Perm
Perm
Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, tr. Permsky kray,
IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]) is a federal subject of
Russia
Russia (a
krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of
the 2004 referendum on the merger of
Perm
Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak
Autonomous Okrug. The city of
Perm
Perm is the administrative center.
Population: 2,635,276 (2010 Census).[7]
Komi-Permyak Okrug
Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within
Perm
Perm Krai
during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a
budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers.
Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the
budgeting law of
Perm
Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in
part because
Komi-Permyak Okrug
Komi-Permyak Okrug relies heavily on federal subsidies,
and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.
Contents
1 Geography
1.1 Rivers
1.2 Climate
1.3 Minerals
1.4 Flora and fauna
2 Politics
3 Administrative divisions
4 Law enforcement
5 Economy
6 Demographics
6.1 Demographics for 2007
6.2 Religion
7 Major attractions
8 References
9 Sources
10 External links
Geography[edit]
Perm
Perm
Krai is located in the east of the
East European Plain
East European Plain and the
western slope of the Middle Ural Mountains. 99.8% of its area is in
Europe, 0.2% in Asia.
length from north to south – 645 kilometres (401 mi)
length from west to east – 417.5 kilometres (259.4 mi)
The krai borders the
Komi Republic
Komi Republic in the north,
Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast in the
northwest, the
Udmurt Republic
Udmurt Republic in the southwest, the Republic of
Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan in the south, and
Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east.
The krai borders stretch for over 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi).
The highest point is Mount
Tulymsky Kamen
Tulymsky Kamen at 1,496 metres
(4,908 ft).
Rivers[edit]
Chusovaya River
Vishera River
Rivers of
Perm
Perm
Krai belong to the
Kama River
Kama River Basin, the largest
tributary of Volga River. There are more than 29,000 rivers in Perm
Krai. The total length of all rivers is more than 90,000 kilometres
(56,000 mi).
Only two rivers in
Perm
Perm
Krai have lengths exceeding 500 kilometres
(310 mi). They are the
Kama River
Kama River at 1,805 kilometres
(1,122 mi) and the Chusovaya River, 592 kilometres (368 mi).
There are about 40 rivers with lengths from 100 to 500 kilometres (62
to 311 mi). The longest of them are:
Sylva River
Sylva River — 493 km (306 mi)
Kolva River — 460 km (285 mi)
Vishera River — 415 km (258 mi)
Yayva River
Yayva River — 403 km (250 mi)
Kosva River
Kosva River — 283 km (176 mi)
Kosa River
Kosa River — 267 km (165 mi)
Veslyana River
Veslyana River — 266 km (165 mi)
Inva River
Inva River — 257 km (159 mi)
Obva River
Obva River — 247 km (153 mi)
There are also many small rivers, but some of them have historical
significance, for example Yegoshikha River, in mouth of which city
Perm
Perm was founded.
Climate[edit]
Perm
Perm krai has a continental climate. Winters are long and snowy, with
average temperatures in January varying from −18 °C
(0 °F) in the northeast part of krai to −15 °C
(5 °F) in southwest part. The record lowest recorded temperature
was −53 °C (−63 °F) (in the north).
Minerals[edit]
Salt dump in Solikamsk
Kungur Ice Cave
Perm
Perm
Krai is rich with minerals, that can be explained its diverse
relief in mountainous and flat parts. There are produced: oil, natural
gas, gold, diamonds, chromites, peat, limestone, building materials
and others.[11]
Oil in its area was first discovered in 1929 near settlement
Verhnechusovskie Gorodki. Currently there are known more than 180 oil
and gas fields. Among them are developed: 89 oil, 2 gas and 18 both
oil and gas fields. Most of them are small and extracted in central
and southern districts of krai. Northern fields a less developed
because of deep lying of oil under salt layers.
Coal has been mined in
Perm
Perm
Krai for more than 200 years. For a long
time it played an important role in the fuel and energy balance in the
region. Maximum mining was in 1960 and reached 12 million tones, after
it mining decrease and there are no exploration of new fields.
In
Perm
Perm
Krai is located Verkhnekamskoye deposit of potassium salts,
one of the largest in the world. Its area is approx. 1,800 km²
and the thickness of the salt layers reaches 514 m.
Flora and fauna[edit]
Forests cover about 71% of
Perm
Perm krai's area. Predominant are
coniferous forests, percentage of deciduous forests increase from
north to south. There are 62 species of mammals, more than 270 species
of birds, 39 species of fishes, 6 species of reptile and 9 species of
amphibians.
Three nature reserves are located in
Perm
Perm Krai: Basegi, Vishera,
Preduralie.
Politics[edit]
Perm
Perm
Krai Legislative Assembly, July 2010
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared
between three persons: The first secretary of the
Perm
Perm CPSU Committee
(who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast
Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive
Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and
the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was
appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of
Perm
Perm
Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The
Legislative Assembly of
Perm
Perm
Krai is the province's standing
legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises
its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and
by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other
legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast
Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as
district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate
development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast
administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the
highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast
Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Administrative divisions[edit]
Welcome sign at the border of Chernushinsky District
Main article: Administrative divisions of
Perm
Perm Krai
Administratively, the krai is divided into thirty-three districts,
fourteen cities of krai significance, and one closed
administrative-territorial formation. Six administrative districts are
grouped into Komi-Permyak Okrug, which is an administrative unit with
special status formed within
Perm
Perm
Krai as a result of the 2005 merger
of
Perm
Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, both of which used
to be the federal subjects.
Municipally, the territories of all administrative districts and those
of nine cities of krai significance are incorporated as municipal
districts. The remaining five cities are incorporated as urban okrugs.
Law enforcement[edit]
Perm
Perm Krai
MVD's Directorate of
Perm
Perm Krai
Motto
служа закону, Служим народу
by serving the law, we serve the people
Agency overview
Legal personality
Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
Governing body
MVD
General nature
Law enforcement
Local civilian police
Operational structure
Headquarters
Komsomolskiy Pr. 74, Perm
Elected officer responsible
Yuri Velyaev, Chief of Police
Parent agency
MVD
Child agency
Politsiya
Notables
Award
1918
Website
Official Website
The Directorate of the Ministry for Internal Affairs in
Perm
Perm Krai
(ГУ МВД России по Пермскому краю) or the
Police of
Perm
Perm (Полиция Перми) is the main law enforcement
agency of the government of
Perm
Perm Krai, Russia. It is answerable to the
regional
MVD
MVD and the governor of
Perm
Perm Krai. The chief of police is
Yuri Valyaev.
Economy[edit]
Nonferrous metallurgy is based on ore processing Verkhnekamskoye
potash deposit containing magnesium and rare metals. The factories are
located in
Berezniki
Berezniki (Titanium
Magnesium
Magnesium Plant Corporation VSMPO) and
Solikamsk
Solikamsk (JSC
Solikamsk
Solikamsk magnesium plant).
In engineering plays an important role military production. The
largest center of engineering is Perm; manufactured aircraft and
rocket engines, oil field and mining equipment, Petrol motive-powered
saws, communication equipment, vessels, cable and other products. The
largest enterprises are
Motovilikha Plants
Motovilikha Plants and
Perm
Perm Motors. Timber
Complex edge based on the use of the richest forest resources of
Prikamye. Logging facilities are located mainly in the north of the
region.
Demographics[edit]
Kamskaya Hydroelectric power plant, Perm
According to the 2010 Census, the population of
Perm
Perm
Krai is
2,635,276;[7] down from 2,819,421 recorded in the 2002 Census,[12] and
further down from 3,099,994 recorded in the 1989 Census.[13]
Ethnic groups, as of the 2010 Census, are:[7]
Russians
Russians (87.1%),
Komi-Permyaks (3.2%),
Tatars
Tatars (4.6%),
Bashkirs
Bashkirs (1,3%), Ukrainians
(0,6%),
Udmurts
Udmurts (0,8%),
Belarusians
Belarusians (0,3%), Germans (0,3%) and others.
