This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present. :''General context: History of Damascus''.

Aram Damascus The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus () was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant. Alongside various tribal lands, it was bounded in its later ye ...

Ben-Hadad I Ben-Hadad I ( he, בן הדד, translit=bn hdd; arc, בר הדד, translit=br hdd), son of Tabrimmon and grandson of Hezion, was king of Aram-Damascus between 885 BC and 865 BC. Ben-Hadad I was reportedly a contemporary of kings Baasha of the K ...

(c. 885 BCE–c. 865 BC) *

Hadadezer Hadadezer (; " he god Hadad is help"); also known as Adad-Idri ( akk, 𒀭𒅎𒀉𒊑, dIM-id-ri), and possibly the same as Bar-Hadad II ( Aram.) or Ben-Hadad II ( Heb.), was the king of Aram Damascus between 865 and 842 BC. The Hebrew Bible s ...

(c. 865 BC–c. 842 BC) *

Hazael Hazael (; he, חֲזָאֵל, translit=Ḥazaʾēl, or , romanized as: ; oar, 𐡇𐡆𐡀𐡋, translit= , from the triliteral Semitic root ''h-z-y'', "to see"; his full name meaning, " El/God has seen"; akk, 𒄩𒍝𒀪𒀭, Ḫa-za-’- il ...

(c. 842 BC–c. 804 BC) *

Ben-Hadad III Bar-Hadad III ( Aram.) (ܒܪ ܚܕܕ) or Ben-Hadad III ( Heb.) (בֶּן-הֲדַד) was king of Aram Damascus, the son and successor of Hazael. His succession is mentioned in 2 Kings (, ). He is thought to have ruled from 796 BC to 792 BC, althoug ...

(c. 796 BC) *Tab-El (c. 770 BC) *Rezon II (c. 740 BC–732 BC)

Period of non-independence

*to

Assyria Assyria ( Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , romanized: ''māt Aššur''; syc, ܐܬܘܪ, ʾāthor) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state at times controlling regional territories in the indigenous lands of the ...

(732 BC–609 BC) **Ilu-Ittia (c. 8th century BC) *to Babylon (609 BC–539 BC) *to Persian Achaemenid Empire (539 BC–332 BC) *to

Macedon Macedonia (; grc-gre, Μακεδονία), also called Macedon (), was an Classical antiquity, ancient monarchy, kingdom on the periphery of Archaic Greece, Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. Th ...

(332 BC–323 BC) *to Antigonids (323 BC–301 BC) *to Ptolemaic Kingdom (301 BC–198 BC) *to

Seleucids The Seleucid Empire (; grc, Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, ''Basileía tōn Seleukidōn'') was a Greek state in West Asia that existed during the Hellenistic period from 312 BC to 63 BC. The Seleucid Empire was founded by the M ...

(198 BC–167 BC) *to Ituraea (167 BC–110 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids) *to the

Decapolis The Decapolis (Greek: grc, Δεκάπολις, Dekápolis, Ten Cities, label=none) was a group of ten Hellenistic cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in the Southern Levant in the first centuries BCE and CE. They formed a group ...

(110 BC–85 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids) *to Nabataea (85 BC–64 BC) *to the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Ki ...

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediter ...

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

(64 BC–635) **to the Ghassanids (529–584; ?–635)

Rashidun period

* Khalid ibn al-Walid (635–636) *

Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah ʿĀmir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ ( ar, عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح; 583–639 CE), better known as Abū ʿUbayda ( ar, أبو عبيدة ) was a Muslim commander and one of the Companions of the Islamic prophet M ...

(636–637) *

Amr ibn al-Aas ( ar, عمرو بن العاص السهمي; 664) was the Arab commander who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt and served as its governor in 640–646 and 658–664. The son of a wealthy Qurayshite, Amr embraced Islam in and was assigned import ...

(637–640) *

Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb ibn Umayya ( ar, يزيد بن أبي سفيان بن حرب بن أمية, Yazīd ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya; died 639) was a leading Arab Muslim commander in the conquest of Syria from 634 until his de ...

(640) * Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640–661)

Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
period

* Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661–680) *

Yazid I Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ( ar, يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; 64611 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He ruled from ...

ibn Muawiyah (680–683) * Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683–684) *

Marwan I Marwan ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As ibn Umayya ( ar, links=no, مروان بن الحكم بن أبي العاص بن أمية, Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ ibn Umayya), commonly known as MarwanI (623 or 626April/May 685), was the fo ...

ibn Hakam (684–685) * Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685–705) * al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik (705–715) * Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik (715–717) *

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ( ar, عمر بن عبد العزيز, ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz; 2 November 680 – ), commonly known as Umar II (), was the eighth Umayyad caliph. He made various significant contributions and reforms to the society, and ...

