Telepen is a name of a
barcode
A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. Initially, barcodes represented data by varying the widths, spacings and sizes of parallel lines. These barcodes, now commonly referred to as linear or o ...
symbology designed to express all 128 ASCII characters without using shift characters for code switching, and using only two different widths for bars and spaces. (Unlike
Code 128
Code 128 is a high-density linear barcode symbology defined in ISO/IEC 15417:2007. It is used for alphanumeric or numeric-only barcodes. It can encode all 128 characters of ASCII and, by use of an extension symbol (FNC4), the Latin-1 characters ...
, which uses shifts and four different element widths.)
The symbology was devised by George Sims of SB Electronic Systems Ltd.
Telepen was originally designed in the UK in 1972.
Unlike most linear barcodes, Telepen does not define independent encodings for each character, but instead operates on a stream of bits. It is able to represent any bit stream containing an even number of 0 bits, and is applied to ASCII bytes with
even parity
A parity bit, or check bit, is a bit added to a string of binary code. Parity bits are a simple form of error detecting code. Parity bits are generally applied to the smallest units of a communication protocol, typically 8-bit octets (bytes), ...
, which satisfy that rule. Bytes are encoded in
little-endian
In computing, endianness, also known as byte sex, is the order or sequence of bytes of a word of digital data in computer memory. Endianness is primarily expressed as big-endian (BE) or little-endian (LE). A big-endian system stores the most si ...
bit order.
The string of bits is divided into 1 bits, and blocks of the form 01
*0. That is, blocks beginning an ending with a 0 bit, with any number of 1 bits in between.
These are then encoded as follows:
* "1" is encoded as narrow bar-narrow space
* "00" is encoded as wide bar-narrow space
* "010" is encoded as wide bar-wide space
* Otherwise, the leading "01" and trailing "10" are both encoded as narrow bar-wide space, with additional 1 bits in between coded as described above.
Wide elements are 3 times the width of narrow elements, so every bit occupies 2 narrow elements of space.
Bar codes always start with ASCII
_ (underscore). This has code 0x5F, so the (lsbit-first) bit stream is 11111010. Thus, it is represented as 5 narrow bar/narrow space pairs, followed by a wide bar/wide space.
Bar codes always end with ASCII z. This has (including parity) code 0xFA, so the (lsbit-first) bit stream is 01011111. This is encoded as a wide bar/wide space, followed by 5 narrow bar/narrow space pairs. Each end of the bar code consists of repeated narrow elements terminated by a pair of wide elements, but the start has a wide bar first, while if the code is read in reverse, the wide space will be encountered first.
In addition to per-character parity bits, a telepen symbol includes an overall modulo-127 checksum.
References
{{Barcodes
Barcodes