Additionally, 119,538 people were registered from administrative
databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that
the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the
declared group.[14]
There are about 40,740
Bashkirs
Bashkirs is
Perm
Perm Krai, according to the 2002
Census. Most of them live in Bardymsky District, in basin of Tulva
River and belong to tribe gaina.
Tatars
Tatars live in almost all settlements of
Perm
Perm Krai. There are several
different ethnographical groups of Tatar people. In this territory
there were longtime active contacts between
Tatars
Tatars and Bashkins, so in
some cases it is difficult to delineate the ethnic groups, especially
in such areas as
Kuyedinsky District
.svg/500px-Location_of_Kuyeda_Region_(Perm_Kray).svg.png)
Kuyedinsky District and Tulva River basin.[15][16]
Vital Statistics for 2007: Source
Birth Rate: 12.05 per 1000
Death Rate: 15.70 per 1000
Net Immigration: -1.0 per 1000
NGR: -0.37% per Year
PGR: -0.48% per Year
Vital statistics for 2012
Births: 38 847 (14.8 per 1000)
Deaths: 37 278 (14.2 per 1000) [17]
Total fertility rate: 1.91
Death rates in some of the remote and rural areas in
Perm
Perm
Krai are
very high, never seen before during times other than major wars or
natural calamities. Just five districts out of a total of 47 have a
surplus of births over death in
Perm
Perm Krai. The birth rate in
Perm
Perm Krai
is much higher compared to other European regions. For example, the
birth rate for Germany was 8.3 per 1000 in 2007.
Perm
Perm as a whole is
having 50% higher birth rate, and even the district with the lowest
birth rate is having 20% higher BR compared to Germany. In 2008, the
birth rate in
Perm
Perm
Krai was 8% higher than that of 2007. Close to 35.5
thousand births were recorded with the heaviest increases in City of
Perm
Perm (+11%) and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (+18%). Among the
districts, Kudymkar City recorded a 46% rise in birth rates for 2008
compared to 2007, while Usolsky recorded a 31% rise and Kyshertsky
recorded a 29% rise. In 13 of the districts, there were more births
than deaths, among them Ordynsky, Karagaysky, Kudimkar, Chernushynsky,
Chaykovsky & Permsky.[18]
Total fertility rate:[19][20]
1995 - 1,31 2000 - 1,26 2005 - 1,34 2006 - 1,34 2007 - 1,47
2008 - 1,57 2009 - 1,61 2010 - 1,77 2011 - 1,78 2012 - 1,91
2013 - 1,93 2014 - 1,98 2015 - 2,02 2016 - 1,99(e)
Demographics for 2007[edit]
[21]
District
Population
Births
Deaths
BR
DR
NGR
Perm
Perm Krai
2,718,227
32,747
42,680
12.05
15.70
-0.37%
Bolshesosnovsky
14,292
219
268
15.32
18.75
-0.34%
Vereshchagynsky
43,410
710
744
16.36
17.14
-0.08%
Gornozavodsky
27,885
396
582
14.20
20.87
-0.65%
Yelovsky
12,299
176
229
14.31
18.62
-0.43%
Kochevsky
12,356
181
196
14.65
15.86
-0.12%
Ilyinsky
20,311
278
408
13.69
20.09
-0.64%
Karagaysky
23,907
360
381
15.06
15.94
-0.08%
Kishertsky
14,578
158
280
10.84
19.21
-0.83%
Krasnovishersky
26,287
335
455
12.74
17.31
-0.45%
Kuyedinsky
30,576
446
489
14.59
15.99
-0.14%
Kungursky
46,370