(717–720) *

Yazid II Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik ( ar, يزيد بن عبد الملك, Yazīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; — 28 January 724), also referred to as Yazid II, was the ninth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 9 February 720 until his death in 724. Early life Yazid was b ...

ibn Abd al-Malik (720–724) * Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724–743) * al-Walid II ibn Yazid II (743–744) *

Yazid III Yazīd ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik (701 – 3/4 October 744) ( ar, يزيد بن الوليد بن عبد الملك) usually known simply as Yazid III was the twelfth Umayyad caliph. He reigned for six months, from April 15 to October 3 or ...

ibn al-Walid (744) * Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (744) *

Marwan II Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam ( ar, مروان بن محمد بن مروان بن الحكم, Marwān ibn Muḥammad ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam; – 6 August 750), commonly known as Marwan II, was the fourteenth and last caliph of ...

ibn Muhammad (ruled from

Harran Harran (), historically known as Carrhae ( el, Kάρραι, Kárrhai), is a rural town and district of the Şanlıurfa Province in southeastern Turkey, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Urfa and 20 kilometers from the border cr ...

in the

Jazira Jazira or Al-Jazira ( 'island'), or variants, may refer to: Business *Jazeera Airways, an airlines company based in Kuwait Locations * Al-Jazira, a traditional region known today as Upper Mesopotamia or the smaller region of Cizre * Al-Jazira ( ...

, 744–750)

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...
period

Abdallah ibn Ali Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī (; – 764 CE) was a member of the Abbasid dynasty, and played a leading role in its rise to power during the Abbasid Revolution. As governor of Syria, he consolidated Abbasid control over the province, eli ...

(750–754) *

Salih ibn Ali Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās () (711–769) was a member of the Banu Abbas who served as general and governor in Syria and Egypt. Life Salih and his brother Abd Allah were among the van of the Abbasid forces which ove ...

(754) * Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi (754–764) *

Al-Fadl ibn Salih Al-Faḍl ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās ( ar, الفضل بن صالح بن علي بن عبد الله العباسي) (740Tabari, Hillenbrand, 1989, p.55.–789) was the Abbasid governor of a number of different pr ...

(766–775) * Abu Ja'far Harun al-Rashid (783–786) * Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 785) * Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Imam (?–788) * Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 788–791) * Musa ibn Isa (c. 792) * Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (c. 792) *

Abd al-Malik ibn Salih ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī () (, ''Abimelech'', in Greek sources; 750–812 CE) was a member of the Banu Abbas who served as general and governor in Syria and Egypt. He distinguished himself in several raids against the Byzantine Em ...

(793–795) *Ishaq ibn Isa ibn Ali (c. 795–?) * Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (802–803) *

Ja'far ibn Yahya Jafar ibn Yahya Barmaki, Jafar al-Barmaki ( fa, جعفر بن یحیی برمکی, ar, جعفر بن يحيى, Jafar bin yaḥyā) (767–803) also called Aba-Fadl, was a Persian vizier of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, succeeding his father ...

(803) *Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (803–804) * Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (804–805) * Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (c. 806) *Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba (807–809) * Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (809–810) *Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (810) * Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (810) * Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Bayhas (813–823 or 824/825) *Ma'yuf ibn Yahya ibn Ma'yuf al-Hamdani or Sadaqa ibn Uthman al-Murri (appointed by viceroy Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani) (825–?) * Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (c. 828) *Dinar ibn Abd Allah (c. 839) *Muhammed ibn al-Jahm al-Sami (c. 839) *Musa ibn Ibrahim al Rafiqi (c. 842) *Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841–847) * Malik ibn Tawk (847–850) * Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad ibn al-Mutawakkil (850–855) *al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856–861) *Yunus ibn Tarja (c. 861) *Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari (861–866) *Salih ibn al-Abbasi al-Turki (c. 866) *Ahmad ibn Khalil al Shaybani (c. 866) *Yamkjur al-Turki (c. 869) *Asram al-Turki (c. 870) *

Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani Abu Musa Isa ibn al-Shaykh ibn al-Salil al-Dhuhli al-Shaybani (; died 882/83) was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe. Taking advantage of the domestic turmoil of the Abbasid Caliphate, he created a semi-independent bedouin state in Palestine a ...

, rebel governor (c. 870) * Amajur al-Turki (870–878) *to

Tulunid The Tulunids (), were a Mamluk dynasty of Turkic origin who were the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt, as well as much of Syria, since the Ptolemaic dynasty. They were independent from 868, when they broke away from the central authority ...

Egypt (877–904) **

Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. ...

(878) **Ahmad ibn Wasif ** Tughj ibn Juff (896–905) *Abbasid restauration: **

Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh ( ar, أحمد بن كيغلغ) was an Abbasid military officer of Turkic origin who served as governor in Syria and Egypt. He was ousted as governor of Egypt by Muhammad ibn Tughj in 935. Life In November 903 he particip ...

