Shermer, Michael

Michael Brant Shermer (born September 8, 1954) is an American science writer, historian of science, executive director of The Skeptics Society, and founding publisher of ''Skeptic'' magazine, a publication focused on investigating pseudoscientific and supernatural claims. The author of over a dozen books, Shermer is known for engaging in debates on pseudoscience and religion in which he emphasizes scientific skepticism.

Shermer was the co-producer and co-host of ''Exploring the Unknown'', a 13-hour Fox Family television series broadcast in 1999. From April 2001 to January 2019, he contributed a monthly ''Skeptic'' column to ''Scientific American'' magazine.

Shermer was raised in a non-religious household, before converting to christian fundamentalism as a teenager. He stopped believing in God during graduate school, influenced by a traumatic accident that left his then-girlfriend paralyzed. He identifies as an agnostic and an atheist,Shermer, Michael (June 2005)
"Why I Am An Atheist"
michaelshermer.com but prefers "skeptic". He also advocates for humanism.

Early life and education

Shermer was born on September 8, 1954, in Los Angeles. He is partly of Greek and German ancestry. Shermer was raised in Southern California, primarily in the La Cañada Flintridge area.Shermer, Michael. ''The Believing Brain''. 2011. Times Books. Chapter 4Shermer, 2002, p. 127 His parents divorced when he was four and later remarried. He has a step-sister, two step-brothers, and two half-sisters.Shermer, ''The Believing Brain'', Chapter 6

Although Shermer went to Sunday school, he said that neither his biological parents, stepparents nor siblings were religious nor non-religious, as they did not discuss that topic often, nor did they attend church or pray together. He began his senior year of high school in 1971, when the evangelical movement in the United States was growing in popularity. At the behest of a friend, Shermer embraced Christianity. He attended the Presbyterian Church in Glendale, California, and observed a sermon delivered by "a very dynamic and histrionic preacher who inspired me to come forward at the end of the sermon to be saved." For seven years, Shermer evangelized door-to-door.

Shermer attended an informal Christian fellowship at "The Barn" in La Crescenta, California, which he described as "a quintessential 1970s-era hang-out with a long-haired hippie-type, guitar-playing leader". At the Barn, Shermer describes enjoying the social aspects of religion, especially theological debates.

Shermer graduated from Crescenta Valley High School in 1972. He enrolled at Pepperdine University that year, intending to pursue Christian theology. Despite restrictions, such as a ban on dancing and visiting opposite sex dorms, he accepted the university’s teachings. When he learned a doctorate in theology required proficiency in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Aramaic, he changed majors to psychology. He completed his BA in psychology at Pepperdine in 1976.

Shermer went on to study experimental psychology at California State University, Fullerton. Discussions with his professors,Shermer, ''Why People Believe Weird Things'', 2002, p. 128 along with studies in the natural and social sciences, led him to question his religious beliefs. Fueled by what he perceived to be the intolerance generated by the absolute morality taught in his religious studies; the hypocrisy in what many believers preached and what they practiced; and a growing awareness of other religious beliefs that were determined by the temporal, geographic, and cultural circumstances in which their adherents were born, he abandoned his religious views. Halfway through graduate school, he stopped wearing his Christian silver ichthys medallion.

Shermer attributed the paralysis of his college girlfriend as a key point when he lost faith. After she was in an automobile accident that broke her back and rendered her paralyzed from the waist down, Shermer relayed, "If anyone deserved to be healed it was her, and nothing happened, so I just thought there was probably no God at all."

Shermer earned an MA degree in psychology from California State University, Fullerton in 1978.

Career

Cycling

After earning his MA in experimental psychology in 1978, Shermer worked as a writer for a bicycle magazine in Irvine, California. He took up bicycle racing after his first assignment, a Cycles Peugeot press conference, He completed a century ride (100 miles) and started to ride hundreds of miles a week.

Shermer began competitive cycling in 1979 and rode professionally for ten years, primarily in long distance ultramarathon road racing. He is a founding member of the Ultra Cycling Hall of Fame.

