Tandridge, Surrey
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Tandridge is a village and
civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority ...
in the Tandridge District, in the county of
Surrey Surrey () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England, bordering Greater London to the south west. Surrey has a large rural area, and several significant urban areas which form part of the Greater London Built-up Area. ...
, England. Its
nucleus Nucleus ( : nuclei) is a Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It most often refers to: *Atomic nucleus, the very dense central region of an atom *Cell nucleus, a central organelle of a eukaryotic cell, containing most of the cell's DNA Nucle ...
is on a rise of the
Greensand Ridge The Greensand Ridge, also known as the Wealden Greensand is an extensive, prominent, often wooded, mixed greensand/sandstone escarpment in south-east England. Forming part of the Weald, a former dense forest in Sussex, Surrey and Kent, it runs ...
between
Oxted Oxted is a town and civil parish in the Tandridge district of Surrey, England, at the foot of the North Downs. It is south south-east of Croydon in Greater London, west of Sevenoaks in Kent, and north of East Grinstead in West Sussex. Oxte ...
and
Godstone Godstone is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in Surrey, England, east of Reigate at the junction of the A22 road, A22 and A25 road, A25 roads, near the M25 motorway and the North Downs. Godstone railway station is separate ...
. It includes, towards its middle one named sub-locality (
hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. Set in Denmark, the play depicts ...
), Crowhurst Lane End. In 2011 the parish had a population of 663 and the district had a population of 82,998. In landmarks it has one of the oldest yew trees in the country, a Grade I-listed church and the tomb of the church's main benefactor Sir
George Gilbert Scott Sir George Gilbert Scott (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), known as Sir Gilbert Scott, was a prolific English Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he started ...
's wife, Lady Scott who lived in the parish. The village is acknowledged locally for its friendly atmosphere and sense of community. There is active use of the village hall from the annual Christmas show to many parties and social events. The Village fete and Bonfire events are well attended and add to the sense of village community.


History


Middle Ages

The village lay within the
Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxons were a Cultural identity, cultural group who inhabited England in the Early Middle Ages. They traced their origins to settlers who came to Britain from mainland Europe in the 5th century. However, the ethnogenesis of the Anglo- ...
Tandridge Tandridge is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge District, in the county of Surrey, England. Its nucleus is on a rise of the Greensand Ridge between Oxted and Godstone. It includes, towards its middle one named sub-locality (hamlet), ...
hundred. Tandridge appears in
Domesday Book Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manusc ...
of 1086 as ''Tenrige''. It was held by the wife of Salie from Richard Fitz Gilbert. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides; 1 mill worth 4s 2d, 14
plough A plough or plow ( US; both ) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses, but in modern farms are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or ...
s, of meadow, woodland and herbage worth 51 hogs. It rendered £11 per year to its
feudal Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a wa ...
overlords. Variant spellings such as in feet of fines (levied by the Crown and other overlords whenever rights or lands of manors were in a significant way parted with) include Tenrige; Tanerig, Tanerigge, Tanrich, Tenrig and Tenrugge in the Middle Ages. Godstone until the 19th century cut off a detached part, Tillingdon, which lay between Godstone and Caterham and became part of the latter community. ;Tandridge Priory This small house of
Austin canons Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a ...
was founded, Tandridge Priory in the time of Richard I of England. At
Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
's Dissolution of the monasteries it had possessions valued at £86. 7. 6. per annum. In the grounds of the priory are the lids of two stone coffins dug up here. In 1828 some silver and copper coins of
Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...
and other Roman emperors were found. Until about 1610 the property was held as part of the manor, but has since been owned separately.