(905–906) **al-Rashidi (928–931) **

Muhammad ibn Tughj Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ṭughj ibn Juff ibn Yiltakīn ibn Fūrān ibn Fūrī ibn Khāqān (8 February 882 – 24 July 946), better known by the title al-Ikhshīd ( ar, الإخشيد) after 939, was an Abbasid commander and governor who becam ...

(931–935) *to

Ikhshidid The Ikhshidid dynasty (, ) was a Turkic mamluk dynasty who ruled Egypt and the Levant from 935 to 969. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph al-Radi. The dynasty carried the Arabic t ...

Egypt (935–969), except for: **

Muhammad Ibn Ra'iq Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ra'iq (died 13 February 942), usually simply known as Ibn Ra'iq, was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate, who exploited the caliphal government's weakness to become the first '' amir al-umara'' ("commander of commander ...

(939–942) **Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943–945) **

Sayf al-Dawla ʿAlī ibn ʾAbū l-Hayjāʾ ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥamdān ibn al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī ( ar, علي بن أبو الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان بن الحارث التغلبي, 22 June 916 – 9 February 967), more commonly known ...

(briefly in 945 and 947)

Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dyna ...
emirs

* Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970–971) ;

Qarmatian The Qarmatians ( ar, قرامطة, Qarāmiṭa; ) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious-utopian socialist state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that adh ...

occupation of Damascus *Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973–974) *Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974) *Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974) * Alptakin al-Mu'izzi (975–978) *Qassam al-Turab (978–983) ;Fatimid recovery of Damascus *Baltakin al-Turki (983) *

Bakjur Bakjur was a Circassian military slave (''mamluk'' or ''ghulam'') who served the Hamdanids of Aleppo and later the Fatimids of Egypt. He seized control of Aleppo in 975 and governed it until 977, when the rightful Hamdanid ruler, Sa'd al-Dawla, ...

(983–991) *Ya'qub al-Siqlabi (991) *

Manjutakin Manjutakin ( ar, منجوتكين) was a military slave (''ghulam'') of the Fatimid Caliph al-Aziz (). Of Turkic origin, he became one of the leading Fatimid generals under al-Aziz, fighting against the Hamdanids and the Byzantines in Syria. He ...

(993–996) *Sulayman ibn Fallah (996) *Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997–998) *Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998–1000) *Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002) * Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004) *Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009) *Hamid ibn Mulham (1009) *Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011) *Badr al-Attar (1011–1012) *Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014) *Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021) *Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023) *Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024) *Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028) * Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041) * Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048) *Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049) * Rifq al-Khadim (1049) *Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058) *Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058) * Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060) *Sebuq Tegin (1060) *Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061) *Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061) *Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061) *Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063) *

Badr al-Jamali Abū'l-Najm Badr ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Jamālī al-Mustanṣirī, better known as Badr al-Jamali ( ar, بدر الجمالى) was an Armenian Shia Muslim Fatimid vizier, and prominent statesman for the Fatimid Caliphate under Caliph al-Mustansir. H ...

(1063) *Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067) *Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069) *Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071) *Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)

Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ...
emirs

* Atsiz ibn Abaq (1076–1079) *

Tutush I Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (; died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan of Damascus from 1092 to 1094. Years under Malik Shah Tutush was a brother of the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I. In 1 ...

(1079–1095) *

Duqaq Dukak or Duqaq may refer to: * Tuqaq Tuqaq, tr, Dukak bey, tk, Dukak beg or ''Dukak Temür Yalïgh'' is described as the father of Seljuq, the founder of the eponymous dynasty, in the Maliknamah tradition. Sources Maliknamah The Malikna ...

, son of Tutush I (1095–1104) *

Tutush II Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (; died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan of Damascus from 1092 to 1094. Years under Malik Shah Tutush was a brother of the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I. In 1 ...

, son of Duqaq (1104) *

Irtash Irtash; ar, إرتاش), also romanised as ''Artash'', Irtāsh, and ''Ertash'', though al-Athir uses ''Bektash'' ( tr, Bektaş; ar, باقتش). He had two known honorific titles, ''Muhyi al-Din'' (Reviver of Religion), and ''Mujir ad-Din'' ...

, son of Tutush I (1104)

Burid The Burid dynasty was a dynasty of Turkish origin ''Burids'', R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332. which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus ...
emirs

Toghtekin Toghtekin or Tughtekin (Modern tr, Tuğtekin; Arabicised epithet: ''Zahir ad-Din Tughtikin''; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtegin, was a Turkic military leader, who was ''atabeg'' of Damascus from 1104 to 1128. He was the founder o ...

(1104–1128) *

Taj al-Muluk Buri Taj al-Muluk Buri ( ar, تاج الملوك بوري; died 6 June 1132) was an atabeg of Damascus from 1128 to 1132. He was initially an officer in the army of Duqaq, the Seljuk ruler of Damascus, together with his father Toghtekin. When the la ...

(1128–1132) *

Shams al-Mulk Isma'il Shams al-Mulk Isma'il (1113 – February 1, 1135) was the Burid atabeg (or Seljuk ruler) of the Emirate of Damascus from 1132 to 1135. Early life Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, born in 1113, was the son of Taj al-Muluk Buri, the atabeg of Damascus, an ...

(1132–1135) * Shihab ad-Din Mahmud (1135–1139) * Jamal ad-Din Muhammad (1139–1140) *

Mu'in ad-Din Unur Mu'in ad-Din Unur al-Atabeki ( tr, Muiniddin Üner; died August 28, 1149) was a Seljuk Turkish ruler of Damascus in the mid-12th century. Origins Mu'in ad-Din was originally a Mamluk in the army of Toghtekin, the founder of the Burid Dynasty o ...

(Regent, 1140–1149) *

Mujir ad-Din Abaq Mujīr ad-Dīn ʿAbd al-Dawla Abu Saʿīd Ābaq ibn Jamāl ad-Dīn Muhammad (died 1169) was the governor of Damascus from 1140 to 1154. He was the eldest son of Jamal ad-Din Muhammad and the last Burid ruler of the Emirate of Damascus. Name His ...

(1140–1154)

Zengid The Zengid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin, which ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia on behalf of the Seljuk Empire and eventually seized control of Egypt in 1169. In 1174 the Zengid state extended from Tripoli ...
atabegs

Nur ad-Din Mahmud Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Zengī (; February 1118 – 15 May 1174), commonly known as Nur ad-Din (lit. "Light of the Faith" in Arabic), was a member of the Zengid dynasty, which ruled the Syrian province (''Shām'') of the Seljuk Empire. He reig ...

(1154–1174) *

As-Salih Ismail al-Malik As-Salih Ismaʿil al-Malik (1163–1181) was an emir of Damascus and emir of Aleppo in 1174, the son of Nur ad-Din. Biography He was only eleven years old when his father died in 1174. As-Salih came under the protection of the eunuch Gümüs ...

(1174)

Ayyubid
emir Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or cer ...
s (some were also sultans of Egypt)

Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...

(1174–1186) * Al-Afdal (1186–1196), Son of Saladin *

Al-Adil I Al-Adil I ( ar, العادل, in full al-Malik al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Abu-Bakr Ahmed ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub, ar, الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب,‎ "Ahmed, son of Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Bakr, the Just ...

(1196–1218) * Al-Mu'azzam (1218–1227) * An-Nasir Dawud (1227–1229) * Al-Ashraf (1229–1237) * As-Salih Ismail (1237) *

Al-Kamil Al-Kamil ( ar, الكامل) (full name: al-Malik al-Kamil Naser ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad) (c. 1177 – 6 March 1238) was a Muslim ruler and the fourth Ayyubid sultan of Egypt. During his tenure as sultan, the Ayyubids defeated the Fifth Cr ...

(1237–1238) *

Al-Adil II Al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Sayf ad-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Nāṣir ad-Dīn Muḥammad ( ar, سيف الدين الملك العادل أبو بكر بن ناصر الدين محمد, better known as al-Adil II) (c. 1221 – 9 February 1248) was the Ayyubid ...

(1238–1239) * As-Salih Ayyub (1239) * As-Salih Ismail (1239–1245) * As-Salih Ayyub (1245–1249) *

Al-Muazzam Turanshah Turanshah, also Turan Shah ( ar, توران شاه), (? – 2 May 1250), (''epithet:'' al-Malik al-Muazzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah ( ar, الملك المعظم غياث الدين توران شاه)) was a Kurdish ruler of Egypt, a son of Su ...

(1249–1250) *

An-Nasir Yusuf An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (123 ...

(1250–1260)

Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
na'ibs

*Sanjar as-Salihi (August/September 1260–October 1260)Sato, p. 79. *Taybars al-Waziri (October 1260–1264) *Aqqush as-Salihi (1264–) *

Sunqur al-Ashqar Shams al-Din Sunqur al-Ashqar al-Salihi ( ar, شمس الدين سنقر الأشقر الصالحي) was the Mamluk viceroy of Damascus in 1279–1280, who attempted to rule Syria independently, in a rebellion against the Egypt-based sultan Qalawun ...

(1279–1280) *Lajin al-Ashqar (1280–?) *Aqush Bey (c. 1290s) *Izz ad-Din Aybak (?–1296) *Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297) *Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1299) *

Aqqush al-Afram Jamal al-Din Aqqush al-Afram al-Mansuri (died 1336) was a high-ranking Mamluk emir and defector, who served as the Mamluk viceroy of Damascus and later the Ilkhanid governor of Hamadan. Mamluk emir Aqqush al-Afram was an ethnic Circassian and beg ...

(1299–1309) * Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340) *Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350) *Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350) *Tash Timur (c. 1380) *Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?–1393) *Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399) *Sudun (1399–1400) *occupied by

Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kü ...

(1400–1401) *Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401–?) *

Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq ( ar, الظاهر سيف الدين جقمق; 1373 – 13 February 1453) was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 9 September 1438 to 1 February 1453. Early life and career Jaqmaq was of Circassian descent. He was brought to Eg ...

(1418–1420) *Kijmas (c. 1470s) *Ghazali Arab (c. 16th century) *Sibai (c. 16th century) *Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517) *

Janbirdi al-Ghazali Janbirdi al-Ghazali ( ar, جان بردي الغزالي; ''Jān-Birdi al-Ghazāli''; died 1521) was the first governor of Damascus Province under the Ottoman Empire from February 1519 until his death in February 1521. Career Viceroy of Hama and ...

(1518–1521)

Ottoman walis

Yunus Pasha Yunus Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: يونس پاشا ) (died September 13, 1517) was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire for eight months in 1517, serving from January 30 until his death on September 13. Biography Yunus ...

(c. 1516) *

(1518–1521) * Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1521–1522) * Ferhad Pasha (1522–1523) * Hurram Pasha (1523–1525) * Sulayman Pasha al-Tawashi (1525–1526) * Lutf Pasha (1526–1528) * Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1528–1531) * Mustafa Ablaq Pasha (1531–1534) * Lutf Pasha (1534–1535) * Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1535) * Muhammad Kuzal Pasha (1536–1537) * Topal Sulayman Pasha (1537–1538) * Ahmed Pasha I (1538–1539) * Qese Husrau Pasha (1539–1541) * Isa Pasha (1541–1543) * Piri Pasha (1543–1545) * Sinan Pasha al-Tuwashi (1545–1548) * Piri Pasha (1550–1551) * Muhammad Pasha Bartaki (1551–1552) *

Şemsi Pasha Şemsi Ahmet Pasha also known as Chamsi-Pasha; (born: 1492; died: April 28, 1580) was a prominent Ottoman statesman of Albanian originDanişmend (1971), p. 25. who occupied numerous high-ranking political posts, serving at different stages a ...

(1552–1555) * Hizr Pasha (1555–1561) * Ali Pasha Lankun (1561–1563) * Khusrau Pasha I (1563) *

Lala Mustafa Pasha Lala Mustafa Pasha ( – 7 August 1580), also known by the additional epithet ''Kara'', was an Ottoman Bosnian general and Grand Vizier from the Sanjak of Bosnia. Life He was born around 1500, near the Glasinac in Sokolac Plateau in Bosnia t ...

(1563–1569) * Murad Pasha Shaitan (1569) *Ali Pasha Lankun (1569–1570) * Haji Ahmed Pasha (1570–1571) * Darwish Pasha (1571–1574) * Lala Jafar Pasha (1574–1575) *Murad Pasha (1575–1577) * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1577–1581) * Bahram Pasha (1581–1582) * Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić (1582–1583) * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1583) * Qubad Sulayman Pasha (1584) *

Üveys Pasha Üveys Pasha (1512–1547) was an Ottoman Prince, son of Selim I (also known as ''the Grim'' or ''the Inflexible''). Background According to the 15th century Ottoman historian Âlî Mustafa Efendi, that Selim had a son born from an unnamed c ...

(1584–1585) * Elvendoglu Ali Pasha (October 1585–1586) *

(1586–1587) * Muhammad Pasha Farhad (1587–1588) *

(1588–1589) * Elwanzade Ali Pasha (1589–1590) *

Koca Sinan Pasha Koca Sinan Pasha ( tr, Koca Sinan Paşa, "Sinan the Great"; c. 1506 - 3 April 1596) was an Albanian-born Ottoman Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman. From 1580 until his death he served five times as Grand Vizier. In a Ragusan docum ...

(1590) * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1590–1591) * Mustafa Pasha I (1591–1592) * Khalil Pasha (1592–1593) * Qachirji Mohammad Pasha (1593–1594) * Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1594) *

Kuyucu Murad Pasha Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Ottoman Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger"; sh, Murat-paša Kujudžić; 1535 – 1611) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I betwe ...

(1594–1595) * Khusrau Pasha II (1595–1596) * Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Pasha (1596–1597) * Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1597–1598) * Ahmed Pasha II (1598) * Ahmed Pasha III (1598) * Khusrau Pasha II (1599) *

Emir Mehmed Pasha Seyyid Emir Mehmed Pasha ( tr, Şerif/Seyyid/Emir Mehmed Paşa), known by the epithet "al-Sharif" among his Arab subjects, was an Ottoman statesman who served as defterdar (finance minister) (1589–1593, 1595), Ottoman governor of Egypt (1596� ...

