The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and a topical guide to the

history of the United States The history of the lands that became the United States began with the arrival of Settlement of the Americas, the first people in the Americas around 15,000 BC. Native American cultures in the United States, Numerous indigenous cultures formed ...

By period

Prehistory of the United States The prehistory of the United States comprises the occurrences within regions now part of the United States during the interval of time spanning from the Earth, formation of the Earth to the documentation of local history in Writing system, written ...

History of the United States The history of the lands that became the United States began with the arrival of Settlement of the Americas, the first people in the Americas around 15,000 BC. Native American cultures in the United States, Numerous indigenous cultures formed ...

Pre-Columbian era In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the Migration to the New World, original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization of the Americas, European colonization, w ...

Colonial history of the United States The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of North America from the early 17th century until the incorporation of the Thirteen Colonies into the United States after the Revolutionary War. In the ...

** 1776–1789 ** 1789–1849 ** 1849–1865 ** 1865–1918 ** 1918–1945 ** 1945–1964 ** 1964–1980 ** 1980–1991 ** 1991–2008 ** 2008–present

Named eras and periods

These multi-year periods are commonly identified in American history. The existence and dating of some of these periods is debated by historians. *

Plantation era In the history of the Southern United States, the Antebellum Period (from la, ante bellum, lit= before the war) spanned the end of the War of 1812 to the start of the American Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum South was characterized by the ...

(c. 1700–c. 1860) *

First Great Awakening The First Great Awakening (sometimes Great Awakening) or the Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its thirteen North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement permanently affecte ...

(1730s–1740s) *

American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolut ...

(1775–1783) *

Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. R ...

(c. 1800–c. 1840) *

First-wave feminism First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on securing women's right to vote. The term is often used s ...

(19th century–early 20th century) *

Manifest Destiny Manifest destiny was a cultural belief in the 19th century in the United States, 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. There were three basic tenets to the concept: * The special vir ...

(c. 1812–c. 1860) *

Era of Good Feelings The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. The era saw the collapse of the Fed ...

(c. 1817–c. 1825) *

Jacksonian Era Jacksonian democracy was a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions. Originating with the seventh U.S. president, Andr ...

(c. 1820–c. 1845) * The Slave Power (c. 1840–c. 1875) *

California Gold Rush The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California fro ...

(1848–1855) *

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...

(1861–1865) *

Reconstruction era The Reconstruction era was a period in American history following the American Civil War (1861–1865) and lasting until approximately the Compromise of 1877. During Reconstruction, attempts were made to rebuild the country after the bloo ...

(c. 1865–1877) *

Gilded Age In United States history, the Gilded Age was an era extending roughly from 1877 to 1900, which was sandwiched between the Reconstruction era and the Progressive Era. It was a time of rapid economic growth, especially in the Northern and Weste ...

(1869–c. 1896) *

Jim Crow era The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Other areas of the United States were affected by formal and informal policies of segregation as well, but many states outside the Sout ...

(1876–1965) *

Gay Nineties The Gay Nineties is an American nostalgic term and a periodization of the history of the United States referring to the decade of the 1890s. It is known in the United Kingdom as the Naughty Nineties, and refers there to the decade of supposedly ...

(1890s) *

Nadir of American race relations The nadir of American race relations was the period in African American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century when racism in the country, especially racism against A ...

(c. 1890–1940) *

Progressive Era The Progressive Era (late 1890s – late 1910s) was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States focused on defeating corruption, monopoly, waste and inefficiency. The main themes ended during Am ...

(1890s–1920s) *

Lochner era The ''Lochner'' era is a period in American legal history from 1897 to 1937 in which the Supreme Court of the United States is said to have made it a common practice "to strike down economic regulations adopted by a State based on the Court's o ...

(c. 1897–c. 1937) *

American Century The American Century is a characterization of the period since the middle of the 20th century as being largely dominated by the United States in political, economic, and cultural terms. It is comparable to the description of the period 1815–19 ...

(20th century) * Great Migration (c. 1910–c. 1940) *

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

(c. 1914-c.1918) *

First Red Scare The First Red Scare was a period during History of the United States (1918–1945), the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Far-left politics, far-left movements, including Bolshevik, Bolshevism and ...

(1917–1920) *

Prohibition in the United States In the United States from 1920 to 1933, a Constitution of the United States, nationwide constitutional law prohibition, prohibited the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. The alcohol industry was curtai ...

(1919–1933) *

Roaring Twenties The Roaring Twenties, sometimes stylized as Roaring '20s, refers to the 1920s decade in music and fashion, as it happened in Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the U ...

(1920s) * Jazz Age (1920s) *

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

(1929–1939) *

Dust Bowl The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s. The phenomenon was caused by a combination of both natural factors (severe drought) an ...

(1930–1936) *

New Deal The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs agencies included the Civilian Cons ...

era (1933–1938) *

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

(1939-1945) *

Second Great Migration In the context of the 20th-century history of the United States, the Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the Northeast, Midwest and West. It began in 1940, through World War II, and ...

(c. 1941–c. 1970) *

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

(1947–1991) *

Second Red Scare McCarthyism is the practice of making false or unfounded accusations of subversion and treason, especially when related to anarchism, communism and socialism, and especially when done in a public and attention-grabbing manner. The term origina ...

(1947–1957) *

Civil rights era The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement throughout the United S ...

(1954–1968) *

Space Race The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the ballistic missile-based nuclear arms race between the tw ...

(1957–1975) *

Second-wave feminism Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades. It took place throughout the Western world, and aimed to increase equality for women by building on previous feminist gains. Wh ...

(1960s–1970s) *

New Great Migration The New Great Migration is the demographic change from 1970 to the present, which is a reversal of the previous 60-year trend of black migration within the United States. Since 1970, deindustrialization of cities in the Northeastern and Mid ...

(1965–present) *

Détente Détente (, French: "relaxation") is the relaxation of strained relations, especially political ones, through verbal communication. The term, in diplomacy, originates from around 1912, when France and Germany tried unsuccessfully to reduc ...

(c. 1969–1979) *

1970s energy crisis The 1970s energy crisis occurred when the Western world, particularly the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, faced substantial petroleum shortages as well as elevated prices. The two worst crises of this period wer ...

(1973–1980) * Reagan Era (1980–1994) *

Neoconservatism Neoconservatism is a political movement that began in the United States during the 1960s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the increasingly pacifist foreign policy of the Democratic Party and with the growing New Left and ...

(1980s and 90s) *

Dot-com bubble The dot-com bubble (dot-com boom, tech bubble, or the Internet bubble) was a stock market bubble in the late 1990s, a period of massive growth in the use and adoption of the Internet. Between 1995 and its peak in March 2000, the Nasdaq Compo ...

(c. 1995–2000) *

United States housing bubble The 2000s United States housing bubble was a real-estate bubble affecting over half of the U.S. states. It was the impetus for the subprime mortgage crisis. Housing prices peaked in early 2006, started to decline in 2006 and 2007, and reac ...

(c. 2001–c. 2005) *

War on Terror The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is an ongoing international Counterterrorism, counterterrorism military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks. The main targets of the campa ...

(2001–present) * ;Political parties These periods are commonly identified as the large changes within political parties. Newer Party Systems are typically disputed by experts and historians due to the complexity of changes in political parties. *

First Party System The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for ...

(c. 1788–c. 1824) *

Second Party System Historians and political scientists use Second Party System to periodize the political party system operating in the United States from about 1828 to 1852, after the First Party System ended. The system was characterized by rapidly rising levels ...

(c. 1828–c. 1854) *

Third Party System In the terminology of historians and political scientists, the Third Party System was a period in the history of political parties in the United States from the 1850s until the 1890s, which featured profound developments in issues of American na ...

(c. 1854–c. 1894) *

Fourth Party System The Fourth Party System is the term used in political science and history for the period in American political history from about 1896 to 1932 that was dominated by the Republican Party, except the 1912 split in which Democrats captured the Whit ...

(c. 1896–c. 1930) *

Fifth Party System The Fifth Party System is the era of American national politics that began with the New Deal in 1932 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This era of Democratic Party-dominance emerged from the realignment of the voting blocs and interest gro ...

(c. 1932–c. 1976) *

Sixth Party System The Sixth Party System is the era in United States politics following the Fifth Party System. As with any periodization, opinions differ on when the Sixth Party System may have begun, with suggested dates ranging from the late 1960s to the Repub ...

(c. 1980–present) ;Wars See

List of wars involving the United States This is a list of wars and rebellions involving the United States of America. Currently, there are 107 wars on this list, 3 of which are ongoing. : : : : 18th-century wars 19th-century wars 20th-century wars 21st-century wars ...

