The Patriarchate of Lisbon ( la, Patriarchatus Olisiponensis) is a

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ecclesiastical territory or patriarchal archdiocese of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

in Lisbon, the capital of

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

. Its archiepiscopal see is the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major, in Lisbon. The patriarchate also has three

minor basilica In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a designation given by the Pope to a church building. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular ...

s: the Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs and Basilica of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Estrela, both in Lisbon; the Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony in

Mafra Mafra is a Czech media group that publishes printed and internet media, headquartered in Prague, Czech Republic. It is a subsidiary of Agrofert holding conglomerate owned by trust of Andrej Babiš, the former Prime Minister of the Czech Repu ...

; and two

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monasteries: the Monastery of the Hieronymites, in Lisbon, and the Monastery of Saint Mary of Alcobaça, in Alcobaça

Patriarchate today

The patriarchate pastorally served, as per 2014, 1,648,885 Catholics (86% of 1,924,650 total) on 3,735 km² in 285 parishes and 604 missions, with 543 priests (291 diocesan, 252 religious), 84 deacons, 1,505 lay religious (401 brothers, 1,104 sisters) and 54 seminarians.

History

The diocese of Lisbon was created in the 4th century, but it lay vacant after 716 when the city was captured by the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

, notwithstanding that there are references to Mozarabic bishops of the Mozarabic Rite in that period. The diocese was restored during the Second Crusade in 1147 when the city was captured by King

Afonso I of Portugal Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' ( Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French in ...

after the

siege of Lisbon The siege of Lisbon, from 1 July to 25 October 1147, was the military action that brought the city of Lisbon under definitive Portuguese control and expelled its Moorish overlords. The siege of Lisbon was one of the few Christian victories of ...

. A crusader's account of that event refers to the local "elderly Bishop of the city" being slain "against all right and justice", by marauding Flemish and German crusaders, in direct defiance of the terms of the city's rendition. As Portugal grew in political importance and colonial possessions the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Lisbon expanded; Stadel says in his ''Compendium geographiae ecclesiasticae universalis'' (1712) that

Coimbra Coimbra (, also , , or ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2011 census was 143,397, in an area of . The fourth-largest urban area in Portugal after Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, it is the largest cit ...

, Leiria, Portalegre,

Elvas Elvas () is a Portuguese municipality, former episcopal city and frontier fortress of easternmost central Portugal, located in the district of Portalegre in Alentejo. It is situated about east of Lisbon, and about west of the Spanish fortres ...

Funchal Funchal () is the largest city, the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it the sixth largest city in Portugal. Because of its high ...

, Angra, Congo, St. James of Cape Verde,

São Tomé São Tomé is the capital and largest city of the Central African island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for " Saint Thomas". Founded in the 15th century, it is one of Africa's oldest colonial cities. History Álvar ...

, and Baia of All Saints were suffragans of Lisbon. As a reward for its assistance against the

Turks Turk or Turks may refer to: Communities and ethnic groups * Turkic peoples, a collection of ethnic groups who speak Turkic languages * Turkish people, or the Turks, a Turkic ethnic group and nation * Turkish citizen, a citizen of the Republic ...

, Pope Clement XI in 1708 raised the Chapel of the Royal Palace to Collegiate rank and associated with it three parishes in the dioceses of Bragança and Lamego. Later, yielding to the request of King John V, he issued the Bull ''In Supremo Apostolatus Solio'' (22 October 1716) – known as the Golden Bull because the seal or ''bulla'' was affixed with gold instead of lead – giving the collegiate chapel cathedral rank, with metropolitical rights, and conferring on its titular the rank of patriarch. The city of Lisbon was ecclesiastically divided into Eastern and Western Lisbon. The former archbishop of Lisbon retained jurisdiction over Eastern Lisbon, and had as suffragan dioceses those of Guarda, Portalegre, St. James of Cape Verde, São Tomé, and São Salvador in Congo. Western Lisbon and metropolitan rights over Leiria,

Lamego Lamego (; cel-x-proto, Lamecum) is a city and municipality in the Viseu District, in the Norte Region of the Douro in northern Portugal. Located on the shores of the Balsemão River, the municipality has a population of 26,691, in an area of 165 ...

, Funchal and Angra, together with elaborate privileges and honours, were granted to the new patriarch and his successors. It was further agreed between pope and king that the patriarch of Lisbon should be made a cardinal at the first consistory following his appointment (''

Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii ''Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii'' () was a papal bull issued by Pope Clement XII, on 17 December 1737, establishing that whoever was appointed Patriarch of Lisbon was to be elevated to the rank of cardinal in the next consistory. Lisbon ...

'', 1737). The first patriarch of Lisbon was Tomás de Almeida (1670–1754), formerly bishop of Porto; he was raised to the cardinalate on 20 December 1737 by Pope Clement XII. There thus existed side by side in the city of Lisbon two metropolitical churches. To obviate the inconvenience of this arrangement

Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV ( la, Benedictus XIV; it, Benedetto XIV; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758. Pope Be ...

(13 December 1740) united East and West Lisbon into one single archdiocese under Patriarch Almeida, who ruled the see until his death in 1754. The double chapter however remained until 1843, when the old cathedral chapter was dissolved by

Pope Gregory XVI Pope Gregory XVI ( la, Gregorius XVI; it, Gregorio XVI; born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in 1 June 1846. He ...

. It was during the patriarchate of Cardinal Almeida (1746) that the famous Chapel of Saint John the Baptist was built in Rome (1742–1747) at the expense of King John V and consecrated by Pope Benedict XIV, and then transported to and reconstructed in the Church of St. Roch in Lisbon. Patriarch Almeida is buried in the chancel of that church. At what date the patriarchs of Lisbon began to quarter the tiara with three crowns, though without the keys, on their coat of arms is uncertain and there are no documents referring to the grant of such a privilege. By apostolic letters dated 30 September 1881 the metropolitan of Lisbon claims as suffragans the dioceses of

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, St. James of Cape Verde, São Tomé, Egitan, Portalegre, Angra, and

Privileges of the patriarchate

Throughout history, many privileges have been granted to the patriarchate of Lisbon and its patriarch by the Holy See. * Patriarch of Lisbon's right to cardinal dignity: ** Appointment as Cardinal in the

Consistory Consistory is the anglicized form of the consistorium, a council of the closest advisors of the Roman emperors. It can also refer to: *A papal consistory, a formal meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church * Consistor ...

following the installation to the patriarchal see; ** Right to wear cardinal garments even before he is created, such as cassock and purple coral robes, but unlike cardinals, the cap must have a tassel as is typical of bishops, all in purple; this privilege is shared with the

patriarch of Venice The Patriarch of Venice ( la, Patriarcha Venetiarum; it, Patriarca di Venezia) is the ordinary bishop of the Archdiocese of Venice. The bishop is one of the few patriarchs in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church (currently three other Latin ...

and the

archbishop of Salzburg The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg ( la, Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Austria. The archdiocese is one of two Austrian archdioceses, serving alongside the Archdiocese ...

; ** Right to wear the purple tassel of 30 tassels on the coat of arms even before being created cardinal; this privilege is shared with the archbishop of Salzburg, although in his case with 12 tassels as is typical of the archbishops. * Right to affix the papal Tiara to the patriarchate's and patriarch's coat of arms, an exclusive honour never granted to any other Catholic prelate; unlike the papal coat of arms instead of the keys of St. Peter, the patriarchal coat of arms has an archiepiscopal double cross and a decussed staff. Throughout history, the papal tiara has only been used on the coats of arms of two prelates, the pope and the patriarch of Lisbon. In liturgical acts, the patriarchs of Lisbon also wore the unique and precious miter-tiara, with three levels, in honour of the privilege granted. Te-Deum celebrado no Dia de São Vicente, Sé Patriarcal de Lisboa 1965-01-22 (cropped)

Te-Deum celebrado no Dia de São Vicente, Sé Patriarcal de Lisboa 1965-01-22 (cropped)

* Concession of the use of some insignia and vestments exclusive to the Roman pontiff in Masses and pontifical processions chaired by the patriarch of Lisbon: ** the right to use ''

sedia gestatoria The ''sedia gestatoria'' (, literally 'chair for carrying') or gestatorial chair is a ceremonial throne on which popes were carried on shoulders until 1978, which was later replaced outdoors in part with the popemobile. It consists of a richly a ...

'' carried by 8 men, different from the pontifical ''sedia gestatoria'' carried by 12 men; ** the right to use flabels, with the pope offering 2 of his 4 flabels; ** right to use a pontifical falda; ** right to use pontifical fanon; * Right to anoint the

kings of Portugal This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution. Through the nea ...

at the time of their acclamation, a privilege previously exercised by the archbishop primate of Braga. * Right to have a Patriarchal Curia (similar but smaller than the Roman Curia). * Right to have a Patriarchal Chapter divided into 3 orders in the likeness of the

College of Cardinals The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. its current membership is , of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are app ...