(1599–1600) *Osman Pasha (1601–1603) * Farhad Pasha Bustanji (1603–1604) * Mustafa Pasha II (1604–1607) *Mahmud Pasha (1607–1608) * Sufi Sinan Pasha (1608–1609) * Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615) * Silihdar Mehmed Pasha (1615–1618) * Ahmad al-Hafiz (1618–1619) * Mustafa Pasha III (1619–1620) * Sulayman Pasha I (1620–1621) * Murtaza Pasha Bustanji (1621–1622) *

Mehmed Pasha Rushand Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1622–1623) * Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq (1623–1624) * Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha (1624–1625) * Gurju Mehmed Pasha I (1625–1626) * Tayar Oglu Mehmed Pasha (1626–1628) *

Küçük Ahmed Pasha Küçük Ahmed Pasha (died 21 September 1636) was an Ottoman military commander who twice served as ''beylerbey'' (governor-general) of Damascus, one term as ''beylerbey'' of Anatolia and died commanding troops against Safavid Iran. By eliminating ...

(1628–1629) * Mustafa Pasha IV (1629–1630) * Nawaya Mehmed Pasha (1630–1631) * Ilyas Pasha (1632–1633) * Deli Yusuf Pasha (1633–1635) *

(1635–1636) *Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1636–1638) * Mustafa Pasha IV (1638–1639) * Chifteli Othman Pasha (1639–1640) * Mehmed Pasha I (1640–1641) * Serji Ahmed Pasha (1641–1642) * Melik Ahmed Pasha (1642–1643) * Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1643) * Silihdar Yusuf Pasha (1643–1644) * Gurju Mehmed Pasha II (1644–1645) * Ibrahim Pasha I (1645) * Mehmed Pasha Salami (1645–1646) * Gürcê Mehmed (1646) * Silahdar Yusuf Pasha (1646–1647) * Sufi Murteza Pasha (1647) * Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648) *

Ibşir Mustafa Pasha Ibşir Mustafa Pasha ( ota, ابشير مصطفى پاشا) was an Ottoman statesman of Abkhazian origin, nephew of the governor and rebel Abaza Mehmed Pasha, and prominent Celali rebel. He was grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 28 October ...

(1649) *Mehmed Pasha II (1649–1650) * Silahdar Murtaza Pasha (1650) * Sivaslı Mustafa Pasha (1650) * Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1650–1652) * Defterzade Mehmed Pasha (1653–1655) *

Kara Murat Pasha Kara Murat Pasha, or Kara Dev Murat Pasha, lit. ''Courageous Giant Murat Pasha'' in Ottoman Turkish; (1595 - 1655), was an Ottoman Albanian statesman and military officer. He served as Kapudan Pasha and twice as Grand Vizier. His epithet ''K ...

(1655; died before taking office) * Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1656) *

Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha Köprülü may refer to: People * Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin ** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü f ...

(1659–1661) * Sulayman Pasha II (1661–1663) * Ribleli Mustafa Pasha (1663–1665) * Salih Pasha I (1665–1666) * Qara Mustafa Pasha (1666–1667) * Mehmed Pasha Chewish Oglu (1667–1669) * Ibrahim Pasha Shaytan (1669–1671) * Abazekh Husein Pasha (1671–1672) * Qara Mehmed Pasha (1672–1673) * Ibrahim Pasha Shushman (1673–1674) * Qer Husein Pasha (1674–1675) * Ibrahim Pasha II (1675–1676) * Bosniak Osman Pasha (1676–1679) * Abazekh Husein Pasha (1679–1683) * Ibrahim Pasha III (1684) * Bosniak Osman Pasha (1684–1685) * Kaplan Pasha (1686–1687) * Arap Salih Pasha (1687–1688) * Hamza Pasha (1688–1689) *

Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha (1638 – December 1698) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier from 1693 to 1694. His epithet ''Bozoklu'' means "from Bozok" (modern Yozgat, Turkey).İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türk ...

(1690) * Murtaza Pasha (1690–1691) * Gurju Mehmed Pasha III (1691–1692) * Çelebi Ismail Pasha (1692–1693) * Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1693–1694) * Silihdar Osman Pasha (1695–1696) * Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Pasha (1696–1697) * Ahmad Pasha Hacigirai (1697–1698) * Silihdar Husein Pasha (1699) * Silihdar Hasan Pasha (1700) * Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1701) * Salih Agha (1702) * Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703) * Osman Pasha Arnavud (1703) * Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1703–1704) * Defterdar Mustafa Pasha (1704) * Firari Hüseyin Pasha (1704–1705) * Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706) * Baltaci Süleyman Pasha (1706–1707) * Yusuf Pasha Qapudan (1707–1708) * Nasuh Pasha al-Aydini (1708–1714) *

Topal Yusuf Pasha Topal may refer to: * Topal (surname), a surname of Turkish origin * Topal, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia * Topal, a Turkish Cypriot folk dance See also * Topol (disambiguation) * Topal Osman Hacı Topal Osman Ağa (1883 – 2 April 1923) was ...

