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Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

's Psychotropic Substances Act is a law designed to regulate certain mind-altering drugs. According to the Office of the Narcotics Control Board, "The Act directly resulted from the

Convention on Psychotropic Substances The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as #Amphetamine-type stimulants, amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and Psychedelic drug, psychede ...

1971 of which Thailand is a party." The Act divides psychotropic drugs into four Schedules. Offenses involving Schedule I and II drugs carry heavier penalties than those involving Schedule III and IV drugs. Note that this statute does not regulate most

opioid Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects. Medically they are primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia. Other medical uses include suppression of diarrhea, replacement therapy for opioid us ...

cocaine Cocaine (from , from , ultimately from Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''kúka'') is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly recreational drug use, used recreationally for its euphoria, euphoric effects. It is primarily obtained from t ...

, or some

amphetamines Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with sub ...

. The vast majority of narcotic painkillers, along with cocaine and most amphetamines are regulated under the Narcotics Act.

Schedule I

Some examples include: *

Cathinone Cathinone (also known as benzoylethanamine, or β-keto-amphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub '' Catha edulis'' (khat) and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine, methcathinone and other amphetamines. It is probably the m ...

((-)-a-Amino-propiophenone) * Etryptamine (3-(2-aminobutyl) indole) *

Mescaline Mescaline or mescalin (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin. Biological sou ...

(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine) *

Methcathinone Methcathinone (α-methylamino-propiophenone or ephedrone) (sometimes called "cat" or "jeff" or "catnip" or "M-Kat" or "kat" or "intash" ) is a monoamine alkaloid and psychoactive stimulant, a substituted cathinone. It is used as a recreational ...

(2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one) *

Psilocin Psilocin (also known as 4-HO-DMT, 4-hydroxy DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counte ...

(3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-4-hydroxyindole) * Psilocybine (3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate) *

Tetrahydrocannabinol Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis and one of at least 113 total cannabinoids identified on the plant. Although the chemical formula for THC (C21H30O2) describes multiple isomers, the term ''THC'' ...

(1-Hydroxy-3-pentyl-6 a, 7,10,10 a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo ,dpyran)

Schedule II

Some examples include: * Amfepramone (2-(Diethylamino) propiophenone) *

Aminorex Aminorex (Menocil, Apiquel, aminoxaphen, aminoxafen, McN-742) is a weight loss (anorectic) stimulant drug. It was withdrawn from the market after it was found to cause pulmonary hypertension. In the U.S., it is an illegal Schedule I drug, meani ...

(2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline) *

Butorphanol Butorphanol is a morphinan-type synthetic agonist–antagonist opioid analgesic developed by Bristol-Myers. Butorphanol is most closely structurally related to levorphanol. Butorphanol is available as the tartrate salt in injectable, tablet, an ...

(17-(cyclobutymethyl) morphinan 3, 14-diol) * Cathine (d-threo-2-Amino-1-hydroxy- 1- phenylpropane) * Fencamfamin ((+)-N-Ethyl-3-phenylbicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptan-2-amine) *

Fenethylline Fenethylline (British Approved Name, BAN, United States Adopted Name, USAN) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and a prodrug to both. It is also spelled phenethylline and fenetylline (International Nonproprietary Name, INN); other nam ...

((+)-3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-7-(2- 1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl) aminoethyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione) *

Flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam, also known as Rohypnol among other names, is a benzodiazepine used to treat severe insomnia and assist with anesthesia. As with other hypnotics, flunitrazepam has been advised to be prescribed only for short-term use or by those ...

(5-(o-Fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Ketamine Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used medically for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It is also used as a recreational drug. It is one of the safest anesthetics, as, in contrast with opiates, ether, and propofol, it suppresses ne ...

(Cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)) *

Mazindol Mazindol (brand names Mazanor, Sanorex) is a stimulant drug which is used as an appetite suppressant. It was developed by Sandoz Laboratories, Sandoz-Wander in the 1960s. Medical uses Mazindol is used in short-term (i.e., a few weeks) treatment ...

(5-(p-Chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-imidazo ,1-aisoindol-5-o1) *

Methaqualone Methaqualone is a hypnotic sedative. It was sold under the brand names Quaalude ( ) and Sopor among others, which contained 300 mg of methaqualone, and sold as a combination drug under the brand name Mandrax, which contained 250 mg met ...