Shermer worked with cycling technologists in developing better products for the sport. During his association with Bell Helmets, a bicycle-race sponsor, he advised them on design issues regarding expanded-polystyrene for use in cycling helmets, which would absorb greater impact than the old leather " hairnet" helmets used by bicyclists for decades. Shermer advised them that if their helmets looked too much like motorcycle helmets, in which polystyrene was already being used, and not like the old hairnet helmets, no serious cyclists or amateur would use them. This suggestion led to their model, the ''V1 Pro'', which looked like a black leather hairnet, but functioned on the inside like a motorcycle helmet. In 1982, he worked with Wayman Spence, whose small supply company, Spenco Medical, adapted the gel technology Spence developed for bedridden patients with pressure sores into cycling gloves and saddles to alleviate the carpal tunnel syndrome and saddle sores suffered by cyclists.Shermer, Michael (2007). ''The Mind of The Market: Compassionate Apes, Competitive Humans, and Other Tales from Evolutionary Economics''. Holt Paperbacks. pp. 59–61

While a long distance racer, he helped to found the 3,000-mile nonstop transcontinental bicycle Race Across America (known as "RAAM", along with Lon Haldeman and John Marino), in which he competed five times (1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, and 1989), was an assistant race director for six years, and the executive race director for seven years."Michael Shermer: Curriculum Vitae"
michaelshermer.com. Retrieved June 18, 2012. An acute medical condition is named for him: " Shermer's Neck" is pain in and extreme weakness of the neck muscles found among long-distance bicyclists. Shermer suffered the condition about 2,000 miles into the 1983 Race Across America. Shermer's embrace of scientific skepticism crystallized during his time as a cyclist, explaining, "I became a skeptic on Saturday, August 6, 1983, on the long climbing road to Loveland Pass, Colorado", after months of training under the guidance of a "nutritionist" with an unaccredited PhD. After years of practicing acupuncture, chiropractic, massage therapy, negative ions, rolfing, pyramid power, and fundamentalist Christianity to improve his life and training, Shermer stopped rationalizing the failure of these practices.

Shermer participated in the Furnace Creek 508 in October 2011, a qualifying race for RAAM, finishing second in the four man team category.

Shermer has written on the subject of pervasive doping in competitive cycling and a game theoretic view of the dynamics driving the problem in several sports. He covered r-EPO doping and described it as widespread and well known within the sport, which was later shown to be instrumental in the doping scandal surrounding Lance Armstrong in 2010., 1h20 onward

Teaching

While cycling, Shermer taught Psychology 101 during the evenings at Glendale Community College, a two-year college. Wanting to teach at a four-year university, he decided to earn his PhD. He lost interest in psychology and switched to studying the history of science, earning his PhD at Claremont Graduate University in 1991. His dissertation was titled ''Heretic-Scientist: Alfred Russel Wallace and the Evolution of Man: A Study on the Nature of Historical Change''.

Shermer then became an adjunct professor of the history of science at Occidental College, California. In 2007, Shermer became a senior research fellow at Claremont Graduate University. In 2011, he worked as an adjunct professor at Chapman University, and was later made a Presidential Fellow. At Chapman, he taught a yearly critical thinking course called Skepticism 101.

Skeptics Society

In 1991, Shermer and Pat Linse co-founded the Skeptics Society in Los Angeles with the assistance of Kim Ziel Shermer. The Skeptics Society is a non-profit organization that promotes scientific skepticism and seeks to debunk pseudoscience and irrational beliefs. It started off as a garage hobby but eventually grew into a full-time occupation. The Skeptics Society publishes the magazine ''Skeptic'', organizes the Caltech Lecture Series, and as of 2017, it had over 50,000 members.

Shermer is listed as one of the scientific advisors for the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH).

Published works

Shermer’s early writing covered cycling, followed by math and science education for children which included several collaborations with Arthur Benjamin.

From April 2001 to January 2019, he wrote the monthly ''Skeptic'' column for ''Scientific American''. He has also contributed to ''Time'' magazine.

He is the author of a series of books that attempt to explain the ubiquity of irrational or poorly substantiated beliefs, including UFOs, Bigfoot, and paranormal claims. Writing in ''Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time'' (1997), Shermer refers to "patternicity", his term for pareidolia and apophenia or the willing suspension of disbelief. He writes in the Introduction:

So we are left with the legacy of two types of thinking errors: ''Type 1 Error: believing a falsehood'' and ''Type 2 Error: rejecting a truth''. ... Believers in UFOs, alien abductions, ESP, and psychic phenomena have committed a Type 1 Error in thinking: they are believing a falsehood. ... It's not that these folks are ignorant or uninformed; they are intelligent but misinformed. Their thinking has gone wrong.