, with the Canons of the 1st order having the right to use a miter, that is, being a ''Capido Mitrado''. * Right to a Guard of Honor similar to the extinct Pontifical Noble Guard. These privileges were granted by Popes Clement XI,

Innocent XIII Pope Innocent XIII ( la, Innocentius XIII; it, Innocenzo XIII; 13 May 1655 – 7 March 1724), born as Michelangelo dei Conti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 May 1721 to his death in March 1724. He is ...

, Benedict XIII and

Clement XII Pope Clement XII ( la, Clemens XII; it, Clemente XII; 7 April 16526 February 1740), born Lorenzo Corsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1730 to his death in February 1740. Clement presided over the ...

. However, some have fallen into disuse over the centuries.

Ordinaries

Lisbon, being one of the oldest cities in Iberia, has had a rich ecclesiastical history, in which the ordinaries of Lisbon have held different titles, partially depending on the country/city's rulers and their political/colonial power.

Suffragan bishops of Olisipo

# Saint Mantius (36) legendary # Filipe Filoteu (92) legendary # Pedro (I) (166) legendary # Pedro (II) (213) legendary # Jorge (260) legendary # Pedro (III) (297) legendary # Saint Gens of Lisbon (?) legendary # Januário (300), legendary # São Potâmio (c. 356) # António (373) # Neobrídio (430) # Júlio (461) # Azulano (?) # João (500) # Éolo (536) # Nestoriano (578) # Paulo (589) # Goma or Gomarelo (610, 614) # Viarico, Ubalico or Dialico (633, 636, 638) # Nefrígio, Nefredo or Neofrídio (646) # Cesário or César (656) # Teodorico (666) # Ara (683) # Landerico (688, 693) # Ildefonso (?) After the Muslim invasion of Lisbon in 716, the see was

vacant Within the context of building construction and building codes, "occupancy" refers to the use, or intended use, of a building, or portion of a building, for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property. A closely related meaning is t ...

. The diocese was revitalized with the

Siege of Lisbon The siege of Lisbon, from 1 July to 25 October 1147, was the military action that brought the city of Lisbon under definitive Portuguese control and expelled its Moorish overlords. The siege of Lisbon was one of the few Christian victories of ...

in 1147, when the city was once again in Christian hands.

Suffragan bishops of Lisbon

Gilbert of Hastings __NOTOC__ Gilbert of Hastings ( pt, Gilberto de Hastings; died 1166) was an English monk in the Christian army of the Second Crusade who fought in the Siege of Lisbon. After the victory, he was chosen to be the first Bishop of Lisbon. Prior to ...

(1147-1166) # Álvaro (bishop) (1166-1185) # (1185-1210) # Soeiro (II) Viegas (1210-1232) #Vicente (1232) #Paio Pais (1232-1233) #João (I) Falberto (1233) #Estêvão (I) Gomes (1234-1237) #João (II) (1239-1241) #Ricardo Guilherme (1241) #Aires Vasques (1241-1258) #Mateus (1259-1282) #Estêvão (II) Anes de Vasconcelos (1284-1289) #Domingos Anes Jardo (1289-1293) #João (III) Martins de Soalhães (1294-1312) #Frei Estêvão (III), O.F.M. (1312-1322) # Gonçalo Pereira (1322-1326) #João (IV) Afonso de Brito (1326-1341) #Vasco (I) Martins (1342-1344) #Estêvão (IV) de la Garde (1344-1348) #Teobaldo de Castillon (1348-1356) #Reginaldo de Maubernard (1356-1358) #Lourenço Rodrigues (1359-1364) #Pedro Gomes Barroso, o Jovem (1364-1369) #Fernando Álvares (1369-1371) #Vasco (II) Fernandes de Toledo (1371) #Agapito Colona (1371-1380), 1378 Cardinal #João (V) de Agoult (1380-1381) - named bishop of Lisbon by

pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI ( la, Urbanus VI; it, Urbano VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death in October 1389. He was the most recent pope to be elected from outside the ...

(pope in Rome) #Martinho de Zamora (1380-1383) - named bishop of Lisbon (and Cardinal in 1383) by

Antipope Clement VII Robert of Geneva, (french: Robert de Genève; 1342 – 16 September 1394) elected to the papacy as Clement VII (french: Clément VII) by the cardinals who opposed Pope Urban VI, was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election le ...

