Podolia Governorate
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The Podolia Governorate or Podillia Governorate (), set up after the
Second Partition of Poland The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War ...
, was a governorate (''
gubernia A governorate, gubernia, province, or government ( rus, губе́рния, p=ɡʊˈbʲɛrnʲɪjə, also romanized ; uk, губернія, huberniia), was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the empir ...
'', ''province'', or ''government'') of the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
from 1793 to 1917, of the
Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...
from 1917 to 1921, and of the
Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
from 1921 to 1925.


History

The Government of Podolia was established right after the
Second Partition of Poland The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War ...
in place of the former Podole and
Bracław Voivodeship pl, Województwo bracławskie uk, Брацлавське воєводство , subdivision = Voivodeship , nation = Poland¹ , year_start = 1566 , event_end = Third partition , year_end = 1793 , date_end = 24 October , p1 ...
s in 1793.


Location

The Podolian Governorate occupied the southwestern frontier of the former Russian empire, bordering
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
, and had an area of about 42,000 km2. The administrative centre was Kamenets-Podolskiy until 1914 when it moved to
Vinnytsia Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug. It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. A ...
. Podolia Governorate was one of the three governorates of the
Southwestern Krai Southwestern Krai (russian: Юго-западный край, Yugo-zapadny kray), also known as Kiev General Governorate or Kiev, Podolia, and Volhynia General Governorate ( rus, Киевское, Подольское и Волынское г ...
administration. In 1917 it was recognized by the
Russian Provisional Government The Russian Provisional Government ( rus, Временное правительство России, Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of the Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately ...
to be governed by the
General Secretariat of Ukraine The General Secretariat of Ukraine ( uk, Генеральний секретаріат УЦР—УНР) was the autonomous Ukrainian executive government of the Russian Republic from June 28, 1917 to January 22, 1918. For most of its existence ...
as the representative of the
Russian Provisional Government The Russian Provisional Government ( rus, Временное правительство России, Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of the Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately ...
in the region.


Administrative division


Uyezd subdivision

Until 1918 the governorate consisted of 12
uyezd An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...
s (counties): #
Baltsky Uyezd Baltsky Uyezd (''Балтский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Balta. Demogr ...
#
Bratslavsky Uyezd Bratslavsky Uyezd (''Брацлавский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Bratslav. ...
#
Vinnitsky Uyezd Vinnitsky Uyezd (''Винницкий уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Vinnytsia (''Vi ...
# Gaysinsky Uyezd #
Kamenets-Podolsky Uyezd Kamenets-Podolsky Uyezd (''Каменец-Подольский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrati ...
#
Letichevsky Uyezd Letichevsky Uyezd (''Летичевский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Letyc ...
#
Litinsky Uyezd Litinsky Uyezd (''Литинский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Lityn (''Litin'' ...
# Mogilyovsky Uyezd #
Olgopolsky Uyezd Olgopolsky Uyezd (''Ольгопольский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Ol ...
#
Proskurovsky Uyezd Proskurovsky Uyezd (''Проскуровский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was K ...
#
Ushitsky Uyezd Ushitsky Uyezd (''Ушицкий уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Nova Ushytsia (' ...
#
Yampolsky Uyezd Yampolsky Uyezd (''Ямпольский уезд'') was one of the uezds (uyezds or subdivisions) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Yampil (''Yamp ...


Okruha subdivision

On 12 April 1923 all uyezds (counties) were transformed into
okruha An okruha ( uk, округа) is an historical administrative division of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic that existed between 1923 and 1930. The system was intended as a transitional system between the Russian Imperial division of gover ...
s (counties), while volosts (districts) – into raions (districts). Okruhas served as a subdivision of government until it was abolished on 1 August 1925. Together with the government of Podilia, the Haisyn okruha was dissolved as well. Some territory of Tulchyn okruha were included into the newly formed
Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic * ro, Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă! (Moldovan Cyrillic: ) * uk, Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! * russian: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! , title_leader = First Secr ...
. * Vinnytsia * Haisyn *
Kamianets The word Kamenets (or its variants Kamenec, Kamieniec, Kamyanets or Kamianets) is a common Slavic toponym with the root ''kamen'' meaning "stone" and the suffix '' -ets''. It usually denotes a rocky mountain or stony embankment of a river or stream. ...
* Mohyliv * Proskuriv * Tulchyn