(2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone) *

Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is the most widely prescribed central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, ...

(2-Phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl) acetic acid, methyl ester) *

Nimetazepam Nimetazepam (marketed under brand name Erimin and Lavol) is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was first synthesized by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1964. It possesses powerful hypnotic, anxiolytic, s ...

(1,3-Dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzo-diazepin-2-one) *

Pemoline Pemoline, sold under the brand name Cylert among others, is a stimulant medication which has been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It has been discontinued in most countries to due to rare b ...

(2-Amino-5-phenyl-4(5H)-oxazolone) *

Pentobarbital Pentobarbital (previously known as pentobarbitone in Britain and Australia) is a short-acting barbiturate typically used as a sedative, a preanesthetic, and to control convulsions in emergencies. It can also be used for short-term treatment of ...

(5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) barbituric acid) *

Phencyclidine Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as angel dust among other names, is a dissociative anesthetic mainly used recreationally for its significant mind-altering effects. PCP may cause hallucinations, distorted perceptio ...

(1-(1-Phenyl-cyclohexyl)-piperidine) *

Secobarbital Secobarbital (as the sodium salt, originally marketed by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of insomnia, and subsequently by other companies as described below, under the brand name Seconal) is a short-acting barbiturate derivative drug that ...

(5-Allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) barbituric acid) *

Temazepam Temazepam (sold under the brand names Restoril among others) is a medication of the benzodiazepine class which is generally used to treat severe or debilitating insomnia. It is taken by mouth. Temazepam is rapidly absorbed, and significant hypno ...

(7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Triazolam Triazolam, sold under the brand name Halcion among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepine (BZD) derivatives. It possesses pharmacological properties ...

(8-Chloro-6-(o-Chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-s-triazolo ,3-a ,4benzodiazepine)

Schedule III

Some examples include: *

Amobarbital Amobarbital (formerly known as amylobarbitone or sodium amytal as the soluble sodium salt) is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. It has sedative- hypnotic properties. It is a white crystalline powder with no odor and a slightly bitter tas ...

(5-Ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl) barbituric acid) *

Brotizolam Brotizolam (marketed under brand name Lendormin) is a sedative-hypnotic thienotriazolodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and is con ...

(2-Bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno ,2-f ,2,4,triazolo- ,3-a ,4diazepine) *

Buprenorphine Buprenorphine is an opioid used to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, and chronic pain. It can be used under the tongue (sublingual), in the cheek (buccal), by injection (intravenous and subcutaneous), as a skin patch (transdermal), ...

(21-Cyclopropyl-7-α- s)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl6, 14-endo-ethano-6,7,8, 14-tetrahydrooripavine) *

Butalbital Butalbital is a barbiturate with an intermediate duration of action. Butalbital is often combined with other medications, such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or aspirin, for the treatment of pain and headache. The various formulations combined wi ...

(5-Allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid) *

Cyclobarbital Cyclobarbital, also known as cyclobarbitol or cyclobarbitone, is a barbiturate derivative In mathematics, the derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respec ...

(5-(1-Cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid) * Flutoprazepam (7-chloro-1-cyclopropylmethyl-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Glutethimide Glutethimide is a hypnotic sedative that was introduced by Ciba in 1954 as a safe alternative to barbiturates to treat insomnia. Before long, however, it had become clear that glutethimide was just as likely to cause addiction and caused simila ...

(2-Ethyl-2-phenyl-glutarimide) *

Loprazolam Loprazolam (triazulenone) marketed under many brand names is a benzodiazepine medication. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is licensed and marketed for the short-term t ...

(6-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2,4 dihydro-2- 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) methylene8-nitro-1H-imidazo ,2-a ,4benzodiazepin-1-one) *

Lormetazepam Lormetazepam, sold under the brand name Noctamid among others, is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative and temazepam analogue. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and skel ...

(7-Chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl- 2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Midazolam Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. It works by inducing sleepiness, decreasing anxiety, and causing a loss of a ...

(8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo-(1,5-a) (1,4) benzodiazepine) *

Meprobamate Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug. It was the best-selling minor tranquilizer for a time, but has largely been replaced by the be ...

(2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate) *

Nitrazepam Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others, is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia. It also has sedative (calming) properties, as well as amnestic (i ...