727
720
15.68
15.53
0.01%
Kudymkarsky
27,922
429
676
15.36
24.21
-0.88%
Nitvensky
45,552
656
858
14.40
18.84
-0.44%
Oktyabrsky
34,789
481
585
13.83
16.82
-0.30%
Ordinsky
16,185
247
241
15.26
14.89
0.04%
Osinsky
32,074
410
550
12.78
17.15
-0.44%
Okhansky
17,180
202
359
11.76
20.90
-0.91%
Ochyorsky
24,651
366
455
14.85
18.46
-0.36%
Permsky
87,342
1,275
1,383
14.60
15.83
-0.12%
Sivinsky
16,797
297
266
17.68
15.84
0.18%
Solikamsky
17,637
203
265
11.51
15.03
-0.35%
Suksunsky
20,925
294
349
14.05
16.68
-0.26%
Uynsky
12,631
180
212
14.25
16.78
-0.25%
Usolsky
13,788
176
299
12.76
21.69
-0.88%
Chastinsky
14,450
207
254
14.33
17.58
-0.33%
Cherdynsky
32,522
342
542
10.52
16.67
-0.61%
Gaynsky
16,106
214
268
13.29
16.64
-0.33%
Chernushinsky
52,231
811
638
15.53
12.21
0.33%
Perm
987,246
10,094
13,167
10.22
13.34
-0.31%
Alexandrovsky
34,554
427
662
12.36
19.16
-0.68%
Berezniki
165,950
1,822
2,484
10.98
14.97
-0.40%
Gremyachinsky
15,075
178
367
11.81
24.34
-1.25%
Gubakhinsky
40,086
448
826
11.18
20.61
-0.92%
Dobryansky
61,365
792
950
12.91
15.48
-0.26%
Kizelovsky
30,837
381
827
12.36
26.82
-1.43%
Krasnokamsky
40,393
816
1,264
20.20
31.29
-0.64%
Kungur
68,074
872
981
12.81
14.41
-0.16%
Lysvensky
82,921
1,016
1,598
12.25
19.27
-0.70%
Solikamsk
97,269
1,165
1,464
11.98
15.05
-0.30%
Chaykovsky
108,617
1,374
1,332
12.65
12.26
0.04%
Chusovskoy
73,314
879
1,531
11.99
20.88
-0.89%
Yurlinsky
11,046
200
253
18.11
22.90
-0.48%
Kosinsky
7,716
130
160
16.85
20.74
-0.38%
Yusvinsky
22,626
288
475
12.73
20.99
-0.82%
Kudymkar
30,964
385
511
12.43
16.50
-0.40%
Bardymsky
27,529
361
537
13.11
19.51
-0.64%
Beryozovsky
17,901
230
281
12.85
15.70
-0.28%
Religion[edit]
Religion in
Perm
Perm
Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[22][23]
Russian Orthodoxy
43%
Other Orthodox
1%
Old Believers
0.5%
Other Christians
5.3%
Islam
4.1%
Rodnovery
Rodnovery and other native faiths
1.5%
Spiritual but not religious
23.9%
Atheism
Atheism and irreligion
14%
Other and undeclared
6.7%
As of a 2012 survey[22] 43% of the population of
Perm
Perm
Krai adheres to
the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% declares to be generically
unaffiliated Christian, 4% are Muslims, 2% are
Rodnovers
Rodnovers (Slavic folk
religion), 1% are Old Believers, 1% Orthodox Christian believers who
don't belong to churches or are members of non-Russian Orthodox
churches, 8% follows other religion or did not give an answer to the
survey. In addition, 24% of the population declares to be "spiritual
but not religious" and 14% to be either atheist or not religious.[22]
Major attractions[edit]
Perm
Perm State Art Gallery
Khokhlovka
Perm
Perm
Krai is home of several museums:
Perm
Perm State Art Galery
Perm
Perm Museum of Local History
Museum of Motovilikha Plants
Architectural-Ethnographic Museum
Khokhlovka
Khokhlovka and others.
Numerous architectural monuments are located in the small town of
Usolye, in north of
Perm
Perm Krai. Particularly important are the Saviour
Cathedral, with a separate bell tower, and House of Stroganov.