Manorial descent (reversion) and rebuilding

Gilbert de Clare died in 1314 which triggered the division of his lands between his sisters and co-heirs: Eleanor wife of Hugh Despenser the Younger succeeded to the knights' fees belonging to (i.e. flowing yearly from) the manor. Tandridge's overlords remained (granting long tenancies of the manor) the Despensers and their descendants, the Beauchamps, thus over a century later, with mass property accumulation by holders of the Earldom of Warwick, it settled on the childhood prize of wealth in the country Anne de Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. Due to the Cousins' Wars she became widow of Warwick the king-maker and was finally compelled to convey her enormous estates to Henry VII. In 1499 George Puttenham, who was afterwards knighted, was lord of the manor, as which he held courts in 1509 and 1527. He was succeeded at his death by his son Robert, who sold Tandridge in 1542 to John Cooke, a goldsmith of London, whose interest became assigned by mortgage (and default of payment) to Richard Bostock, who died without heirs. The manor became known by the name which it has since borne, Tandridge Court, to distinguish it from the manor of Tandridge Priory which had also become the property of Richard Bostock in the early 17th century. He left it to nephew Bostock Fuller,
justice of the peace A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or ''puisne'' court, elected or appointed by means of a commission ( letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the sa ...
of Surrey who died in 1626. William Clayton, nephew and heir to the manor at Bletchingley bought this supplemental manor in 1712 from Francis Fuller, he started a line of Clayton baronets by royal favour and the property was described as sold 'lately' by Sir William Robert Clayton to
Walpole Greenwell The Greenwell Baronetcy, of Marden Park in Godstone in the County of Surrey and Greenwell in Wolsingham in the County of Durham, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 19 July 1906 as part of the King's Birthday Hon ...
, in 1912. Tandridge Court was rebuilt in the 20th century and is not a listed building. Sir Robert Clayton who owned the manor and the Priory granted the latter with Priory Farm (perhaps thus really only the latter) to Robert Graeme, his steward, and his heirs in return for the valuable services rendered by Graeme and because he had relinquished the profession for which he had been educated to become his steward. In 1817 Robert Graeme and Mary his wife conveyed the manor to Charles Hampden-Turner, in whose family it remained in 1912.


Industries post-Dissolution

In John Rocque's map of 1761 'Woodcock's Hammer' is denoted what was the far south of the parish, near Hedgecourt (in Felbridge), showing that an iron forge stood there or had once done so. In 1912 the parish was "chiefly agricultural, but there ee brick and tile works in it."


Geography

A
clustered village A ''Haufendorf'' is an enclosed village with irregular plots of land and farms of greatly differing scale, usually surrounded by a stockade fence (German: ''Ortsetter''). They are typically found in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, whence the nam ...
partly surrounded by its own steep woodland otherwise by fields, the parish is largely on the lowest land of a noticeable ridge. It stretches as a long, thin parish south of the ridge towards
Lingfield Lingfield can refer to: * Lingfield, County Durham, England, a village * Lingfield, Surrey, England, a village ** Lingfield Park Racecourse ** Lingfield Cricket Club, prominent in the 18th century ** Lingfield railway station, serving the villag ...
and Burstow. The north of this ridge close to the church is Beechwood Hill, at 160 metres above sea level, the 23rd highest hill in the county. The ridge is part of the
Greensand Ridge The Greensand Ridge, also known as the Wealden Greensand is an extensive, prominent, often wooded, mixed greensand/sandstone escarpment in south-east England. Forming part of the Weald, a former dense forest in Sussex, Surrey and Kent, it runs ...
which is patchy in Tandridge, the middle of its extent from the West Sussex/Hampshire border to South-East Kent.


Localities

Only one named hamlet is within the parish bounds, Crowhurst Lane End, approximately midway between the cluster of almost all of the homes of villagers who are not smallholders or large-scale farmers, and the centre of Crowhurst, Surrey. A footpath connects the village to the latter village and it is served by the local roads.


Landmarks


Yew tree

In the churchyard of Tandridge church is an ancient
yew tree Yew is a common name given to various species of trees. It is most prominently given to any of various coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Taxus'': * European yew or common yew (''Taxus baccata'') * Pacific yew or western yew (''Taxus br ...
, of a size to indicate it is over 1,500 years old. It was measured as in 1912, quite hollow but "full of life with four great limbs above about four feet in height".


Church

St. Peter's Church, although surrounded by trees, occupies an elevated and prominent position in the parish. The nave is much of the late 11th century, with a wall and carved priest's door in the north of the chancel of the same date. The tower and spire form a rare example of timber construction, and one of the earliest of its class in Surrey, dating, in fact, from the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. In the churchyard are tombs/headstones/vaults to *the Lord Chancellor (the 1st Earl of Cottenham) and the rest of his Pepys family of 1845Pepys (Cottenham) vault –
Grade II In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
*Edward Hawkins, Keeper of Antiquities in the British Museum, 1829 *Sir
James Cosmo Melvill Sir James Cosmo Melvill (8 June 1792 – 23 July 1861) was a British administrator who served as the last secretary of the East India Company. Life Born at Guernsey, he was the third but eldest surviving son of Philip Melvill (1762–1811), ...
KCB, 1861, malacologist *Lady Scott (née Caroline Oldrid), wife of Sir
George Gilbert Scott Sir George Gilbert Scott (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), known as Sir Gilbert Scott, was a prolific English Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he started ...
, R.A., of Rooksnest, Tandridge who restored the church. The monument to this lady, who died in 1872, is an elaborately sculptured tabletomb to the west of the church, of white marble.


Demography and housing

The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%. The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).


References

{{authority control Villages in Surrey Civil parishes in Surrey