(1,3-Dihydro-7-nitro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Pentazocine Pentazocine, sold under the brand name Talwin among others, is a painkiller used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is believed to work by activating (agonizing) κ-opioid receptors (KOR) and μ-opioid receptors (MOR). As such it is called an ...

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-Hexahydro-6, 11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2, 6- methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol)

Schedule IV

Some examples include: *

Allobarbital Allobarbital, also known as allobarbitone and branded as Dial, Cibalgine (in combination with aminophenazone), or Dial-Ciba (in combination with ethyl carbamate), is a barbiturate derivative invented in 1912 by Ernst Preiswerk and Ernst Grether w ...

(5,5-diallybarbituric acid) *

Alprazolam Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax, among others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of medium duration in the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It is most commonly u ...

(8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo ,3-a ,4benzodiazepine) *

Barbital Barbital (or barbitone), marketed under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid (hypnotic) from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemic ...

(5, 5-diethylbarbituric acid) *

Benzphetamine Benzphetamine (brand name Didrex) is a substituted amphetamine used short-term along with a doctor-approved, reduced- calorie diet, exercise, and behavioral program for weight loss. It is prescribed for obesity to people who have been unable to ...

(N-benzyl-N, α -dimethylphenethylamine) *

Bromazepam Bromazepam, sold under many brand names, is a benzodiazepine. It is mainly an anti-anxiety agent with similar side effects to diazepam (Valium). In addition to being used to treat anxiety or panic states, bromazepam may be used as a premedicant ...

(7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,4- benzodiazepin-2-one) * Butobarbital (5-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid) * Camazepam (7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1, 4 benzodiazepin-2-one dimethylcarbamate) *

Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula . It is a colorless solid. It has limited use as a sedative and hypnotic pharmaceutical drug. It is also a useful laboratory chemical reagent and precursor. It is derived from chloral (trichl ...

and its adducts *

Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide, trade name Librium among others, is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class; it is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and other drugs. Chlordiazepoxide has a medium t ...

(7-chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-3H-1, 4-benzodiazepine- 4- oxide) *

Clobazam Clobazam, sold under the brand names Frisium, Onfi and others, is a benzodiazepine class medication that was patented in 1968. Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969. Clobazam was originally marketed as an anxioselec ...

(7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-(3H, 5H)-dione) *

Clonazepam Clonazepam, sold under the brand names Klonopin and Rivotril, is a medication used to prevent and treat seizures, panic disorder, anxiety disorders, and the movement disorder known as akathisia. It is a tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine clas ...

(5-(o-Chlorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Clortermine Clortermine (Voranil) was developed by Ciba in the 1960s and is an anorectic drug of the amphetamine class. It is the 2- chloro analogue of the better known appetite suppressant phentermine, and is the 2- chloro positional isomer of chlorphenter ...

(2-chloro- α, α -demethyl benzeneethanamine) *

Diazepam Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, a ...

(7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol is a GABA-ergic sedative and hypnotic/soporific medication first developed by Pfizer in the 1950s. In the United States it was sold by Abbott Laboratories under the trade name Placidyl. Placidyl was available in 200 mg, 500& ...

(ethyl-2-chlorovinyl-ethinyicabinol) *

Lorazepam Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. It is used to treat anxiety disorders, trouble sleeping, severe agitation, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and c ...

(7-Chloro-5(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-one) * Mefenorex ((±)-N(3-chloropropyl)-a-methylphenethylamine) *

Oxazepam Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine. Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia and in the control of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is a metabolite of diazepam, prazepam, and temazepam, and ha ...

(7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) *

Phenobarbital Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, sold under the brand name Luminal among others, is a medication of the barbiturate type. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of certain types of ep ...

(5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid) *

Propylhexedrine Propylhexedrine, sold under the brand name Benzedrex, is a nasal decongestant, appetite suppressant, and psychostimulant medication. It is used medicinally for relief of congestion due to colds, allergies and allergic rhinitis. Propylhexedrin ...

((±)-N,a-Dimethylcyclohexane-ethylamine) * Tetrazepam (7-Chloro-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-one) * Vinylbital (5-(1-methylbutyl)-5-vinylbarbituric acid)

References

Controlled Psychotropic Substances - FDA
Drug control law Thai legislation Drug policy of Thailand