Principal cities

Russian Census of 1897: * Kamenets/Podolsky – 35 934 (Jewish – 16 112, Ukrainian – 9 755, Russian – 7 420) *
Vinnitsa Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug. It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. A ...
– 30 563 (Jewish – 11 456, Ukrainian – 10 862, Russian – 5 206) *
Balta Balta may refer to: People * Balta (footballer) (born 1962), Spanish footballer and manager * Balta (surname) Places * Balta (crater), on Mars * Balta, Mehedinți, Romania *Bâlta, a village in Filiași, Dolj County, Romania *Bâlta, a village ...
– 23 363 (Jewish – 13 164, Russian – 5 385, Ukrainian – 4 124) *
Proskurov Khmelnytskyi ( uk, Хмельни́цький, Khmelnytskyi, ), until 1954 Proskuriv ( uk, Проску́рів, links=no ), is a city in western Ukraine, the administrative center for Khmelnytskyi Oblast (region) and Khmelnytskyi Raion (dist ...
– 22 855 (Jewish – 11 369, Ukrainian – 4 425, Russian – 3 483) * Mogilev/Dnestr – 22 315 (Jewish – 12 188, Ukrainian – 6 512, Russian – 2 668) *
Zhmerinka Zhmerynka ( uk, Жмеринка ) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast (Oblast, province) of central Ukraine. Serving as the Capital city, administrative center of the Zhmerynka Raion (Raion, district), the town itself is not a part of the district and ...
– 12 908 * Khmelnik – 11 657 (Jewish – 5 979, Ukrainian – 5 375, Polish – 150)


Smaller cities

*
Bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar (u ...
– 9 982 (Jewish – 5 764, Ukrainian – 3 332, Russian – 485) *
Lityn Lityn (, ) is a town in Vinnytsia Oblast (province), located in the historic region of the Podilia. It was formerly the administrative center of the Lityn Raion, but is now administered within Vinnytsia Raion. Population: Location The town ...
– 9 420 (Jewish – 3 828, Ukrainian – 3 047, Russian – 2 126) * Gaysin – 9 374 (Jewish – 4 322, Ukrainian – 3 946, Russian – 884) * Olgopol – 8 134 (Ukrainian – 4 837, Jewish – 2 465, Russian – 625) *
Bratslav Bratslav ( uk, Брацлав; pl, Bracław; yi, בראָצלעוו, ''Brotslev'', today also pronounced Breslev or '' Breslov'' as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is an urban-type settlement in Ukraine, located i ...
– 7 863 (Jewish – 3 275, Ukrainian – 2 608, Russian – 1 782) *
Letichev Letychiv ( uk, Летичів; pl, Latyczów; russian: Летичев) is a town in the eastern part of Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. 51 km from Khmelnytskyi and 33 km from the railway station in Derazhnia. It was ...
– 7 248 (Jewish – 4 105, Ukrainian – 1 719, Polish – 741) * Yampol – 6 605 (Ukrainian – 3 282, Jewish – 2 819, Russian – 275) * Novaya Ushytsa – 6 371 (Jewish – 2 214, Russian – 2 120, Ukrainian – 1 836) * Staraya Ushytsa – 4 176 (Ukrainian – 2 488, Jewish – 1 584, Polish – 57) * Salnitsa – 3 699 (Ukrainian – 2 758, Jewish – 899, Polish – 19) * Verbovets – 2 311 (Ukrainian – 1 282, Jewish – 661, Polish – 326)


Language

The Imperial census of 1897 produced the following statistics. Bold type marks languages spoken by more people than the state language. In 1897 3,018,299 people lived in the governorate of Podolia. The cities had 221,870 inhabitants, comprising about 7.35% of the total population. About 46.06% of the urban population consisted of Jews, 32.54% of Ukrainians, 15.03% of Russians, and 4.90% of Poles.


Religion

The Imperial census of 1897Religion Statistics of 1897
reported: ;Religious structures * Churches **
Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "canonical") ...
1645 ** Roman Catholic ( kosciol) 202 **
Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...
4 *Monasteries **
Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "canonical") ...
7 (male), 4 (female) *Synagogues 89 ** other Shul(s) 438 *Mosque(s) 1


See also

*
Podolia Podolia or Podilia ( uk, Поділля, Podillia, ; russian: Подолье, Podolye; ro, Podolia; pl, Podole; german: Podolien; be, Падолле, Padollie; lt, Podolė), is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central ...


References

{{coord, 48.6806, N, 26.5806, E, source:wikidata, display=title Governorates of the Russian Empire Governorates of Ukraine 1790s establishments in the Russian Empire