Progress and Development ( he, קידמה ופיתוח, ''Kidma VePituah''; ar, تقدم وتطور) was an

Arab satellite list The Arab satellite lists, Arab lists, or satellite parties were Israeli Arab satellite parties formed for the purposes of electoral support of Mapai (and later the Labor Party), and other Zionist parties between 1948 and the mid 1970s.Rebecca K ...

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

History

Progress and Development was established in 1959, drawing its support from the

Galilee Galilee (; he, הַגָּלִיל, hagGālīl; ar, الجليل, al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon. Galilee traditionally refers to the mountainous part, divided into Upper Galilee (, ; , ) and Lower Gali ...

area. Like other Israeli Arab parties at the time, it was associated with

David Ben-Gurion David Ben-Gurion ( ; he, דָּוִד בֶּן-גּוּרִיּוֹן ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first prime minister of Israel. Adopting the nam ...

Mapai Mapai ( he, מַפָּא"י, an acronym for , ''Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael'', lit. "Workers' Party of the Land of Israel") was a democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger in ...

party, as Ben-Gurion was keen to include Israeli Arabs in the functioning of the state in order to prove

Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...

s and

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...

s could co-exist peacefully and productively. In the 1959 elections, the party won 1.3% of the votes and two seats, making it the most popular Israeli Arab party in the

Knesset The Knesset ( he, הַכְּנֶסֶת ; "gathering" or "assembly") is the unicameral legislature of Israel. As the supreme state body, the Knesset is sovereign and thus has complete control of the entirety of the Israeli government (wit ...

. Its seats were taken by

Ahmed A-Dahar Ahmed Kemal A-Dahar ( ar, أحمد كامل الظاهر, he, אחמד כאמל א-ד'אהר; born 1906, died 6 February 1984) was an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Progress and Development between 1959 and 1965 ...

and Elias Nakhleh. Because of its association with

, the party joined the governing coalition. In the 1961 elections the party increased its share of the vote to 1.6%, though it was overtaken as the most popular Israeli Arab party by

Cooperation and Brotherhood Cooperation and Brotherhood ( he, שיתוף ואחווה, ''Shituf VeAhva''; ar, مشاركة وأخوة) was an Arab satellite list in Israel. History Cooperation and Brotherhood was an Israeli Arab organisation formed to participate in the ...

, who won 1.9% of the vote. Despite its increased vote, the party still won only two seats, retained by A-Dahar and Nakhleh, and was again part of all three coalition governments during the fifth Knesset. In the 1965 elections the party increased its share of the vote again, to 1.9%, overtaking Cooperation and Brotherhood to regain its place as the most popular Israeli Arab party. It joined

Levi Eshkol Levi Eshkol ( he, לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל ;‎ 25 October 1895 – 26 February 1969), born Levi Yitzhak Shkolnik ( he, לוי יצחק שקולניק, links=no), was an Israeli statesman who served as the third Prime Minister of Israe ...

's coalition government, and A-Dahar was replaced by

Seif-El-Din El-Zubi Seif el-Din el-Zoubi ar, سيف الدين الزعبي, he, סַיִף אֵל־דִּין אֶל־זעֻבִּי; in Hebrew his name was most often written without niqqud (as is standard) as . (1913 – 26 June 1986) was an Israeli-Arab po ...

, previously an MK for the

Democratic List of Nazareth The Democratic List of Nazareth ( he, רְשִׁימָה דֶּמוֹקְרָטִית שֶׁל נָצְרַת, ''Reshima Demokratit shel Natzrat''; ar, قائمة الناصرة الديمقراطية) was an Arab satellite list in Israel and t ...

(in the

first Knesset Constituent Assembly elections were held in newly independent Israel on 25 January 1949. Voter turnout was 86.9%. Two days after its first meeting on 14 February 1949, legislators voted to change the name of the body to the Knesset (Hebrew: כ ...

) and the

Democratic List for Israeli Arabs The Democratic List for Israeli Arabs ( ''al-Qā'ima al-dīmũqrāṭiyya li-'arab Isrā'īl'', he, רשימה דמוקרטית לערביי ישראל, ''Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael'') was an Arab satellite list in Israel. History In ...

(in the

second The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds ea ...

and third Knessets). During the Knesset session the party briefly merged with Cooperation and Brotherhood to form Cooperation and Development, though the union split up soon after its formation. In October 1968 Nakhleh broke away from the party to form the Jewish–Arab Brotherhood, though he was elected to the next Knesset as a member of Cooperation and Brotherhood. The 1969 elections saw a further increase in popularity to 2.1% of the vote, though it still won only two seats.

Jabr Muadi Sheikh Jabr Muadi ( ar, جبر داهش معدي; he, ג'בר מועדי, born 1 April 1919, died 19 May 2009) was an Israeli Druze politician who served as a member of the Knesset for seven different parties between 1951 and 1981. Biography Bo ...

(a former Democratic List for Israeli Arabs MK who had broken away from Cooperation and Brotherhood to form the Druze Party after Cooperation and Development had broken up, effectively swapping parties with Nahale) took the second seat, and the party was included in

Golda Meir Golda Meir, ; ar, جولدا مائير, Jūldā Māʾīr., group=nb (born Golda Mabovitch; 3 May 1898 – 8 December 1978) was an Israeli politician, teacher, and '' kibbutznikit'' who served as the fourth prime minister of Israel from 1969 to ...

's coalition government. Muadi was appointed Deputy Minister of Communications in October 1971, making him only the second Israeli Arab to join the

cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filin ...

. In the 1973 elections the party won only 1.4% of the vote, though it retained its two seats. Although it was excluded from Golda Meir's government despite still being aligned with the Labour Party, after she resigned and

Yitzhak Rabin Yitzhak Rabin (; he, יִצְחָק רַבִּין, ; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77, and from 1992 until h ...

formed the 17th government, the party was invited back into the governing coalition and Muadi regained his deputy ministerial position. During the Knesset session the party briefly became part of the

Alignment Alignment may refer to: Archaeology * Alignment (archaeology), a co-linear arrangement of features or structures with external landmarks * Stone alignment, a linear arrangement of upright, parallel megalithic standing stones Biology * Struc ...

before merging with the

Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers The Arab List for Bedouin and Villagers ( he, רשימה ערבית לבדואים וכפריים, ''Reshima Aravit LeBedouim VeKfariym'', ar, القائمة العربية للبدو والفلاحين) was an Arab satellite list in Israel. B ...

to form the United Arab List.Kidma Vepituah
Knesset website

References

External links

Party history
Knesset website {{Israeli political parties Defunct political parties in Israel Arab political parties in Israel Political parties established in 1959 Political parties disestablished in 1977