In ''How We Believe: The Search for God in an Age of Science'' (2000), Shermer explored the psychology behind the belief in God.

In February 2002, he characterized the position that "God had no part in the process f the evolution of mankind as the "standard scientific theory". This statement was criticized in January 2006 by the scientist Eugenie Scott, who commented that science makes no claim about God one way or the other.

Shermer's book ''In Darwin's Shadow: The Life and Science of Alfred Russel Wallace: A Biographical Study on the Psychology of History'' (2002) was based on his dissertation.

In his book ''The Borderlands of Science'', (2001) Shermer rated several noted scientists for gullibility toward "pseudo" or "borderland" ideas, using a rating version, developed by psychologist Frank Sulloway, of the Big Five model of personality. Shermer rated Wallace extremely high (99th percentile) on agreeableness/accommodation and argued that this was the key trait in distinguishing Wallace from scientists who give less credence to fringe ideas.

In May 2002, Shermer and Alex Grobman published their book '' Denying History, Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It?'', which examined and countered the Holocaust denial movement. This book recounts meeting various denialists and concludes that free speech is the best way to deal with pseudohistory.

'' Science Friction: Where the Known Meets the Unknown'' was released in 2005.

His 2006 book '' Why Darwin Matters: The Case Against Intelligent Design'' marshals point-by-point arguments supporting evolution, sharply criticizing intelligent design. This book also argues that science cannot invalidate religion, and that Christians and conservatives can and should accept evolution.

In ''The Mind of The Market: Compassionate Apes, Competitive Humans, and Other Tales from Evolutionary Economics'' (2007), Shermer reported on the findings of multiple behavioral and biochemical studies that address evolutionary explanations for modern behavior. It garnered several critical reviews from academics, with skeptic Robert T. Carroll saying: "He has been blinded by his libertarianism and seduced by the allure of evolutionary psychology to explain everything, including ethics and economics."

In May 2011, Shermer published ''The Believing Brain: From Ghosts and Gods to Politics and Conspiracies: How We Construct Beliefs and Reinforce Them as Truths''. In a review for '' Commonweal'', writer Joseph Bottum described Shermer as more of a popularizer of science and stated, "science emerges from ''The Believing Brain'' as a full-blown ideology, lifted out of its proper realm and applied to all the puzzles of the world."

In January 2015, Shermer published '' The Moral Arc: How Science and Reason Lead Humanity Toward Truth, Justice, and Freedom''.

Writing for ''Society'' in 2017, Eugene Goodheart noted that Shermer identified skepticism with scientism and observed that in his book ''Skeptic: Viewing the World with a Skeptical Eye'' (2016) Shermer was a "vivid and lucid" writer who imported his "political convictions into his advocacy of evolutionary theory, compromising his objectivity as a defender of science."

Harriet Hall says of Shermer's 2018 publication, ''Heavens on Earth: The Scientific Search for the Afterlife, Immortality, and Utopia'', that "the topics of ''Heavens on Earth'' are usually relegated to the spheres of philosophy and religion, but Shermer approaches them through science, looking for evidence – or lack thereof." She goes on to say that " me will argue that Shermer goes beyond the science" but that "it will definitely ... make the reader think."

In 2020, Shermer published ''Giving the Devil His Due,'' a series of 30 reflections on essays that he had published the previous 15 years.

Media appearances and lectures

Shermer appeared as a guest on ''Donahue'' in 1994 to respond to Bradley Smith's and David Cole's Holocaust denial claims, and in 1995 on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' to challenge Rosemary Altea's psychic claims.

In 1994 and 1995, Shermer made several appearances on NBC's daytime paranormal-themed show ''The Other Side''. He proposed a skepticism-oriented reality show to the producers but it did not move forward. Several years later Fox Family Channel, picked up the series.Shermer, Michael (2001). ''The Borderlands of Science''. Oxford University Press, pp. 10–13. In 1999, Shermer co-produced and co-hosted the Fox Family TV series ''Exploring the Unknown''. Budgeted at approximately $200,000 per episode, the series was viewed by Shermer as a direct extension of the work done at the Skeptics Society and ''Skeptic'' magazine, with a neutral title chosen to broaden viewership.

Shermer made a guest appearance in a 2004 episode of Penn & Teller's '' Bullshit!'', in which he argued that events in the Bible constitute "mythic storytelling", rather than events described literally. His stance was supported by the show's hosts, who have expressed their own atheism. The episode in question, ''The Bible: Fact or Fiction?'', sought to debunk the notion that the Bible is an empirically reliable historical record. Opposing Shermer was Paul L. Maier, professor of ancient history at Western Michigan University."The Bible: Fact or Fiction?"
'' Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'' Season 2. Retrieved July 5, 2017.

Shermer presented at the three Beyond Belief events from 2006 to 2008. He has presented at several TED conferences with "Why people believe strange things" in 2006, "The pattern behind self-deception" in 2010, and "Reasonable Doubt" in 2015.

Shermer has debated Deepak Chopra several times, including on the ABC News program '' Nightline'' in March 2010.

In 2012, Shermer was one of three guest speakers at the first Reason Rally in Washington, DC, an event attended by thousands of atheists, where he gave a talk titled "The Moral Arc of Reason." That same year, Shermer participated in an Intelligence Squared debate titled "Science Refutes God" paired with Lawrence Krauss, and opposing Dinesh D'Souza and Ian Hutchinson.

He is also an occasional guest on ''Skepticality'', the official podcast of ''Skeptic''., 1h20 onward

Shermer appeared in the 2014 documentary ''Merchants of Doubt.''

Allegations of sexual harassment

In 2018, Kimberly Winston reported in ''The Washington Post'' that Shermer had "denied allegations of sexual harassment and assault from several women." In 2019 NPR reported that although he was not charged for any wrongdoing, Illinois Wesleyan University had canceled author Shermer’s visit for the President’s Convocation at that institution after it discovered that sexual assault allegations had been made against Shermer. Writing for ''The Guardian'' in 2020, Fara Dabhoiwala stated that several of Shermer's public speaking engagements had been canceled as a result of the allegations of sexual harassment and assault from women, allegations that Shermer has denied. ''Undark Magazine'' reported that the allegations against Shermer began to emerge in 2013 and 2014. The magazine also reported that Shermer had sent cease and desist letters to the student-run newspaper of Santa Barbara City College and accused the editor of defamation in an email to the college.

Personal life

Shermer married Kim Ziel. They had one daughter together and later divorced. On June 25, 2014 he married Jennifer Graf, a native of Cologne, Germany. The ceremony was performed by Shermer's sister, Tina, who was ordained online for the occasion.

As of 2007, Shermer lived in Altadena, California, but no longer resided there by 2021. He has advocated for a reducetarian diet.

Political positions

Shermer is a self-described libertarian. In a 2015 interview, Shermer stated that he preferred to talk about individual issues after previous experience with people refusing to listen to him after learning he held libertarian views.

In 2000, Shermer voted for libertarian Harry Browne, on the assumption that the winner of the Al Gore – George W. Bush contest would be irrelevant. He later regretted this decision, believing that Bush's foreign policy made the world more dangerous. He voted for John Kerry in 2004. Shermer named Thomas Jefferson as his favorite president, for his championing of liberty and his application of scientific thinking to the political, economic, and social spheres.

In June 2006, Shermer, who formerly expressed skepticism regarding the mainstream scientific views on global warming, wrote in ''Scientific American'' magazine that, in the light of the accumulation of evidence, the position of denying global warming is no longer tenable.

Gun control

Shermer supports some measures to reduce gun-related violence. He once opposed most gun control measures, primarily because of his beliefs in the principles of increasing individual freedom and decreasing government intervention, and also because he has owned guns for most of his life. As an adult, he owned a .357 Magnum pistol for a quarter of a century for protection, although he eventually took it out of the house, and then got rid of it entirely. Though he no longer owns guns, he continues to support the right to own guns to protect one's family.Shermer, Michael (2013)
"The Sandy Hook Effect"
''Skeptic''. Vol. 18 No. 1. p. 39 However, by 2013, the data on gun homicides, suicides, and accidental shootings convinced him that some modest gun control measures might be necessary.

