DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, also known as RPB1, is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2A''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...

Function

This gene encodes the largest subunit of

RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryoti ...

, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing

messenger RNA In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. mRNA is created during the p ...

eukaryote Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacte ...

s. The product of this gene contains a carboxy terminal domain composed of heptapeptide repeats that are essential for

polymerase A polymerase is an enzyme ( EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base- ...

activity. These repeats contain serine and threonine residues that are phosphorylated in actively transcribing

RNA polymerase In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. Using the enzyme helicase, RNAP locally opens the ...

. In addition, this subunit, in combination with several other polymerase subunits, forms the DNA-binding domain of the polymerase, a groove in which the DNA template is transcribed into RNA.

Interactions

POLR2A has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...

with: *

BRCA1 Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRCA1'' () gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate species, whereas invertebrate genomes may encode a more distantly related gene. ''BRCA1'' is a h ...

, *

CREBBP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Response Element Binding protein Binding Protein (CREB-binding protein), also known as CREBBP or CBP or KAT3A, is a coactivator encoded by the ''CREBBP'' gene in humans, located on chromosome 16p13.3. CBP has intri ...

, *

CTDP1 RNA polymerase II subunit A C-terminal domain phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CTDP1'' gene. This gene encodes a protein which interacts with the carboxy-terminus of transcription initiation factor TFIIF, a transcription ...

, *

CDK8 Cell division protein kinase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDK8'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK8 and cyclin C associate with the mediato ...

, *

GTF2B Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) and aids in stimulating transcription initiation. TFIIB is localised to the nucleus and pro ...

, *

GTF2F1 General transcription factor IIF subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GTF2F1'' gene. Interactions GTF2F1 has been shown to interact with: * CTDP1, * GTF2H4, * HNRPU, * MED21, * POLR2A, * Serum response factor * T ...

, *

GTF2H4 General transcription factor IIH subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GTF2H4'' gene. Interactions GTF2H4 has been shown to interact with: * GTF2F1, * MED21, * POLR2A, * TATA binding protein, * Transcription Factor I ...

, *

MED21 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MED21'' gene. Interactions MED21 has been shown to interact with: * BRCA1, * CDK8, * GTF2F1, * GTF2H4, * MED6, and * POLR2A DNA-directed ...

, *

MED26 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 26 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MED26'' gene. It forms part of the Mediator complex. The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factor ...

, *

PCAF P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), also known as K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B), is a human gene and transcriptional coactivator associated with p53. Structure Several domains of PCAF can act independently or in unison to enable its funct ...

, *

POLR2C DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2C'' gene. Function This gene encodes the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in ...

, *

POLR2E DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2E'' gene. This gene encodes the fifth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA ...

, *

POLR2H DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2H'' gene. This gene encodes one of the essential subunits of RNA polymerase II that is shared by the other two eukaryotic DNA-directed ...

, *

POLR2L DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2L'' gene. Function This gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in e ...

, *

PQBP1 Polyglutamine-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PQBP1'' gene. Polyglutamine binding protein-1, which was identified as a binding protein to the polyglutamine tract sequence, is an evolutionally conserved p ...

, *

SMARCA2 Probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMARCA2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is highly similar to the brahma protein o ...

, *

SMARCA4 Transcription activator BRG1 also known as ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SMARCA4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMARCA4'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and i ...

SMARCB1 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMARCB1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that relieves repressiv ...

, *

SMYD3 SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of Zeste, Trithorax) and MYND (myeloid-Nervy-DEAF-1) domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMYD3'' gene. Function SMYD3 is a lysine methyltransferase which specific ...

, *

SND1 Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 also known as 100 kDa coactivator or Tudor domain-containing protein 11 (TDRD11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SND1'' gene. SND1 is a main component of RISC complex and plays a ...

, * SUPT5H, *

TAF11 Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 11 also known as TAFII28, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TAF11'' gene. Function Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptid ...

, * TBP, *

TCEA1 Transcription elongation factor A protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TCEA1'' gene. In other organisms, this gene is better known as transcription elongation factor II S (TFIIS). It mainly helps to resolve backtracked elonga ...

, * TCERG1, and *

ZNF74 Zinc finger protein 74 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ZNF74'' gene. Schizophrenia susceptibility has been associated with a mutation in this protein. Interactions ZNF74 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed ...

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading