljeitü. The Ilkhan had given Sharaf al-Din Mahmud Shah control of the ''injü'' (or ''inji''; the Mongol word for the royal estates). Sharaf al-Din was reportedly descended from ' Abd-Allah Ansari, an 11th-century mystic of Herat. His son, Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau, assisted another family, the Muzaffarids, in their takeover of Yazd. By 1325 Sharaf al-Din had gained nearly an absolute grip on the region. His power displeased Öljeitü's successor Abu Sa'id, who ordered Sharaf al-Din removed and sent a Sheikh Hussein ibn Juban to replace him. Kai-K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salghurids
The Salghurids ( fa, سلغُریان), also known as the Atabegs of Fars (), were a Persianate dynasty of Salur Turkmen origin that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuqs then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century. History The Salghurids were established by Sunqur in 1148, who had profited from the rebellions during the reign of Seljuq sultan Mas'ud ibn Muhammad. Later the Salghurids were able to solidify their position in southern Persia to the point of campaigning against Kurds and involving themselves in the succession of the Kirman Seljuqs, holding Seljuq sultan Malik-Shah III's son Mahmud as a possible claimant to the Seljuq throne. They briefly occupied Isfahan in 1203-4, and later occupied Bahrain taken from the Uyunid dynasty in 1235.Curtis E. Larsen, ''Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society'', (University of Chicago Press, 1984), 66. Under Sa'd I ibn Zangi, the Salghurids experienced a significant prosperity, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdujin Khatun
Kurdujin Khatun (prior to 1273–1338) was an Ilkhanid princess, ruler of Kerman in 1295–1296 and of Shiraz in 1319–1338 Life She was born to Abish Khatun and Möngke Temür, the son of Hulagu Khan. First Marriage Her marriage to Suyurgatmish of Kerman, a Khitan ruler, helped her new husband to gain many allies, including Suqunjaq Noyan (governor of Iraq), Khuzestan, and Qutui Khatun, the mother of Tekuder. Suyurgatmish was confirmed as the new ruler of Kerman by Tekuder in 1282. Kurdujin further extended her influence when she inherited her mother's estate in 1286. However, after Gaykhatu's coronation, the political climate suddenly changed and Padishah Khatun, who became the ruler of Kerman, imprisoned Suyurgatmish. Kurdujin helped her husband to escape, but he was captured and executed on 21 August 1294. Struggle against Padishah Khatun Kurdujin Khatun was able to get her revenge when Baydu, the son-in-law of Suyurgatmish ascended to throne. Baydu demanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abish Khatun
Abish Khatun () — was the 9th and last ruler of the Salghurids of Shiraz from 1264 to 1282. Life as princess She was born in Shiraz around 1259/1260 to Salghurid Atabeg Sa'd II ( ca) and Turkan Khatun - daughter of Mahmudshah, Atabeg of Yazd. She was thrown into prison by Saljuqshah, her father's cousin and ruling Atabeg, who previously married Turkan Khatun and killed her for infidelity. Saljuqshah later started a rebellion against Ilkhanate, killing two local '' basqaqs''. Hulegu khan in his turn executed Muhammadshah, elder brother of Saljuqshah, sent an army under commanders Altaju and Temür to suppress revolt. Saljuqshah suddenly found himself under siege from Nizam al-Din Hasanwayh of Shabankara, Atabeg Alauddawla Mahmud of Yazd and Adud al-Din Amir Hajji — commander of Qutlugh-khanids. In the battle near Kazerun, Shabakara chief was killed by Saljuqshah. Saljuqshah found refuge Friday Mosque, but Mongols stormed the mosque, capturing and torturing him and finally e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wassaf
Wassaf or Vassaf ( fa, عبدالله ابن فضلالله شرفالدین شیرازی) Abdallah ibn Faḍlallah Sharaf al-Din Shīrāzī (''fl.'' 1265–1328) was a 14th-century Persian historian of the Ilkhanate. Waṣṣāf, sometimes lengthened to Waṣṣāf al-Ḥaḍrat or Vassaf-e Hazrat ( fa, وصّافِ حضرت), is a title meaning "Court Panegyrist". A native of Shiraz, Wassaf was a tax administrator in Fars during the reigns of Ghazan Mahmud and Öljaitü. A.K.S. Lambton, "Mongol Fiscal Administration in Persia" ''Studia Islamica'', no. 64 (1987): p. 80. He is the author of the historical work ''Tārīkḣ-i Waṣṣāf'', also known as ''Tajziyat al-amṣār wa-tazjiyat al-a'ṣār'' (''The allocation of cities and the propulsion of epochs''). Tarik-i Wassaf His history, ''Tajziyat al-amṣār wa-tazjiyat al-a'ṣār'' (''The allocation of cities and the propulsion of epochs'') also called ''Tārīkḣ-i Waṣṣāf'', was conceived as a continuation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Cheragh
Shāh Chérāgh ( fa, شاه چراغ) or Shahcheragh Shrine is the tomb of Ahmed bin Musa ( Imam Reza's brother) in the center of Shiraz. It is the third most important shrine in Shia Islam in Iran, after the Imam Reza shrine and Fatima Masumeh Shrine. Ahmed bin Musa traveled to Khorasan on the way to join his brother, but he was killed by Al-Ma'mun Abbasid Caliphate in Shiraz. ''Shāh-é-Chérāgh'' is a Persian term for "King of the Light". The site is the most important place of pilgrimage within the city of Shiraz. Overview The tombs became celebrated pilgrimage centres in the 14th century when Queen Tashi Khatun erected a mosque and theological school in the vicinity. The site was given this name due to the nature of the discovery of the site by Ayatullah Dastghā'ib (the great grandfather of the contemporary Ayatullah Dastghā'ib). He used to see light from a distance and decided to investigate the source. He found that the light was being emitted by a grave within a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , dynasty = Genghisid , regnal name = Genghis Khan () , temple name = Taizu () , posthumous name = Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu () , father = Yesügei , mother = Hoelun , religion = Tengrism , birth_date = , birth_place = Khentii Mountains, Khamag Mongol , death_date = (aged 64–65) , death_place = Xingqing, Western Xia , burial_place = Unknown(presumptively Ikh Khorig, Burkhan Khaldun, Khentii Province) Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; ; xng, Temüjin, script=Latn; ., name=Temujin – August 25, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saadi Shirazi
Saadi Shīrāzī ( fa, ابومحمّد مصلحالدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), better known by his pen name Saadi (; fa, سعدی, , ), also known as Sadi of Shiraz (, ''Saʿdī Shīrāzī''; born 1210; died 1291 or 1292), was a Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period. He is recognized for the quality of his writings and for the depth of his social and moral thoughts. Saadi is widely recognized as one of the greatest poets of the classical literary tradition, earning him the nickname "The Master of Speech" or "The Wordsmith" ( ''ostâd-e soxan'') or simply "Master" ( ''ostâd'') among Persian scholars. He has been quoted in the Western traditions as well. '' Bustan'' has been ranked as one of the 100 greatest books of all time by ''The Guardian''. Biography Saadi was born in Shiraz, Iran, according to some, shortly after 1200, according to others sometime between 1213 and 1219. In the Golestan, composed in 1258, he says in lines evidently addr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