Capital punishment

Shermer once favored capital punishment in sympathy for victims' families, but later came to oppose the death penalty, partially out of a resistance to giving the government too much power – in light of the hundreds of executed individuals who were later revealed to be innocent – and partially from his view that retributive justice is driven by humanity's baser instincts, and it does not effect restorative justice. He changed his mind about the issue during research for ''The Moral Arc'', reasoning that " apital punishmentis one of these barbaric practices that we need to get rid of. he United States ofAmerica is really the last of the 19 industrialized democracies to have the death penalty. (...) The Italian enlightenment philosopher Cesare Beccaria, in his book ''On Crimes and Punishments'', put forward the idea that the punishment should fit the crime and that the criteria should be whether it keeps people from committing crimes, and the Death Penalty does not do that."

Awards and honors

* Fellow, 2001, Linnean Society of London
* California State University, Fullerton Distinguished Alumni Award, 2002
* NCAS Philip J. Klass Award, October 2006
* Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, Whittier College, 2008"105th Whittier College Commencement Ceremony"
. May 23, 2008.
* Independent Investigations Group, 10th Anniversary Gala award, 2010

Bibliography

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* Shermer, Michael (2022)''. Conspiracy - Why the Rational Believe the Irrational''. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1421444451.

Media work and appearances

Television

;''Exploring the Unknown'' (1999)

* "Michael Shermer and Out of Body Experiences"
* "Michael Shermer on How to Fake UFO Photographs"
* "Michael Shermer on Spoonbending"
* "Michael Shermer Firewalking Across Hot Coals"
* "Michael Shermer Tests the Polygraph and Lie Detection", Parts 1 & 2
* "Michael Shermer Learns the Art of Con Games", Parts 1 & 2
* "Michael Shermer Decodes the Bible Code"
* "Michael Shermer Explores Graphology/Handwriting Analysis", Parts 1 & 2
* "Michael Shermer Remote Viewing Experiment", Parts 1 & 2

;Other television and film appearances

* August 1983 news segment on Shermer bicycling in Race Across America
* ''Unsolved Mysteries'', James Van Praagh'', 1994
* '' Charlie Rose'', April 1996
* " The Power of Belief", ABC News, 1998
* ''Politically Incorrect'', December 22, 2000
* ''20/20'', December 5, 2003
* ''Dennis Miller'', May 19 and May 20, 2004
* " The Bible: Fact or Fiction?", '' Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'', 2004
* ''The Question of God: Sigmund Freud & C.S. Lewis'', 2004
* ''The Eyes of Nye'' on "Pseudoscience", 2005
* ''The Skeptic's Guide to the Universe'', October 4, 2006
* "Doomsday 2012", ''Decoding the Past'', 2007
* ''Larry King Live'', July 13, 2007 and January 24, 2008
* '' Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed'', 2008
* "Does God Have a Future?", '' Nightline'', ABC, March 23, 2010
* "What Were You Thinking?", ''Dateline NBC'', April 25, 2010
* "Did You See That?", ''Dateline NBC'', July 16, 2010
* ''The Colbert Report'', August 21, 2007
* ''The Colbert Report'', July 11, 2011
* ''Paranormal Challenge'', Linda Vista Hospital, August 26, 2011
* ''Conspiracy Road Trip: UFOs'', BBC Three, 15 October 2012
* '' Stossel'', Fox Business Channel, December 13, 2012
* '' The Agenda with Steve Paikin'' Feb 28, 2013 "The Anti-Science Left"
* '' StarTalk'', National Geographic Channel, November 15, 2015

Radio and Web appearances

* ''Coast to Coast AM'', September 1, 2007 and May 21, 2011
* '' Mr. Deity and the Skeptic''. YouTube. September 15, 2009
* ''Mr. Deity and the Believing Brain''. YouTube. August 3, 2011
* ''The Rubin Report'', January 22, 2016
* ''The Joe Rogan Experience'', March 7, 2016, September 14, 2016, May 16, 2017, January 24, 2018, January 10, 2019

References

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