There are many theaters in Perm, including the
Perm
Perm Opera and Ballet
Theater, the
Perm
Perm Academic Theater, the Puppet Theater, the Theater
for Young Spectators, the Theater "Near Bridge", and others.
There are many temples and convents in
Perm
Perm Krai. The most significant
of them are:
Belogorsky Convent
Belogorsky Convent located in 85 km from Perm,
Sludskaya Church, Fedosievskaya Church,
Perm
Perm Mosque and others.
Ordinsky is home to the Orda underwater caves. Located near Orda
village in
Perm
Perm region, Ural,
Orda Cave
Orda Cave is also the biggest underwater
gypsum crystal cave in the world.
References[edit]
^ Президент Российской
Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая
2000 г. «О полномочном представителе
Президента Российской Федерации в
федеральном округе». Вступил в
силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован:
"Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст.
2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian
Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the
Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian
Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
^ Госстандарт Российской
Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995
г. «Общероссийский классификатор
экономических регионов.
2. Экономические районы», в ред.
Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (
Gosstandart of the Russian
Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian
Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as
amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
^ Федеральный конституционный
закон №1-ФКЗ от 25 марта 2004 г
«Об образовании в составе Российской
Федерации нового субъекта Российской
Федерации в результате объединения
Пермской области и Коми-Пермяцкого
автономного округа», в ред.
федерального конституционного закона
№1-ФКЗ от 12 апреля 2006 г. (Federal Constitutional
Law #1-FKZ of March 25, 2004 On Establishment Within
the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian
Federation as a Result of the Merger of
Perm
Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak
Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Federal Constitutional
Law #1-FKZ of April 12, 2006. ).
^ Charter, Article 15.3
^ Charter, Article 15.4
^ Федеральная служба государственной
статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21).
"Территория, число районов, населённых
пунктов и сельских администраций по
субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory,
Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by
Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)".
Всероссийская перепись населения 2002
года (All-
Russia
Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal
State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
^ a b c d
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
"Всероссийская перепись населения 2010
года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census,
vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись
населения 2010 года (2010 All-
Russia
Russia Population
Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June
29, 2012.
^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported
by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note
that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the
infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the
population.
^ Правительство Российской
Федерации. Федеральный
закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об
исчислении времени», в ред.
Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03
июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в
Федеральный закон "Об исчислении
времени"». Вступил в силу по
истечении шестидесяти дней после дня
официального опубликования (6 августа
2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская
газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian
Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31,
2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ
of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating
Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the
official publication.).
^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to
Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
^ Полезные ископаемые Archived October 6, 2008, at
the Wayback Machine.
^
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004).
"Численность населения России,
субъектов Российской Федерации в
составе федеральных округов, районов,
городских поселений, сельских
населённых пунктов – районных
центров и сельских населённых пунктов
с населением 3 тысячи и более
человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal
Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural
Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with
Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская
перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia
Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9,
2014.
^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись
населения 1989 г. Численность
наличного населения союзных и
автономных республик, автономных
областей и округов, краёв, областей,
районов, городских поселений и
сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989:
Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous
Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and
Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
Всесоюзная перепись населения
1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian).
Институт демографии Национального
исследовательского университета:
Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at
the National Research University: Higher School of Economics].
Retrieved August 9, 2014.
^ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
^ Статья о башкирах на сайте РОО "Хомай"
Archived February 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
^ ТАТАРЫ. Энциклопедия «Пермский край»
Archived October 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
^ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm
^ http://www.regnum.ru/news/1114845.html
^
http://permstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/permstat/ru/statistics/population/
^ http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_50/Main.htm
^ http://dmr.perm.ru/?/katalog.dirx2x79x143.205*xls[permanent dead
link]
^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia".
Sreda, 2012.
^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012.
Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
Sources[edit]
Законодательное Собрание Пермского
края. №32-ПК 27 апреля 2007 г. «Устав
Пермского края». (Legislative Assembly of Perm
Krai. #32-PK April 27, 2007 Charter of
Perm
Perm Krai. ).
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