(1714–1716) * Kapudan Ibrahim Pasha (1716–1717) *

Köprülü Abdullah Pasha Köprülü Abdullah Pasha ( sq, Abdullah pashë Kypriljoti; 1684 – 1735)Michael Nizri: ''Ottoman High Politics and the Ulema Household'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. pp. 65 was an Ottoman general of the first half of the 18th century and one of t ...

(1717–1718) *

Recep Pasha Recep Pasha (also transliterated in the past as Rajab Pasha or Ragab Pasha or Receb Pasha, or Rajab Bacha or even Rajab Basha; died 1726) was an Ottoman statesman. Recep Pasha became a vizier in September 1707 and served as the Ottoman governor o ...

(1718–1719) * Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1719–1721) * Ali Pasha Maqtuloğlu (1721–1723) * Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1723–1725) * Ismail Pasha al-Azm (1725–November/December 1730) * Muhsinzâde Abdullah Pasha (November/December 1730–December 1730) * Ayndınlı Abdullah Pasha (December 1730–1734) * Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1734–1738) * Hüseyin Pasha Bostancı (1738–1739) * Muhassıl Osman Pasha (1739–1740) * Abdî Pashazâde Ali Pasha (1740–1741) * Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1741–1743) *

As'ad Pasha al-Azm As'ad Pasha al-Azem ( ar, أسعد باشا العظم, 1706 – March 1758) was the governor of Damascus under Ottoman rule from 1743 to his deposition in 1757. He was responsible for the construction of several architectural works in the city a ...

(1743–1757) *

Husayn Pasha ibn Makki Husayn Pasha ibn Makki ( ar, حسين باشا بن مكي, Ḥusayn Bāshā ibn Makkī; known in Turkish as Mekkizâde Hüseyin Paşa) (died 1765) served as the Ottoman ''wali'' (provincial governor) of Damascus (1757) and Marash (1762), and the ...

(1757–1758) * Çeteci Abdullah Pasha (1758–1759) * Muhammad Pasha al-Shalik (1759–1760) * Uthman Pasha al-Kurji (1760–1771) * Muhammad Pasha al-Azm (1771–1772) * Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanji (1773–1783) *

Mehmed Pasha al-Kurji Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1783) *

Darwish Pasha al-Kurji Darwish Pasha al-Kurji (also known as Osmanzade Dervish Pasha) was an Ottoman statesman who served as ''wali'' (governor) of Sidon in 1770–1771 and Damascus in 1783–1784. He was the son of Uthman Pasha al-Kurji, who was of Georgian origin. Da ...

(1783–1784) *

Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar ( ar, أحمد باشا الجزّار; ota, جزّار أحمد پاشا; ca. 1720–30s7 May 1804) was the Acre-based Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet from 1776 until his death in 1804 and the simultaneous governor of D ...

(1784–1786) * Husayn Pasha Battal (1786–1787) * Abdi Pasha (1787–1788) * Ibrahim Pasha al-Dalati (1788–1789) *

(1790–1795) * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1795–1798) *

(1798–1799) * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1799–1803) *

(1803–1804) * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1804–1807) * Kunj Yusuf Pasha (1807–1810) * Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1810–1812) * Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (February 1812–May 1816)Douwes, 2000, p. 58. * Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1816; interim) * Hafiz Amasyali Ali Pasha (1816–March 1817) * Salih Pasha (March 1817–1817) * Izmirli Süleyman Pasha (1817–1819) * Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1819–1822) * Beylanli Mustafa Pasha (June 1822–April 1823) * Salih Pasha (April 1823–January 1824) * Muftizade Ahmed Pasha (1824–May 1824) * Haci Veliyeddin Pasha (1825–1826) * Hakki Ismail Pasha (October 1826–1827) * Izmirli Haci Salih Pasha (1827–1828) *

Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1780–1860) was an Ottoman industrialist and statesman, who was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice under Mahmud II (reign 1808–1839) and three times under Abdülmecit I (reign 1839–1861) during t ...

(1828–1831) * Mehmed Selim Pasha (1831–1832) *to Egypt, autonomous from the Ottoman Empire **Ahmed Bey (1831–1832) ** Ibrahim Pasha (1832) ** Muhammad Sharif Pasha al-Kabir (1832–1838) **vacant (1838–1840) * Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1840–1841) *Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1841–1844) *

Mehmed Namık Pasha Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha (1804 – 1892) was a prominent Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman Army. He served under five Sultans and acted as counsellor to at least fou ...

(1845–1846) * Riza Pasha (1845–1846) * Musa Sefveti Pasha (1846) * Namiq Pasha (1848) *

(1848–1850) * Osman Pasha Said Pasha (1850–1852) * Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1852) * Açaf Pasha (1852–1854) *

Arif Mehmed Pasha Arif or Aref may refer to: *Arif, a local name for the Rif mountains in northern Morocco * Arif (given name) * Arif (surname) *‘arif, a concept in Sufism, see Ma'rifa Maʿrifa (Arabic: “interior knowledge”) is the mystical knowledge of God ...

(1854–1855) *

(1855) *

Mahmud Nedim Pasha Mahmud Nedim Pasha ( 1818 – 14 May 1883) was an Ottoman conservative statesman of ethnic Georgian background,Buṭrus Abū Mannah (2001), ''Studies on Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, 1826-1876'', p. 163. Isis Press, wh ...

(1855–1857) * Izzet Ahmed Pasha (1857) * Ali Pasha II (1858) * Mu'amer Pasha (1860) *

Mehmed Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1814 – February 12, 1869), sometimes known as Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha and commonly known as Fuad Pasha, was an Ottoman administrator and statesman, who is known for his prominent role in the Tanzimat reforms of the m ...

(1860–1861) * Ahmed Pasha IV (1861) * Emin Muhlis Pasha (1861–1862) * Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1862–1864) * Müterçim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha (1864–1865) * Reshid Pasha (1865–1871) * Subhi Pasha (1871–1873) * Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Pasha (1873–1874) * Esad Pasha (1874–1875) *

Ahmed Hamdi Pasha Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1826–1885) was an Ottoman monarchist, administrator and conservative statesman during the First Constitutional Era. Biography He was the governor of İzmir from 1873 to 1874. From 1875 to 8 May 1876, and from 1880 to 1885, h ...

(1875–1876) * Ahmed Pasha V (1876–1877) * Küçük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1877–1878) *

Midhat Pasha Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha ( ota , احمد شفيق مدحت پاشا, 18 October 1822 – 26 April 1883) was an Ottoman democrat, kingmaker and one of the leading statesmen during the late Tanzimat period. He is most famous for leading the O ...

(13 November 1878–1 August 1880) *

Hamdi Pasha Ahmed Hamdi Pasha was a Kurdish Ottoman minister of the Marine, Secretary General of the Society for the Elevation of Kurdistan from 1918-1920 and a General officer of the Ottoman army. A graduate of the Ottoman military academy, he rose to the ...

(1880–1885) * Rashid Nashid Pasha (1885–1888) * Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha (1888–1889) * Mustafa Asim Pasha (1889–1891) * Topal Osman Nuri Pasha (1891–1892) * Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha (1892–1894) * Haçi Osman Nuri Pasha (1894–1895) * Hasan Pasha II (1896–1897) * Hüseyin Nâzım Pasha (1897–1906) * Shukri Pasha (1906–1909) *

Ismail Fazil Bey Ishmael ''Ismaḗl''; Classical/Qur'anic Arabic: إِسْمَٰعِيْل; Modern Standard Arabic: إِسْمَاعِيْل ''ʾIsmāʿīl''; la, Ismael was the first son of Abraham, the common patriarch of the Abrahamic religions; and is cons ...

(1909–1911) * Ismail Ghalib Bey (1911–1912) * Kiazim Pasha (1912–1913) * Arif Bey (1913) * Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914) *

Jamal Pasha Ahmed Djemal ( ota, احمد جمال پاشا, Ahmet Cemâl Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), also known as Cemal Pasha, was an Ottoman military leader and one of the Three Pashas that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Djemal wa ...

(1915) * Azmi Pasha (1915–1916) *

Tahsin Bey Hasan Tahsin Bey (27 August 1878 – 5 December 1939; surnamed Uzer after 1934 Surname Law, 1934) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman and later Turkish bureaucrat and politician. Throughout his career as a politician, Tahsin served as a governor to se ...

(1916–1918) * Mehmed Gabriel Pasha (1918) * Shukri Pasha (October 1–2, 1918)

Arab Kingdom of Syria The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, No ...

* Faisal (1918–1920)

Capital of Syria

* French Syria (1920–1946) * Republic of Syria (1946–1958) *

United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic (UAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Eg ...

(1958–1961) * Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)

References

Bibliography

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Rulers Of Damascus Damascus Syria history-related lists Damascus Damascus

Aram Damascus The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus () was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant. Alongside various tribal lands, it was bounded in its later ye ...

Period of non-independence

Rashidun period

Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ... period

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ... period

Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dyna ... emirs

Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ... emirs

Burid The Burid dynasty was a dynasty of Turkish origin ''Burids'', R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332. which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus ... emirs

Zengid The Zengid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin, which ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia on behalf of the Seljuk Empire and eventually seized control of Egypt in 1169. In 1174 the Zengid state extended from Tripoli ... atabegs

Ayyubid emir Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or cer ...s (some were also sultans of Egypt)

Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ... na'ibs