Stanisław Orzechowski, also known among others as Stanisław Orżechowski Roxolan, Stanislaus Orichovius Polonus, Stanislaus Orichovius Ruthenus,Orzechowski, Stanisław Okszyc (1513-1566). (Nazwa osobowa)
// Biblioteka Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, 2019 Stanislaus Okszyc Orzechowski Roxolanus,Stanislaus Okszyc Orzechowski.
Fidelis subditus
'. 1696 Stanislas Orzechowski and Stanislaus Orzechowski (1513–1566) was a

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

political writer. The son of a

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

father and a Ruthenian

Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pa ...

mother, he was a strict

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for much of his life but at one stage, probably the 1540s, he appeared to have turned to Protestantism, which he later detracted from. He was highly critical of Protestant reformer

Francesco Stancaro Francesco Stancaro (also Latin: Franciscus Stancarus) (1501 in Mantua – 1574 in Stopnica) was an Italian Catholic priest, theologian, Protestant convert, and Protestant reformer who became professor of Hebrew at the University of Königsberg ...

and authored a critique of him in around 1550, by which time he had turned his back on the Protestants. He is considered to be an early champion of

Polish nationalism Polish nationalism is a form of nationalism which asserts that the Poles are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Poles. Norman Davies, in the context of Polish nationalism, generally defined nationalism as "a doctrine ... to create a n ...

and in his writings often defended the

Golden Liberty Golden Liberty ( la, Aurea Libertas; pl, Złota Wolność, lt, Auksinė laisvė), sometimes referred to as Golden Freedoms, Nobles' Democracy or Nobles' Commonwealth ( pl, Rzeczpospolita Szlachecka or ''Złota wolność szlachecka'') was a pol ...

and privileges of the Polish nobility.

Biography

Orzechowski was born in 1513, in or near Przemyśl, then part of the Ruthenian Voivodeship. His father, Stanisław Orzechowski, was a Catholic nobleman and courtier at the court of King

John I Albert John I Albert ( pl, Jan I Olbracht; 27 December 1459 – 17 June 1501) was King of Poland from 1492 until his death in 1501 and Duke of Głogów (Glogau) from 1491 to 1498. He was the fourth Polish sovereign from the Jagiellonian dynasty, the s ...

. Later Stanisław Orzechowski became a clerk of the Przemyśl Land. His mother was a Ruthenian noblewoman, Yadviga Baranetska, a daughter of an Orthodox priest. According to some researchers, he could have had up to 12 siblings.Redakcja. ''Orzechowski Stanisław h. Oksza (1513—1566)''… — S. 287. He received his primary education at the cathedral school in Przemysl, where he received "the beginnings of writing and all sorts of sciences appropriate to the boyish years", and demonstrated "quick wit and good memory". In 1526 he continued his education at the University of Kraków (a document shows the date of 5 August 1526). Dissatisfied with the scholasticism that prevailed there, he devoted much time to private study. He then studied in Vienna (1527), where his mentor was a renowned humanist and poet, Professor at the University of Vienna Alexander Brasikan. In 1529 he moved to study at the

University of Wittenberg Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university in ...

. There he came under the influence of the Church reformer

Martin Luther Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation and the namesake of Lutherani ...

and fellow humanist

Philip Melanchthon Philip Melanchthon. (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lu ...

. His father, not wanting him to convert to the Protestant rite, soon enough ordered him to leave Wittenberg. Subsequently, Stanisław went to Italy. There he attended lectures at

University of Padua The University of Padua ( it, Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is an Italian university located in the city of Padua, region of Veneto, northern Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from ...

(1532) and the

University of Bologna The University of Bologna ( it, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy. Founded in 1088 by an organised guild of students (''studiorum''), it is the oldest university in continu ...

(1540), furthering his education in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

and

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...

References

External links

Works by Stanisław Orzechowski
in digital library

Polona Polona is a Polish digital library, which provides digitized books, magazines, graphics, maps, music, fliers and manuscripts from collections of the National Library of Poland and co-operating institutions. It began its operation in 2006. Colle ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orzechowski, Stanislas Polish political writers 1513 births 1566 deaths 16th-century Polish writers Polish Roman Catholics Ruthenian nobility Conservatism in Poland 16th-century Polish philosophers

Biography

References

Further reading

External links