Rade (Rhade; Rade: ; or ) is an
Austronesian language of southern
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...
. There may be some speakers in Cambodia. It is a member of the
Chamic subgroup, and is closely related to the Cham language of central Vietnam.
Dialects
Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:24)
lists nine dialects of Rade. They are spoken mostly in
Đắk Lắk Province in the
Central Highlands region of Vietnam.
*Kpă: spoken throughout
Buôn Ma Thuột
Buôn Ma Thuột () (formerly Lac Giao) or sometimes Buôn Mê Thuột or Ban Mê Thuột, is the capital city of Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Its population was 420,000 in 2016, and grew to 502,170 by 2018. The c ...
*Krung: spoken in
Ea H'leo and
Krông Năng; some Krung also live among the Jarai in
Gia Lai Province
*Adham: spoken in
Krông Buk,
Krông Năng, and
Ea H'leo
*Ktul: spoken in
Krông Bông and the southern part of
Krông Pắk
*Drao (Kơdrao): spoken in
M'Đrăk (in the townships of Krông Jing, Cư M'Ta, and Ea Trang)
*Blô: spoken in
M'Đrăk (small population)
*Êpan: spoken in
M'Đrăk (small population)
*Mdhur: spoken in
Ea Kar and
M'Đrăk; also in
Gia Lai Province and
Phu Yen Province
*Bih: spoken in
Krông Ana and in the southern part of
Buôn Ma Thuột
Buôn Ma Thuột () (formerly Lac Giao) or sometimes Buôn Mê Thuột or Ban Mê Thuột, is the capital city of Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Its population was 420,000 in 2016, and grew to 502,170 by 2018. The c ...
Bih, which has about 1,000 speakers, may be a separate language. Tam Nguyen (2015) reported that there are only 10 speakers of Bih out of an ethnic population of about 400 people.
A patrilineal Rade subgroup known as the Hmok or Hmok Pai is found in the
Buôn Ma Thuột
Buôn Ma Thuột () (formerly Lac Giao) or sometimes Buôn Mê Thuột or Ban Mê Thuột, is the capital city of Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Its population was 420,000 in 2016, and grew to 502,170 by 2018. The c ...
area (Phạm 2005:212).
Classification
Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23)
provides the following classification for the Rade dialects. Đoàn (1998) also provides a 1,000-word vocabulary list for all of the nine Rade dialects.
*Area 1
**''Area 1.1'': Krung, Kpă, Adham
**''Area 1.2'': Drao. Êpan, Ktul
**Blô (mixture of areas 1.1 and 1.2, as well as Mdhur)
*Area 2
**Mdhur
**Bih
Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23)
assigns the following cognacy percentages for comparisons between Kpă and the other eight dialects of Rade, with Bih as the most divergent dialect.
*Kpă – Krung: 85.5%
*Kpă – Adham: 82%
*Kpă – Ktul: 82%
*Kpă – Mdhur: 80%
*Kpă – Blô: 82%
*Kpă – Êpan: 85%
*Kpă – Drao: 81%
*Kpă – Bih: 73%
Vocabulary
* – the most senior in age and authority
* – Protestant of Christian (single word identity of E-de)
* – you
* – husband
* – her/him
* – they
* – we
* – love
* – hate
* – younger sibling
* – mom/mother
* – grandma/grandmother
* – grandma/grandfather
* – father, dad daddy
* – ugly, bad
* – pretty
* – beautiful girl
* – good
* – love
* – give
* – true
* – go
* – I/me
* – name
* – country
* – want/like
* – God
* – speak
* – language
* – rice porridge
* – fat
* – skinny
* – black
* – to be from
* – from
*, , , , – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
*, , , , : 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
* – America
* – Cambodia
* – person
* – learn
* – sound of displeasure/pain
* –
* – type/write
* – English
* – Rade/Ede
* – A lot
* – French
Phonology
The spelling is shown in italics.
Vowels
* Vowels can also be heard as more centralized-back .
Consonants
* can also be heard as a more bilabial .
* Glottalized final consonant sounds are heard only in final position.
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
External links
Alphabet and pronunciation* ELAR archive o
Documenting Bih*
{{Austronesian languages
Chamic languages
Languages of Vietnam