(pope in Avignon) #João (VI) Guterres (1381-1382) - named bishop of Lisbon by

(pope in Rome) #João (VII) Anes (c. 1383-1394)

Metropolitan archbishops of Lisbon

#João (I) Anes (1394-1402) #João (II) Afonso Esteves da Azambuja (1402-1415) #Diogo Álvares de Brito (1415-1422) #Pedro de Noronha (1424-1452) #Luís Coutinho (1452-1453) #Cardeal D.

Jaime de Portugal James of Portugal (17 September 1433 – 27 August 1459), also known as James of Coimbra, James of Lusitania, was a Portuguese '' infante'' (prince) of the House of Aviz, and a bishop and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. James was the 3rd ...

(1453-1459) #Afonso (I) Nogueira (1459-1464) #Cardeal D. Jorge da Costa (1464-1500) #Martinho da Costa (1500-1521) # Cardinal-Infante D. Afonso (II) de Portugal (1523-1540) #Fernando de Meneses Coutinho e Vasconcelos (1540-1564) # Cardinal Infante D. Henrique de Portugal (1564-1570) #Jorge de Almeida (1570-1585) #

Miguel de Castro D. Miguel de Castro (1536-1625) was Bishop of Viseu in 1579, Archbishop of Lisbon in 1586, and later Viceroy of Portugal. He received his doctorate in Theology at Coimbra Coimbra (, also , , or ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. Th ...

(1586-1625) # Afonso (III) Furtado de Mendonça (1626-1630) # João (III) Manuel de Ataíde (1633) # Rodrigo da Cunha (1635-1643) # António de Mendonça (1670-1675) #Cardinal D. Luís de Sousa (1675-1702) # João (IV) de Sousa (1703-1710)

Latin patriarchs of Lisbon

#Cardinal

Tomás de Almeida Tomás de Almeida (Lisbon, 11 September 1670 - Lisbon, 27 February 1754) was the first Patriarchate of Lisbon, Patriarch of Lisbon, formerly Roman Catholic Diocese of Lamego, Bishop of Lamego and later of Roman Catholic Diocese of Porto, Porto. ...

(1716–1754) #Cardinal José (I) Manoel da Câmara (1754–1758) #Cardinal Francisco (I) de Saldanha da Gama (1758–1776) #Cardinal Fernando de Sousa da Silva (1779–1786) #Cardinal José (II) Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça (1786–1818) #Cardinal Carlos da Cunha e Menezes (1819–1825) #Cardinal Patrício da Silva (1826–1840) #Cardinal Francisco (II) de São Luís (Francisco Justiniano) Saraiva (1840–1845) #Cardinal Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho (1845–1857) #Cardinal Manuel (I) Bento Rodrigues da Silva (1858–1869) #Cardinal Inácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso (1871–1883) #Cardinal José (III) Sebastião de Almeida Neto (1883–1907) #Cardinal António (I) Mendes Belo (1907–1929) #Cardinal Manuel (II) Gonçalves Cerejeira (1929–1971) #Cardinal António (II) Ribeiro (1971–1998) #Cardinal José (IV) da Cruz Policarpo (1998–2013) #Cardinal Manuel (III) José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (2013–)

Ecclesiastical province

The suffragan sees of the archdiocese are: *

Diocese of Angra The Roman Catholic diocese of Angra ( pt, Diocese de Angra, la, Dioecesis Angrensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese comprising the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The see is located in Angra do Heroísmo, in the Terceira island. The current Or ...

(the

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

) * Diocese of Funchal (on Madeira) * Diocese of Guarda * Diocese of Leiria-Fátima *

Diocese of Portalegre-Castelo Branco The Roman Catholic Diocese of Portalegre–Castelo Branco ( la, Dioecesis Portalegrensis–Castri Albi) has carried this name since 1956, when the historical diocese of Portalegre was renamed. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Lisbon. Histo ...

* Diocese of Santarém * Diocese of Setúbal.

References

Sources and external links

GCatholic.org, with Google map – data for all sections

at catholic-hierarchy.org
Official website
(in Portuguese) * * Westermann, ''Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Lisbon, Latin Patriarchate

Patriarchate Patriarchate ( grc, πατριαρχεῖον, ''patriarcheîon'') is an ecclesiological term in Christianity, designating the office and jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical patriarch. According to Christian tradition three patriarchates were est ...

Latin patriarchates Roman Catholic dioceses in Portugal *