Timelines and lists

* Timeline of pre–United States history *

Timeline of United States history (1790–1819) This section of the Timeline of United States history concerns events from 1790 to 1819. 1790s Presidency of George Washington *1790 – Rhode Island ratifies the United States Constitution, Constitution and becomes 13th state *1791 – The ...

Timeline of United States history (1820–1859) This section of the Timeline of United States history concerns events from 1820 to 1859. 1820s Presidency of James Monroe *1820 – Massachusetts divided in two with the admission of Maine as a state. *1820 – U.S. presidential election, 1820: ...

Timeline of United States history (1860–1899) This section of the Timeline of United States history concerns events from 1860 to 1899. 1860s Presidency of James Buchanan *April 3, 1860 – Pony Express begins. *November 6 – 1860 United States presidential election: Abraham Lincoln e ...

* Timeline of United States history (1900–1929) * Timeline of United States history (1930–1949) *

Timeline of United States history (1950–1969) This section of the Timeline of United States history concerns events from 1950 to 1969. 1950s Presidency of Harry S. Truman *1950 – Senator Joseph McCarthy gains power, and McCarthyism (1950–1954) begins *1950 – McCarran Internal Secur ...

Timeline of United States history (1970–1989) This section of the Timeline of United States history concerns events from 1970 to 1989. 1970s Presidency of Richard M. Nixon *1970 – The first Earth Day is observed. *1970 – Kent State and Jackson State shootings occur during student pr ...

* Timeline of United States history (1990–2009) *

Timeline of United States history (2010–present) This section of the Timeline of United States history includes major events from 2010 to the present. 2010s Presidency of Barack Obama *2010 – The ''Deepwater Horizon'' oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon explosion, explodes, sp ...

* Years in the United States

15th century

= 1490s

= * On October 12, 1492, three Spanish ships under the command of ''Cristoforo Colombo'' (

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus * lij, Cristoffa C(or)ombo * es, link=no, Cristóbal Colón * pt, Cristóvão Colombo * ca, Cristòfor (or ) * la, Christophorus Columbus. (; born between 25 August and 31 October 1451, died 20 May 1506) was a ...

) landed on the Lucayan island of ''

Guanahani Guanahaní is an island in the Bahamas that was the first land in the New World sighted and visited by Christopher Columbus' first voyage, on 12 October 1492. It is a bean-shaped island that Columbus changed from its native Taíno name to San Sa ...

'' which he names ''San Salvador'' (The Savior). * On November 14, 1493, a Spanish fleet under the command of Columbus lands on a large inhabited island which he names '' Santa Cruz'' (Holy Cross, now Saint Croix). Columbus then visits and names '' San Tomas'' (Saint Thomas) and ''

San Juan San Juan, Spanish for Saint John, may refer to: Places Argentina * San Juan Province, Argentina * San Juan, Argentina, the capital of that province * San Juan, Salta, a village in Iruya, Salta Province * San Juan (Buenos Aires Underground), ...

'' (Saint John). Columbus names the archipelago '' Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Vírgenes'' (Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgins, now the

Virgin Islands The Virgin Islands ( es, Islas Vírgenes) are an archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. They are geologically and biogeographically the easternmost part of the Greater Antilles, the northern islands belonging to the Puerto Rico Trench and St. Croix ...

). * On November 19, 1493, Columbus lands on the large

Taíno The Taíno were a historic Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, indigenous people of the Caribbean whose culture has been continued today by Taíno descendant communities and Taíno revivalist communities. At the time of European contact in the ...

island of Borikén which he names '' San Juan Bautista'' (

Saint John the Baptist John the Baptist or , , or , ;Wetterau, Bruce. ''World history''. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 1994. syc, ܝܘܿܚܲܢܵܢ ܡܲܥܡܕ݂ܵܢܵܐ, Yoḥanān Maʿmḏānā; he, יוחנן המטביל, Yohanān HaMatbil; la, Ioannes Bapti ...

, now

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...

and part of the United States).

16th century

= 1500s

= * On August 8, 1508, Spanish

conquistador Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (, ; meaning 'conquerors') were the explorer-soldiers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires of the 15th and 16th centuries. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, O ...

Juan Ponce de León Juan Ponce de León (, , , ; 1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and '' conquistador'' known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and for serving as the first governor of Puerto Rico. He was born in Santervá ...

establishes Capárra, the first European settlement on the island of ''San Juan Bautista'' in Puerto Rico.

= 1510s

= * On

Easter Sunday Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the ''Book of Common Prayer''; "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, Volume 4'') and Samuel Pepys''The Diary of Samuel ...

, April 2, 1513, a Spanish expedition led by

lands on a huge inhabited island (later determined to be a continental peninsula) which he names '' La Pascua Florida'' (the Feast of Flowers, now

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

= 1520s

= * On March 6, 1521, three Spanish ships under the command of ''Fernão de Magalhães'' (

Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; pt, Fernão de Magalhães, ; es, link=no, Fernando de Magallanes, ; 4 February 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He is best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the East ...

) land on the Island of Guam after a seemingly endless eleven week voyage across the Pacific Ocean. Magellan names the archipelago '' Las Isles de las Velas Latinas'' (The Islands of the Latine Sails). When the Spaniards refuse to pay for supplies, natives take iron from the ships. Magellan renames the archipelago '' Las Islas de los Ladrones'' (The Islands of the Thieves).

= 1540s

= * A Spanish expedition led by

Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo ( pt, João Rodrigues Cabrilho; c. 1499 – January 3, 1543) was an Iberian maritime explorer best known for investigations of the West Coast of North America, undertaken on behalf of the Spanish Empire. He was the firs ...

lands at a bay of the Pacific Ocean which he names '' San Miguel'' (

Saint Michael Michael (; he, מִיכָאֵל, lit=Who is like El od, translit=Mīḵāʾēl; el, Μιχαήλ, translit=Mikhaḗl; la, Michahel; ar, ميخائيل ، مِيكَالَ ، ميكائيل, translit=Mīkāʾīl, Mīkāl, Mīkhāʾīl), also ...

, now

San Diego, California San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States ...

) on September 28, 1542.

= 1550s

= * A Spanish expedition led by

Tristán de Luna y Arellano Tristán de Luna y Arellano (1510 – September 16, 1573) was a Spanish explorer and Conquistador of the 16th century.Herbert Ingram Priestley, Tristan de Luna: Conquistador of the Old South: A Study of Spanish Imperial Strategy (1936). http://palm ...

establishes a colony at '' Santa Maria de Ochuse'' (

Pensacola, Florida Pensacola () is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, and the county seat and only incorporated city of Escambia County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 54,312. Pensacola is the principal ...

) on August 15, 1559. ** A hurricane destroys most of the Ochuse colony five weeks later on September 19, 1559.

= 1560s

= *

Jean Ribault Jean Ribault (also spelled ''Ribaut'') (1520 – October 12, 1565) was a French naval officer, navigator, and a colonizer of what would become the southeastern United States. He was a major figure in the French attempts to colonize Florida. A H ...

explores the Atlantic coast of

for France in 1562. *

French Huguenots The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss politica ...

led by

René Goulaine de Laudonnière Rene Goulaine de Laudonnière (c. 1529–1574) was a French Huguenot explorer and the founder of the French colony of Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, a Huguenot, sent Jean Ribault and Laudonnière ...

establish Fort de la Caroline on June 22, 1564 * Spanish Governor

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (; ast, Pedro (Menéndez) d'Avilés; 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral, explorer and conquistador from Avilés, in Asturias, Spain. He is notable for planning the first regular trans-oceani ...

establishes a colony about 10 leagues (56 kilometers or 35 miles) farther south at ''San Agustín'' (

St. Augustine, Florida St. Augustine ( ; es, San Agustín ) is a city in the Southeastern United States and the county seat of St. Johns County on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers, it is the oldest continuously inhabit ...

) on September 8, 1565 * Spanish Governor

captures ''Fort de la Caroline'' on September 20, 1565 ** Governor Menéndez orders the execution of 140 Huguenots from ''Fort de la Caroline'' and orders fort rebuilt as '' Fuerte San Mateo'' on September 29, 1565 ** Governor Menéndez orders the execution of Jean Ribault and 350 shipwrecked Huguenots on October 12, 1565 * French raiders led by

Dominique de Gourgues Dominique (or Domingue) de Gourgues (1530–1593) was a French nobleman and soldier. He is best known for leading an attack against Spanish Florida in 1568, in response to the destruction of the French Fort Caroline. He was a captain in King Char ...

destroy ''Fuerte San Mateo'' and murder all its defenders on April 27–28, 1567

= 1570s

= * Spanish Jesuit priests establish '' Mission Santa Maria'' on '' Ajacán'' (the

Virginia Peninsula The Virginia Peninsula is a peninsula in southeast Virginia, USA, bounded by the York River, James River, Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay. It is sometimes known as the ''Lower Peninsula'' to distinguish it from two other peninsulas to the ...

) on September 10, 1570 – 1572

= 1580s

= * Spain,

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

, and the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

adopt the new

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

on October 15, 1582 (

New Style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...

) * English establish

Roanoke Colony The establishment of the Roanoke Colony ( ) was an attempt by Sir Walter Raleigh to found the first permanent English settlement in North America. The English, led by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, had briefly claimed St. John's, Newfoundland, in 15 ...

Roanoke Island Roanoke Island () is an island in Dare County, North Carolina, Dare County, bordered by the Outer Banks of North Carolina, United States. It was named after the historical Roanoke (tribe), Roanoke, a Carolina Algonquian people who inhabited the ar ...

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

(now

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...

) in July 1585

= 1590s

= * On August 18, 1590, a resupply party finds the Roanoke Colony dismantled and deserted. The fate of the settlers remains a mystery. * Spanish Governor Juan de Oñate Salazar founds the colony of ''

Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring children gifts during the late evening and overnight ...

'' (

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...

) at ''

San Juan de los Caballeros Ohkay Owingeh (Tewa: Ohkwee Ówîngeh ), known by its Spanish name as San Juan de los Caballeros from 1589 to 2005, is a pueblo and census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Ohkay Owingeh is also a federally recognized tribe ...

'' on July 11, 1598

17th century

= 1600s

= * French establish the colony of ''

l'Acadie Acadia (french: link=no, Acadie) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River. During much of the 17th and early 18t ...

'' (

Acadia Acadia (french: link=no, Acadie) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River. During much of the 17th and early ...

) on '' Île Sainte-Croix'' (

Saint Croix Island, Maine Saint Croix Island (french: Île Sainte-Croix), long known to locals as Dochet Island, is a small uninhabited island in Maine near the mouth of the Saint Croix River that forms part of the Canada–United States border separating Maine from New ...

), June 1604 – 1605 * English establish the

Virginia Colony The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colonial empire, English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertG ...

Jamestown Island Jamestown Island is a island in the James River in Virginia, part of James City County. It is located off Glasshouse Point, to which it is connected via a causeway to the Colonial Parkway. Much of the island is wetland, including both swamp and ...

on May 14, 1607 * English establish the

Popham Colony The Popham Colony—also known as the Sagadahoc Colony—was a short-lived English colonial settlement in North America. It was established in 1607 by the proprietary Plymouth Company and was located in the present-day town of Phippsburg, Ma ...

along the

Kennebec River The Kennebec River (Abenaki language, Abenaki: ''Kinəpékʷihtəkʷ'') is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map , accessed June 30, 2011 river within the U.S. state of Maine. It ri ...

(

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...

) on August 13, 1607 – August 1607 *

First Anglo-Powhatan War The AngloPowhatan Wars were three wars fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth century. The first war started in 1609 and ended in a peace settlement in 1614. The ...

, 1609–1613

= 1610s

= * Spanish Governor

Pedro de Peralta Pedro de Peralta (c. 1584 – 1666) was Governor of New Mexico between 1610 and 1613 at a time when it was a province of New Spain. He formally founded the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1610. In August 1613 he was arrested and jailed for almo ...

moves the capital of ''

'' (

) from ''

'' to ''

La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States. La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * La (musical note), or A, the sixth note * "L.A.", a song by Elliott Smith on ''Figure ...

'' ( Santa Fe) in 1610 * The first

slave ship Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast ...

arrives in

Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James (Powhatan) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was ...

in 1619

= 1620s

= * English

Puritans The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. P ...

establish the

Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony (sometimes Plimouth) was, from 1620 to 1691, the British America, first permanent English colony in New England and the second permanent English colony in North America, after the Jamestown Colony. It was first settled by the pa ...

on November 11, 1620 *

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

establish the province of ''Nieuw-Nederland'' (

New Netherland New Netherland ( nl, Nieuw Nederland; la, Novum Belgium or ) was a 17th-century colonial province of the Dutch Republic that was located on the East Coast of the United States, east coast of what is now the United States. The claimed territor ...

) along the

Hudson River The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York. It originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York and flows southward through the Hudson Valley to the New York Harbor between N ...

in May 1624 * English Puritans establish the Newe-England Colony on September 6, 1628 * King

Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until Execution of Charles I, his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of ...

grants the Newe-England Colony a royal charter as the Governour and Company of the Mattachusetts Bay in Newe-England on March 4, 1629

= 1630s

= * The Town of Boston is chartered and named capital of the

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the ...

, September 7, 1630 * English

Puritan The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic Church, Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become m ...

s establish the

Saybrook Colony The Saybrook Colony was an English colony established in late 1635 at the mouth of the Connecticut River in present-day Old Saybrook, Connecticut by John Winthrop, the Younger, son of John Winthrop, the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ...

along the

Connecticut River The Connecticut River is the longest river in the New England region of the United States, flowing roughly southward for through four states. It rises 300 yards (270 m) south of the U.S. border with Quebec, Canada, and discharges at Long Island ...

, 1635 * English

s establish the River Colony along the

, March 3, 1636 *

Roger Williams Roger Williams (21 September 1603between 27 January and 15 March 1683) was an English-born New England Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation ...

establishes the Colony of Providence, June 1636 *

Pequot War The Pequot War was an armed conflict that took place between 1636 and 1638 in New England between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the colonists from the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their allies from the Narragans ...

, July 20, 1636 – May 26, 1637 *

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

establish the colony of '' Nya Sverige'' (

New Sweden New Sweden ( sv, Nya Sverige) was a Swedish colony along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in what is now the United States from 1638 to 1655, established during the Thirty Years' War when Sweden was a great military power. New Sweden form ...

) along the

Delaware River The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock (village), New York, Hancock, New York, the river flows for along the borders of N ...

, March 29, 1638 * English establish the Newe-Haven Colony, April 14, 1638 *

Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson (née Marbury; July 1591 – August 1643) was a Puritan spiritual advisor, religious reformer, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. Her ...

establishes the first of the colonies of Rhode Island, 1638

= 1640s

= * King Charles II grants a charter for the Colony of Providence Plantations including the Colony of Providence and the colonies of Rhode Island, March 1644 *

Second Anglo-Powhatan War The AngloPowhatan Wars were three wars fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth century. The first war started in 1609 and ended in a peace settlement in 1614. The ...

, 1644–1646 * The

Connecticut Colony The ''Connecticut Colony'' or ''Colony of Connecticut'', originally known as the Connecticut River Colony or simply the River Colony, was an English colony in New England which later became Connecticut. It was organized on March 3, 1636 as a settl ...

annexes the

, 1644

= 1660s

= * King

Charles II of England Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651, and King of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest surviving child of ...

grants the River Colony a royal charter as the

Colony of Connecticut The ''Connecticut Colony'' or ''Colony of Connecticut'', originally known as the Connecticut River Colony or simply the River Colony, was an English colony in New England which later became Connecticut. It was organized on March 3, 1636 as a settl ...

, May 1662 * King

grants a royal charter for the

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was one of the original Thirteen Colonies established on the east coast of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It was founded by Roger Williams. It was an English colony from 1636 until ...

, 1663 * England seizes

from the Netherlands, August 27, 1664. England splits

into the

Province of New-York The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Colonies, New York (state), New York achieved independence and worked with the others ...

and the Province of New-Jersey. * The

annexes the New-Haven Colony, January 5, 1665 *

Second Anglo-Dutch War The Second Anglo-Dutch War or the Second Dutch War (4 March 1665 – 31 July 1667; nl, Tweede Engelse Oorlog "Second English War") was a conflict between Kingdom of England, England and the Dutch Republic partly for control over the seas a ...

, March 4, 1665 – July 31, 1667

= 1670s

= *

Third Anglo-Dutch War The Third Anglo-Dutch War ( nl, Derde Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog), 27 March 1672 to 19 February 1674, was a naval conflict between the Dutch Republic and England, in alliance with France. It is considered a subsidiary of the wider 1672 to 1678 ...

, April 7, 1672 – March 5, 1674 ** A Netherlands fleet under the command of Cornelis Evertsen de Jongste captures the

, August 1673. ** Netherlands military government of

, August 1673 – March 5, 1674 ** Treaty of Westminster, February 19, 1674 ** England regains control of the

, March 5, 1674 * The Province of New-Jersey is split into the

Province of East Jersey The Province of East Jersey, along with the Province of West Jersey, between 1674 and 1702 in accordance with the Quintipartite Deed, were two distinct political divisions of the Province of New Jersey, which became the U.S. state of New Jersey. ...

and the

Province of West Jersey West Jersey and East Jersey were two distinct parts of the Province of New Jersey. The political division existed for 28 years, between 1674 and 1702. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often ...

, March 18, 1673 *

King Philip's War King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1676 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England coloni ...

, June 8, 1675 – August 12, 1676

= 1680s

= *

Pueblo Revolt The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé's Rebellion or Popay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish empire, Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger than prese ...

, August 10, 1680 – September 14, 1692 **

Popé Popé or Po'pay (; c. 1630 – c. 1692) was a Tewa religious leader from Ohkay Owingeh (renamed San Juan Pueblo by the Spanish during the colonial period), who led the Pueblo Revolt in 1680 against Spanish colonial rule. In the first successful r ...

leads revolt of

Puebloan peoples The Puebloans or Pueblo peoples, are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material, and religious practices. Currently 100 pueblos are actively inhabited, among which Taos, San Ildefonso, Acoma, Zun ...

against Spanish rule,

European culture The culture of Europe is rooted in its art, architecture, film, different types of music, economics, literature, and philosophy. European culture is largely rooted in what is often referred to as its "common cultural heritage". Definition ...

, and

Christian religion Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global popul ...

, August 10, 1680 ** Spanish settlers flee Santa Fé for

El Paso del Norte EL, El or el may refer to: Religion * El (deity), a Semitic word for "God" People * EL (rapper) (born 1983), stage name of Elorm Adablah, a Ghanaian rapper and sound engineer * El DeBarge, music artist * El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American po ...

, August 21, 1680 ** New Spanish Governor Diego de Vargas Zapata y Luján Ponce de León y Contreras reconquers

, September 14, 1692 * King

grants

William Penn William Penn ( – ) was an English writer and religious thinker belonging to the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, a North American colony of England. He was an early advocate of democracy a ...

a charter for the

Province of Pennsylvania The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn after receiving a land grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania ("Penn's Woods") refers to W ...

, March 4, 1681 *

leases the three lower counties on the Delaware River (

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

) from

James, Duke of York James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...

, March 1682 *

writes the first

Frame of Government of Pennsylvania The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania was a proto-constitution for the Province of Pennsylvania, a proprietary colony granted to William Penn by Charles II of England. The Frame of Government has lasting historical importance as an important step ...

(including the three lower counties on the Delaware River), April 2, 1682 *

Dominion of New-England in America The Dominion of New England in America (1686–1689) was an administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for Delaware Colony and the Province of Pennsylvania). Its political structure represe ...

, June 3, 1686 – May 18, 1689 ** England creates the

to rule the

Colony of Massachusetts Bay The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the ...

, the Colony of New-Plymouth, the Province of New-Hampshire, the Province of Main, and the Narraganset Country or King's Province, June 3, 1686 ** England adds the

and the

to the Dominion of New England in America, September 9, 1686 ** England adds the

, the

, and the

to the

, May 7, 1688 ** The government of the

collapses, May 18, 1689. The

, the Colony of New-Plymouth, the Province of New-Hampshire, the Province of Main, the Narraganset Country or King's Province as the

, the

the

, the

, and the

resume their previous self-governance. *

King William's War King William's War (also known as the Second Indian War, Father Baudoin's War, Castin's War, or the First Intercolonial War in French) was the North American theater of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also known as the War of the Grand All ...

, 1689 – September 20, 1697 **

Treaty of Ryswick The Peace of Ryswick, or Rijswijk, was a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city of Rijswijk between 20 September and 30 October 1697. They ended the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance, which included England, ...

, September 20, 1697

= 1690s

= * English diarchs

William III William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings * William III of Sicily (c. 1186–c. 1198) * William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) * William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg ...

and

Mary II Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Mary was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, and his first wife ...

organize the

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the Thirteen Colonies, thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III of England, William III and Mary II ...

as a

crown colony A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony administered by The Crown within the British Empire. There was usually a Governor, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the UK Government, with or without the assistance of a local Counci ...

including the

, the New-Plymouth Colony,

Martha's Vineyard Martha's Vineyard, often simply called the Vineyard, is an island in the Northeastern United States, located south of Cape Cod in Dukes County, Massachusetts, known for being a popular, affluent summer colony. Martha's Vineyard includes the s ...

Nantucket Island Nantucket () is an island about south from Cape Cod. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined county/town government that is part of the U.S. state of Massachuse ...

, the

Province of Maine The Province of Maine refers to any of the various English colonies established in the 17th century along the northeast coast of North America, within portions of the present-day U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, and the Canadian ...

, and the English claims in

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...

, October 7, 1691 *

Governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

Francis Nicholson Lieutenant-General Francis Nicholson (12 November 1655 – ) was a British Army general and colonial official who served as the Governor of South Carolina from 1721 to 1725. He previously was the Governor of Nova Scotia from 1712 to 1715, the ...

moves the capital of the

Province of Maryland The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S. state of Maryland ...

from Saint Mary's City to Anne Arundel's Towne which he renames

Annapolis Annapolis ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Maryland and the county seat of, and only incorporated city in, Anne Arundel County. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east o ...

, 1694

18th century

= 1700s

* England reunites the

and the

as the Province of New-Jersey *

Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in North America involving the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Spain; it took place during the reign of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. In E ...

, 1702 – April 11, 1713 **

Treaty of Utrecht The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne o ...

, April 11, 1713 *

grants the three lower counties on the Delaware River their own

General Assembly A general assembly or general meeting is a meeting of all the members of an organization or shareholders of a company. Specific examples of general assembly include: Churches * General Assembly (presbyterian church), the highest court of presby ...

, making

a semi-autonomous region of the

, November 1704 – July 4, 1776 * The

Kingdom of England The Kingdom of England (, ) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 12 July 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. On 1 ...

and the

Kingdom of Scotland The Kingdom of Scotland (; , ) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a la ...

unite to become the

Kingdom of Great Britain The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a Sovereign state, sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of ...

on May 1, 1707.

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

's colonies become British colonies.

= 1710s

= *

Tuscarora War The Tuscarora War was fought in North Carolina from September 10, 1711 until February 11, 1715 between the Tuscarora people and their allies on one side and European American settlers, the Yamassee, and other allies on the other. This was cons ...

, 1711 – February 11, 1715 * France cedes ''

'' to England with the

, April 11, 1713 *

Yamasee War The Yamasee War (also spelled Yamassee or Yemassee) was a conflict fought in South Carolina from 1715 to 1717 between British settlers from the Province of Carolina and the Yamasee and a number of other allied Native American peoples, incl ...

, 1715–1717

= 1720s

= *

Dummer's War Dummer's War (1722–1725) is also known as Father Rale's War, Lovewell's War, Greylock's War, the Three Years War, the Wabanaki-New England War, or the Fourth Anglo-Abenaki War. It was a series of battles between the New England Colonies and the ...

, 1721–1725

= 1730s

= * King

George II of Great Britain , house = Hanover , religion = Protestant , father = George I of Great Britain , mother = Sophia Dorothea of Celle , birth_date = 30 October / 9 November 1683 , birth_place = Herrenhausen Palace,Cannon. or Leine ...

grants

James Oglethorpe James Edward Oglethorpe (22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785) was a British soldier, Member of Parliament, and philanthropist, as well as the founder of the colony of Georgia in what was then British America. As a social reformer, he hoped to re ...

a charter for the

Province of Georgia A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outs ...

, April 21, 1732 *

War of Jenkins' Ear The War of Jenkins' Ear, or , was a conflict lasting from 1739 to 1748 between Britain and the Spanish Empire. The majority of the fighting took place in New Granada and the Caribbean Sea, with major operations largely ended by 1742. It is con ...

, 1739–1748

= 1740s

= *

King George's War King George's War (1744–1748) is the name given to the military operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars. It took place primarily in t ...

, 1740 – October 18, 1748 ** Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, October 18, 1748

= 1750s

= * Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál San Ignacio de Tubac'' in ''

Sonora y Sinaloa Estado de Occidente ( en, Western State; also known as Sonora y Sinaloa) was a Mexican state established in 1824. The constitution was drafted in that year and the government was initially established with its capital at El Fuerte, Sinaloa. The f ...

'' (now

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

), June 2, 1752 * The

and the

British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...

adopt the

, September 14, 1752 *

French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was a theater of the Seven Years' War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes. At the ...

, May 28, 1754 – February 10, 1763 **

Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...

orders all French

Acadians The Acadians (french: Acadiens , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Most Acadians live in the region of Acadia, as it is the region where the des ...

to leave

in '' Le Grand Dérangement'', August 11, 1755 **

Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris may refer to one of many treaties signed in Paris, France: Treaties 1200s and 1300s * Treaty of Paris (1229), which ended the Albigensian Crusade * Treaty of Paris (1259), between Henry III of England and Louis IX of France * Trea ...

, February 10, 1763

= 1760s

Pontiac's Rebellion Pontiac's War (also known as Pontiac's Conspiracy or Pontiac's Rebellion) was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of Native Americans dissatisfied with British rule in the Great Lakes region following the French and Indian War (1754–176 ...

, 1763–1767 *

Royal Proclamation of 1763 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III on 7 October 1763. It followed the Treaty of Paris (1763), which formally ended the Seven Years' War and transferred French territory in North America to Great Britain. The Procla ...

, October 7, 1763 ** British

Indian Reserve In Canada, an Indian reserve (french: réserve indienne) is specified by the '' Indian Act'' as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." Ind ...

, October 7, 1763 – September 3, 1783 *

War of the Regulation The Regulator Movement, also known as the Regulator Insurrection, War of Regulation, and War of the Regulation, was an uprising in Provincial North Carolina from 1766 to 1771 in which citizens took up arms against colonial officials, whom they v ...

, 1764–1771 * Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál de San Diego'' in ''

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

'', May 14, 1769

= 1770s

= * British troops kill five civilians in

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

on March 5, 1770 * Spain establishes colony of ''

Las Californias The Californias (Spanish: ''Las Californias''), occasionally known as The Three Californias or Two Californias, are a region of North America spanning the United States and Mexico, consisting of the U.S. state of California and the Mexican stat ...

'', June 3, 1770 – March 26, 1804 ** Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey'' on June 3, 1770 *

Dunmore's War Lord Dunmore's War—or Dunmore's War—was a 1774 conflict between the Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo American Indian nations. The Governor of Virginia during the conflict was John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore—Lord Dunmore. He a ...

, 1773–1774 * The

Parliament of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdo ...

passes the

Massachusetts Government Act The Massachusetts Government Act (14 Geo. 3 c. 45) was passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, receiving royal assent on 20 May 1774. The act effectively abrogated the 1691 charter of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and gave its royally-appo ...

on May 20, 1774 ** The

Massachusetts Provincial Congress The Massachusetts Provincial Congress (1774–1780) was a provisional government created in the Province of Massachusetts Bay early in the American Revolution. Based on the terms of the colonial charter, it exercised ''de facto'' control over the ...

is organized on October 7, 1774, in response to the

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

, April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783 **

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord ...

on April 19, 1775 ** The

Province of New Hampshire The Province of New Hampshire was a colony of England and later a British province in North America. The name was first given in 1629 to the territory between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers on the eastern coast of North America, and was nam ...

adopts a

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

for an independent

State of New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. ...

, January 5, 1776 ** The

Province of South Carolina Province of South Carolina, originally known as Clarendon Province, was a province of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776. It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of the thirteen American colonies. The monar ...

adopts a

for an independent

State of South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

on March 15, 1776 ** The

declares its independence from the

on May 4, 1776 ** The

declares its independence from the

on June 18, 1776 ** The

Colony of Virginia The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colonial empire, English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertG ...

adopts a

for an independent

Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States, Southeastern regions of the United States, between the East Coast of the United Stat ...

on June 29, 1776 ** The

Province of New Jersey The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1783. The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland but came under English rule after the ...

adopts a

for an independent

State of New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware Ri ...

on July 2, 1776 ** The 13 British North American provinces of

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay is a bay on the Gulf of Maine that forms part of the central coastline of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Description The bay extends from Cape Ann on the north to Plymouth Harbor on the south, a distance of about . Its ...

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

and

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

, and

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

united as the United States of America declare their independence from the

on July 4, 1776 ** The Republic of New Connecticut declares its independence from the

on January 15, 1777 ** The Republic of New Connecticut changes its name to

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

on June 2, 1777 **

Battles of Saratoga The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led an invasion ...

on September 19 and October 7, 1777 **

Battle of the Chesapeake The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 17 ...

on September 5, 1781 **

Siege of Yorktown The Siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the surrender at Yorktown, or the German battle (from the presence of Germans in all three armies), beginning on September 28, 1781, and ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virgi ...

, September 28 – October 19, 1781 **

signed on September 3, 1783 * Spain establishes ''

El Presidio Reál de San Francisco de Asis The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis) is a park and former U.S. Army post on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco, California, and is part o ...

'' in ''

'', September 17, 1776 * English explorer

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

becomes the first European to visit the

Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...

which he names the

Sandwich Islands The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...

, January 18, 1778

= 1780s

= * The

Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the fundamental governing document of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, one of the 50 individual state governments that make up the United States of America. As a member of the Massachuset ...

takes effect on October 25, 1780, changing the name of the State of Massachusetts Bay. * Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál de Santa Barbara'' in ''

'', April 21, 1782 *

Northwest Indian War The Northwest Indian War (1786–1795), also known by other names, was an armed conflict for control of the Northwest Territory fought between the United States and a united group of Native American nations known today as the Northwestern ...

, 1785 – August 3, 1795 **

Treaty of Greenville The Treaty of Greenville, formally titled Treaty with the Wyandots, etc., was a 1795 treaty between the United States and indigenous nations of the Northwest Territory (now Midwestern United States), including the Wyandot and Delaware peoples, ...

, August 3, 1795 *

Shays' Rebellion Shays Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades. The ...

, August 29, 1786 – May 25, 1787 * The

Philadelphia Convention The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia from May 25 to September 17, 1787. Although the convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation, the intention fr ...

writes a new

Constitution of the United States The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the natio ...

, May 25, 1787 – September 17, 1787 * The

Congress of the Confederation The Congress of the Confederation, or the Confederation Congress, formally referred to as the United States in Congress Assembled, was the governing body of the United States of America during the Confederation period, March 1, 1781 – Mar ...

organizes the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, July 13, 1787 * The

State of Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

becomes the 1st state to ratify the US Constitution on December 7, 1787It has been customary to rank the original 13 states not by date of colonial founding, or date of declaration of independence, but by date of ratification of the US Constitution. Subsequent states are ranked by the date of their admission to the

Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...

. * The

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; (Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryl ...

becomes the 2nd state to ratify the US Constitution on December 12, 1787 * The

becomes the 3rd state to ratify the US Constitution on December 18, 1787 * The

State of Georgia Georgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; to the northeast by South Carolina; to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean; to the south by Florida; and to the west by ...

becomes the 4th state to ratify the US Constitution on January 2, 1788 * The

State of Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the ...

becomes the 5th state to ratify the US Constitution on January 9, 1788 * The

Commonwealth of Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...

becomes the 6th state to ratify the US Constitution on February 6, 1788 * The

State of Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to it ...

becomes the 7th state to ratify the US Constitution on April 28, 1788 * The

becomes the 8th state to ratify the US Constitution on May 23, 1788 * The US Constitution takes effect when the

becomes the 9th state to ratify the document on June 21, 1788 * The

becomes the 10th state to ratify the US Constitution on June 25, 1788 * The

State of New York New York, officially the State of New York, is a state in the Northeastern United States. It is often called New York State to distinguish it from its largest city, New York City. With a total area of , New York is the 27th-largest U.S. state ...

becomes the 11th state to ratify the US Constitution on July 26, 1788 * A new government under the US Constitution comes into being on March 4, 1789 *

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

becomes the 1st

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...

on April 30, 1789 * The

State of North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...

becomes the 12th state to ratify the US Constitution on November 21, 1789

= 1790s

= * The

State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

becomes the 13th state to ratify the US Constitution on May 29, 1790 * The

Vermont Republic The Vermont Republic ( French: ''République du Vermont''), officially known at the time as the State of Vermont ( French: ''État du Vermont''), was an independent state in New England that existed from January 15, 1777, to March 4, 1791. The ...

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the ...

(the 14th state) on March 4, 1791 *

Whiskey Rebellion The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a violent tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington. The so-called "whiskey tax" was the first tax impo ...

, 1791–1794 * The

United States Bill of Rights The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections rais ...

, the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, takes effect on December 15, 1791 * The United States sells the

Erie Triangle The Erie Triangle is a roughly 300-square-mile (780-square-kilometre) tract of American land that was the subject of several competing colonial-era claims. It was eventually acquired by the U.S. federal government and sold to Pennsylvania so that ...

to the

, March 3, 1792 * The

District of Kentucky Kentucky County (then alternately spelled Kentucke County) was formed by the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Virginia from the western portion (beyond the Cumberland Mountains) of Fincastle County, Virginia, Fincastle County effecti ...

of the

is admitted to the Union as the

Commonwealth of Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...

(the 15th state) on June 1, 1792 * The

Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution The Eleventh Amendment (Amendment XI) is an amendment to the United States Constitution which was passed by Congress on March 4, 1794, and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. The Eleventh Amendment restricts the ability of individuals to ...

takes effect, February 7, 1795 * The Territory South of the River Ohio is admitted to the Union as the

State of Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...

(the 16th state) on June 1, 1796 *

John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...

becomes the 2nd President of the United States on March 4, 1797 * The

Territory of Mississippi The Territory of Mississippi was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from April 7, 1798, until December 10, 1817, when the western half of the territory was admitted to the United States, Union as the History o ...

is organized, April 7, 1798 *

Quasi-War The Quasi-War (french: Quasi-guerre) was an undeclared naval war fought from 1798 to 1800 between the United States and the French First Republic, primarily in the Caribbean and off the East Coast of the United States. The ability of Congres ...

, 1798–1800

19th century

= 1800s

= * The

Territory of Indiana The Indiana Territory, officially the Territory of Indiana, was created by a congressional act that President John Adams signed into law on May 7, 1800, to form an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, ...

is organized, May 7, 1800 *

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...

becomes the 3rd President of the United States on March 4, 1801 *

First Barbary War The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the Barbary Wars, in which the United States and Sweden fought against Tripolitania. Tripolitania had declared war against Sw ...

, 1801–1805 * The Territory Northwest of the River Ohio is admitted to the Union as the

State of Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

(the 17th state) on March 1, 1803 * The United States takes possession of the

Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase (french: Vente de la Louisiane, translation=Sale of Louisiana) was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or app ...

, December 20, 1803 * Spanish creates the colony of ''

Alta California Alta California ('Upper California'), also known as ('New California') among other names, was a province of New Spain, formally established in 1804. Along with the Baja California peninsula, it had previously comprised the province of , but ...

'' from northern portion of ''

'', March 26, 1804 – August 24, 1821 *

Lewis and Clark Expedition The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was a select gro ...

, May 14, 1804 – September 23, 1806 **

reaches the Pacific Ocean, November 18, 1805 * The

Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution provides the procedure for electing the president and vice president. It replaced the procedure provided in Article II, Section 1, Clause 3, by which the Electoral Colleg ...

takes effect, June 15, 1804 *

Battle of Sitka The Battle of Sitka (russian: Сражение при Ситке; 1804) was the last major armed conflict between Russians and Alaska Natives, and was initiated in response to the destruction of a Russian trading post two years before. The primary ...

, October 1804 * The

Territory of Orleans The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana. History In 1804, ...

is organized and the

District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official and temporary United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Territory of Orleans or "Orleans Territory" (the p ...

is created, October 1, 1804 * The

Territory of Michigan The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit w ...

is organized, June 30, 1805 * The

Territory of Louisiana The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1805, until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed the Missouri Territory. The territory was formed out of the ...

is organized, July 4, 1805 *

Pike Expedition The Pike Expedition (July 15, 1806 – July 1, 1807) was a military party sent out by President Thomas Jefferson and authorized by the United States government to explore the south and west of the recent Louisiana Purchase.Berry, Trey; Pam ...

, July 15, 1806 – July 1, 1807 ** Spanish cavalry arrests

, February 26, 1807 * The

Territory of Illinois The Territory of Illinois was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 1, 1809, until December 3, 1818, when the southern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Illinois. Its c ...

is organized, March 1, 1809 *

James Madison James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father. He served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for hi ...

becomes the 4th President of the United States on March 4, 1809

= 1810s

= *

Mexican War of Independence The Mexican War of Independence ( es, Guerra de Independencia de México, links=no, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from Spain. It was not a single, co ...

, September 16, 1810 – August 24, 1821 **

Grito de Dolores A ''grito'' or ''grito mexicano'' (, Spanish for "shout") is a common Mexican interjection, used as an expression. Characteristics This interjection is similar to the ''yahoo'' or ''yeehaw'' of the American cowboy during a hoedown, with added ul ...

on September 16, 1810 **

Treaty of Córdoba The Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guaran ...

signed on August 24, 1821 * The

Republic of West Florida The Republic of West Florida ( es, República de Florida Occidental, french: République de Floride occidentale), officially the State of Florida, was a short-lived republic in the western region of Spanish West Florida for just over months du ...

declares its independence from Spain, September 23, 1810 * The United States unilaterally annexes the

Florida Parishes The Florida Parishes ( es, Parroquias de Florida, french: Paroisses de Floride), on the east side of the Mississippi River—an area also known as the Northshore or Northlake region—are eight parishes in the southeastern portion of the U.S. stat ...

of Spanish

Florida Occidental West Florida ( es, Florida Occidental) was a region on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico that underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history. As its name suggests, it was formed out of the western part of former S ...

, October 27, 1810 *

Tecumseh's War Tecumseh's War or Tecumseh's Rebellion was a conflict between the United States and Tecumseh's Confederacy, led by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh in the Indiana Territory. Although the war is often considered to have climaxed with William Henry Har ...

, 1811 * A tremendous

earthquake An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from ...

strikes the region around New Madrid in the

(

Missouri Missouri is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee ...

), February 7, 1812 * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is border ...

(the 18th state) on April 30, 1812 * The

is renamed the

Territory of Missouri The Territory of Missouri was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 4, 1812, until August 10, 1821. In 1819, the Territory of Arkansas was created from a portion of its southern area. In 1821, a southeas ...

on June 4, 1812 *

War of 1812 The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It bega ...

, June 18, 1812 – March 23, 1815 ** The United States declares war on the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in the British Isles that existed between 1801 and 1922, when it included all of Ireland. It was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the Kingdom of Great B ...

on June 18, 1812 **

Battle of Lake Erie The Battle of Lake Erie, sometimes called the Battle of Put-in-Bay, was fought on 10 September 1813, on Lake Erie off the shore of Ohio during the War of 1812. Nine vessels of the United States Navy defeated and captured six vessels of the Briti ...

on September 10, 1813 **

Battle of Bladensburg The Battle of Bladensburg was a battle of the Chesapeake campaign of the War of 1812, fought on 24 August 1814 at Bladensburg, Maryland, northeast of Washington, D.C. Called "the greatest disgrace ever dealt to American arms," a British force ...

on August 24, 1814 **

Burning of Washington The Burning of Washington was a British invasion of Washington City (now Washington, D.C.), the capital of the United States, during the Chesapeake Campaign of the War of 1812. It is the only time since the American Revolutionary War that a ...

on August 24, 1814 **

Battle of Plattsburgh The Battle of Plattsburgh, also known as the Battle of Lake Champlain, ended the final British invasion of the northern states of the United States during the War of 1812. An army under Lieutenant General Sir George Prévost and a naval squadro ...

, September 6, 1814 – September 11, 1814 **

Battle of Baltimore The Battle of Baltimore (September 12–15, 1814) was a sea/land battle fought between British invaders and American defenders in the War of 1812. American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland ...

, September 12, 1814 – September 15, 1814 **

Treaty of Ghent The Treaty of Ghent () was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. It took effect in February 1815. Both sides signed it on December 24, 1814, in the city of Ghent, United Netherlands (now in ...

signed on December 24, 1814 **

Battle of New Orleans The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815 between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson, roughly 5 miles (8 km) southeast of the French ...

on January 8, 1815 *

Creek War The Creek War (1813–1814), also known as the Red Stick War and the Creek Civil War, was a regional war between opposing Indigenous American Creek factions, European empires and the United States, taking place largely in modern-day Alabama ...

, 1813–1814 *

First Seminole War The Seminole Wars (also known as the Florida Wars) were three related military conflicts in Florida between the United States and the Seminole, citizens of a Native American nation which formed in the region during the early 1700s. Hostilities ...

, 1814–1819 *

Second Barbary War The Second Barbary War (1815) or the U.S.–Algerian War was fought between the United States and the North African Barbary Coast states of Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers. The war ended when the United States Senate ratified Commodore Stephen De ...

, March 3, 1815 – December 23, 1816 ** The United States declares war on

Algiers Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques ...

, March 3, 1815 * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Indiana State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

(the 19th state) on December 11, 1816 * The Territory of Alabama is organized, March 3, 1817 *

James Monroe James Monroe ( ; April 28, 1758July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party, Monroe was ...

becomes the 5th President of the United States on March 4, 1817 * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississ ...

(the 20th state) on December 10, 1817 * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockford ...

(the 21st state) on December 3, 1818. * The

Territory of Arkansaw The Arkansas Territory was a territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1819, to June 15, 1836, when the final extent of Arkansas Territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas. Arkansas Post was the first territor ...

is organized, July 4, 1819 * The Territory of Alabama is admitted to the Union as the

State of Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...

(the 22nd state) on December 14, 1819

= 1820s

= * The

District of Maine The District of Maine was the governmental designation for what is now the U.S. state of Maine from October 25, 1780 to March 15, 1820, when it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state. The district was a part of the Commonwealth of Massachuse ...

of the

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Maine Maine () is a U.S. state, state in the New England and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and territories of Canad ...

(the 23rd state) on March 15, 1820 * The Adams-Onis Treaty establishes the boundary between the United States and the

Kingdom of Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

, February 22, 1821 * The southeastern portion of the

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Missouri Missouri is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee ...

(the 24th state) on August 10, 1821. The remainder of the Missouri Territory becomes unorganized. * The

Territory of Florida The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the state of Florida. Originally the major portion of the Spanish te ...

is organized, March 30, 1822 * The Russo-American Treaty establishes the boundary between

Russian Alaska Russian America (russian: Русская Америка, Russkaya Amerika) was the name for the Russian Empire's colonial possessions in North America from 1799 to 1867. It consisted mostly of present-day Alaska in the United States, but a ...

and the

Oregon Country Oregon Country was a large region of the Pacific Northwest of North America that was subject to a long dispute between the United Kingdom and the United States in the early 19th century. The area, which had been created by the Treaty of 1818, co ...

at the

parallel 54°40′ north The Oregon boundary dispute or the Oregon Question was a 19th-century territorial dispute over the political division of the Pacific Northwest of North America between several nations that had competing territorial and commercial aspirations in t ...

, January 12, 1825 *

John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams (; July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States S ...

becomes the 6th President of the United States on March 4, 1825 *

Winnebago War The Winnebago War, also known as the Winnebago Uprising, was a brief conflict that took place in 1827 in the Upper Mississippi River region of the United States, primarily in what is now the state of Wisconsin. Not quite a war, the hostilities ...

, 1827 *

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, he gained fame as ...

becomes the 7th President of the United States on March 4, 1829

= 1830s

= *

Nat Turner's slave rebellion Nat Turner's Rebellion, historically known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831.Schwarz, Frederic D.1831 Nat Turner's Rebellion" ''American Heri ...

, August 21, 1831 – August 22, 1831 *

Black Hawk War The Black Hawk War was a conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader. The war erupted after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis (Fox), and Kickapoos, known as the "British Band", crosse ...

, 1832 *

Second Seminole War The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between the United States and groups collectively known as Seminoles, consisting of Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans and ...

, 1835–1842 *

Toledo War The Toledo War (1835–36), also known as the Michigan–Ohio War or the Ohio–Michigan War, was an almost bloodless boundary dispute between the U.S. state of Ohio and the adjoining territory of Michigan over what is now known as the Toledo S ...

, 1835–1836 * Texas Revolution, October 2, 1835 – October 2, 1836 **

Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Ant ...

, February 23, 1836 – March 6, 1836 **

Texas Declaration of Independence The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, and was formal ...

, March 2, 1836 **

Battle of San Jacinto The Battle of San Jacinto ( es, Batalla de San Jacinto), fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day La Porte and Pasadena, Texas, was the final and decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Samuel Houston, the Texan Army engaged ...

, April 21, 1836 * Texas-Indian Wars, May 19, 1836 – June 2, 1875 ** Fort Parker massacre, May 19, 1836 **

Council House massacre The Council House Fight, often referred to as the Council House Massacre, was a fight between soldiers and officials of the Republic of Texas and a delegation of Comanche chiefs during a peace conference in San Antonio on March 19, 1840. The m ...

, March 19, 1840 * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage la ...

(the 25th state) on June 15, 1836 * The

Territory of Wisconsin The Territory of Wisconsin was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1836, until May 29, 1848, when an eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Wisconsin. Belmont was ...

is organized, July 3, 1836 * The United States buys the

Platte Purchase The Platte Purchase was a land acquisition in 1836 by the United States government from American Indian tribes of the region. It comprised lands along the east bank of the Missouri River and added to the northwest corner of the state of Miss ...

from the recently relocated

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...

Sac SAC or Sac may refer to: Organizations Education * Santa Ana College, California, US * San Antonio College, Texas, US * St. Andrew's College, Aurora, Canada * Students' Administrative Council, University of Toronto, Canada * SISD Student Activiti ...

, and

Fox Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright, triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or ''brush''). Twelve sp ...

nations, September 17, 1836. The purchase includes the region east of the Missouri River, south of

Sullivan Line The Sullivan Line originally marked in 1816 forms three quarters of the border between Missouri and Iowa and an extension of it forms the remainder. The line was initially created to establish the limits of Native American territory (they woul ...

, and west of the mouth of the Kaw (Kansas) River. * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...

(the 26th state) on January 26, 1837 *

Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren ( ; nl, Maarten van Buren; ; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841. A primary founder of the Democratic Party (Uni ...

becomes the 8th President of the United States on March 4, 1837 * The

is annexed to the

, March 28, 1837 *

Missouri Mormon War The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three " Mormon Wars". Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by J ...

, August 6, 1838 – November 1, 1838 * The

Territory of Iowa The Territory of Iowa was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa. The remaind ...

is organized, July 4, 1838 *

Aroostook War The Aroostook War (sometimes called the Pork and Beans WarLe Duc, Thomas (1947). The Maine Frontier and the Northeastern Boundary Controversy. ''The American Historical Review'' Vol. 53, No. 1 (Oct., 1947), pp. 30–41), or the Madawaska War, wa ...

, 1838–1839 *

Honey War The Honey War was a bloodless territorial dispute in 1839 between Iowa Territory and Missouri over their border. The dispute over a strip running the entire length of the border, caused by unclear wording in the Missouri Constitution on bounda ...

, 1839

= 1840s

= *

William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, and had the shortest pres ...

becomes the 9th President of the United States on March 4, 1841 *

John Tyler John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president dire ...

becomes the 10th President of the United States upon the death of President William Henry Harrison on April 4, 1841 * The extralegal

Provisional Government of Oregon The Provisional Government of Oregon was a popularly elected settler government created in the Oregon Country, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Its formation had been advanced at the Champoeg Meetings since February 17, 1841, a ...

governs the

, May 2, 1843 – August 14, 1848 *

Illinois Mormon War The history of Nauvoo, Illinois, starts with the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes who frequented the area, on a bend of the Mississippi River in Hancock County, some north of today's Quincy. They called the area " Quashquema", named in honor of the Nat ...

, June 7, 1844 – September 17, 1846 ** Assassination of Joseph Smith, Jr. on June 27, 1844 **

Battle of Nauvoo The Nauvoo Legion was a state-authorized militia of the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, United States. With growing antagonism from surrounding settlements it came to have as its main function the defense of Nauvoo, and surrounding Latter Day Sain ...

, September 12, 1846 – September 17, 1846 *

Treaty of Wanghia The Treaty of Wanghia (also known as the Treaty of Wangxia; Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America and the Chinese Empire; ) was the first of the unequal treaties imposed by the United States on China. As per ...

, July 3, 1844 * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Florida Florida is a U.S. state, state located in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia (U.S. state), Geo ...

(the 27th state) on March 3, 1845 *

James K. Polk James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was the 11th president of the United States, serving from 1845 to 1849. He previously was the 13th speaker of the House of Representatives (1835–1839) and ninth governor of Tennessee (183 ...

becomes the 11th President of the United States on March 4, 1845 * The

Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas ( es, República de Tejas) was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, that bordered Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande in 1840 (another breakaway republic from Mex ...

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by bo ...

(the 28th state) on December 29, 1845 *

Mexican–American War The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the (''United States intervention in Mexico''), was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1 ...

, April 23, 1846 – February 2, 1848 ** The United States declares war on

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

, May 11, 1846 **

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ( es, Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo), officially the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States, is the peace treaty that was signed on 2 ...

signed on February 2, 1848 * Biddle Expedition arrives at

Uraga Harbor is a subdivision of the city of Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located on the south eastern side of the Miura Peninsula, at the northern end of the Uraga Channel, at the entrance of Tokyo Bay. History With the establishment of the T ...

in Japan, July 20, 1846 * The southeastern portion of the

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...

(the 29th state) on December 28, 1846. The remainder of the Iowa Territory becomes unorganized. *

Cayuse War The Cayuse War was an armed conflict that took place in the Northwestern United States from 1847 to 1855 between the Cayuse people of the region and the United States Government and local American settlers. Caused in part by the influx of disease ...

, November 29, 1847 – June 11, 1855 ** Walla Walla Treaty, June 11, 1855 * The southeastern portion of the

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Mich ...

(the 30th state) on May 29, 1848. The remainder of the Wisconsin Territory becomes unorganized. * The

Territory of Oregon The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Ori ...

is organized, August 14, 1848 * The

Territory of Minnesota The Territory of Minnesota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1849, until May 11, 1858, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Minnesota and wester ...

is organized, March 3, 1849 * The extralegal

State of Deseret The State of Deseret (modern pronunciation , contemporaneously ) was a proposed state of the United States, proposed in 1849 by settlers from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Salt Lake City. The provisional state ...

governs the

Great Basin The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic basin, endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets, in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and Baja California ...

region, May 3, 1849 – September 9, 1850 *

Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military leader who served as the 12th president of the United States from 1849 until his death in 1850. Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to th ...

becomes the 12th President of the United States on March 4, 1849

= 1850s

= *

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853; he was the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former member of the U.S. House of Represen ...

becomes the 13th President of the United States upon the death of President Zachary Taylor on July 9, 1850 * The

State of California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

is admitted to the Union as the 31st state on September 9, 1850 * The

Territory of New Mexico The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of '' Nuevo México'' becoming ...

and the

Territory of Utah The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state. ...

are organized, September 9, 1850 * The

Territory of Washington The Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the p ...

is organized, February 8, 1853 *

Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. He was a northern Democrat who believed that the abolitionist movement was a fundamental threat to the nation's unity ...

becomes the 14th President of the United States on March 4, 1853 *

Perry Expedition The Perry Expedition ( ja, 黒船来航, , "Arrival of the Black Ships") was a diplomatic and military expedition during 1853–1854 to the Tokugawa Shogunate involving two separate voyages by warships of the United States Navy. The goals of thi ...

arrives at

in Japan, July 14, 1853 **

Convention of Kanagawa The Convention of Kanagawa, also known as the Kanagawa Treaty (, ''Kanagawa Jōyaku'') or the Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (, ''Nichibei Washin Jōyaku''), was a treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa Shogunate on March ...

, March 31, 1854 * The

Territory of Kansas The Territory of Kansas was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until January 29, 1861, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the free state of Kansas. T ...

and the

Territory of Nebraska The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Nebraska. The Nebraska ...

are organized, May 20, 1854 *

Sioux Wars The Sioux Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and various subgroups of the Sioux people which occurred in the later half of the 19th century. The earliest conflict came in 1854 when a fight broke out at Fort Laramie in Wyom ...

, August 19, 1854 – December 29, 1890 ** Grattan massacre, August 19, 1854 ** Wounded Knee Massacre, December 29, 1890 *

James Buchanan James Buchanan Jr. ( ; April 23, 1791June 1, 1868) was an American lawyer, diplomat and politician who served as the 15th president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. He previously served as secretary of state from 1845 to 1849 and repr ...

becomes the 15th President of the United States on March 4, 1857 * Utah Mormon War, May 28, 1857 – July 8, 1858 **

Mountain Meadows massacre The Mountain Meadows Massacre (September 7–11, 1857) was a series of attacks during the Utah War that resulted in the mass murder of at least 120 members of the Baker–Fancher party, Baker–Fancher emigrant wagon train. The massacre occur ...

, September 11, 1857 * The eastern portion of the

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to i ...

(the 32nd state) on May 11, 1858. The remainder of the Minnesota Territory becomes unorganized. * The extralegal

Territory of Jefferson The Territory of Jefferson was an extralegal and unrecognized United States territory that existed from October 24, 1859 until the creation of the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861. The Jefferson Territory, named for Founding Father and Un ...

governs the

Southern Rocky Mountains The Southern Rocky Mountains are a major subregion of the Rocky Mountains of North America located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Wyoming, the central and western portions of Colorado, the northern portion of New Mexico, and ex ...

region, October 24, 1859 – February 28, 1861 * The western portion of the

Oregon Territory The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Ori ...

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...

(the 33rd state) on February 14, 1859. The remainder of the Oregon Territory is annexed to the

Washington Territory The Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the ...

= 1860s

= * The

becomes the 1st state to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860 * The

becomes the 2nd state to secede from the Union on January 9, 1861 * The

becomes the 3rd state to secede from the Union on January 10, 1861 * The

becomes the 4th state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861 * The

becomes the 5th state to secede from the Union on January 19, 1861 * The

becomes the 6th state to secede from the Union on January 26, 1861 * The eastern portion of the

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the ...

(the 34th state) on January 29, 1861. The remainder of the Kansas territory becomes unorganized. * The

becomes the 7th state to secede from the Union on February 1, 1861 * The 7 rebellious

slave state In the United States before 1865, a slave state was a state in which slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade were legal, while a free state was one in which they were not. Between 1812 and 1850, it was considered by the slave states ...

s of

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...

, and

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

create the rival

Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confeder ...

on February 4, 1861 * The

Territory of Colorado The Territory of Colorado was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from February 28, 1861, until August 1, 1876, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Colorado. The territory was organized in the w ...

is organized, February 28, 1861 * The

Territory of Nevada The Territory of Nevada (N.T.) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until October 31, 1864, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Nevada. Prior to the creation of the Nevada T ...

is organized, March 2, 1861 * The

Territory of Dakota The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of No ...

is organized, March 2, 1861 *

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...

becomes the 16th President of the United States on March 4, 1861 * A rump government declares itself the

Confederate Territory of Arizona Arizona Territory, colloquially referred to as Confederate Arizona, was an organized incorporated territory of the Confederate States that existed from August 1, 1861 to May 26, 1865, when the Confederate States Army Trans-Mississippi Depar ...

on March 16, 1861 *

, April 12, 1861 – May 13, 1865 **

Battle of Fort Sumter The Battle of Fort Sumter (April 12–13, 1861) was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the South Carolina militia. It ended with the surrender by the United States Army, beginning the American Civil War. Follo ...

, April 12, 1861 – April 13, 1861 ** The

becomes the 8th state to secede from the Union on April 17, 1861 ** Union naval blockade of the Confederacy, April 19, 1861 – April 9, 1865 ** The

becomes the 9th state to secede from the Union on May 6, 1861 ** The

becomes the 8th state admitted to the Confederacy on May 7, 1861 ** The

becomes the 10th state to secede from the Union on May 20, 1861 ** The

becomes the 9th state admitted to the Confederacy on May 18, 1861 ** The

becomes the 10th state admitted to the Confederacy on May 21, 1861 ** The

becomes the 11th state to secede from the Union on June 8, 1861 ** The

becomes the 11th state admitted to the Confederacy on July 2, 1861 **

First Battle of Bull Run The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas

, July 21, 1861 ** A rump government claiming to represent the

declares its secession from the Union on October 31, 1861 ** A rump government claiming to represent the

declares its secession from the Union on November 20, 1861 ** The rump government of the

becomes the 12th state admitted to the Confederacy on November 28, 1861 ** The rump government of the

becomes the 13th state admitted to the Confederacy on December 10, 1861 ** The rump government of the

becomes the only Confederate Territory on February 14, 1862 **

Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh (also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was fought on April 6–7, 1862, in the American Civil War. The fighting took place in southwestern Tennessee, which was part of the war's Western Theater. The battlefield i ...

, April 6, 1862 – April 7, 1862 **

Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam (), or Battle of Sharpsburg particularly in the Southern United States, was a battle of the American Civil War fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union G ...

, September 17, 1862 ** The

Territory of Arizona The Territory of Arizona (also known as Arizona Territory) was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of ...

is organized, February 24, 1863 ** The

Territory of Idaho The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho. History 1860s The territory w ...

is organized, March 4, 1863 **

Siege of Vicksburg The siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. In a series of maneuvers, Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Missis ...

, May 18, 1863 – July 4, 1863 ** The northwestern region of the

is admitted to the Union as the

State of West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the B ...

(the 35th state) on June 20, 1863 **

Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. In the battle, Union Major General George Meade's Army of the Po ...

, July 1, 1863 – July 3, 1863 **

President Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation throu ...

issues the

Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation, officially Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War. The Proclamation changed the legal sta ...

on September 22, 1863 ** Siege of Atlanta, May 7, 1864 – September 2, 1864 ** The

Territory of Montana The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the state of Montana. Original boundaries T ...

is organized, May 28, 1864 ** The

State of Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, t ...

is admitted to the Union as the 36th state on October 31, 1864 **

Battle of Appomattox Courthouse The Battle of Appomattox Court House, fought in Appomattox County, Virginia, on the morning of April 9, 1865, was one of the last battles of the American Civil War (1861–1865). It was the final engagement of Confederate General in Chief, Rober ...

, April 9, 1865 ** Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

on April 14, 1865 *** President Abraham Lincoln dies on April 15, 1865 ***

Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a Dem ...

becomes 17th President of the United States on April 15, 1865 * The

Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representative ...

takes effect, December 18, 1865 * The

becomes the 1st Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 24, 1866 * The

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Nebraska Nebraska () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas ...

(the 37th state) on March 1, 1867 *

President Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a Dem ...

impeached Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In ...

by the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...

, February 24, 1868 **

acquitted In common law jurisdictions, an acquittal certifies that the accused is free from the charge of an offense, as far as criminal law is concerned. The finality of an acquittal is dependent on the jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the ...

by the

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...

, May 16, 1868 * The

becomes the 2nd Confederate State readmitted to the Union on June 22, 1868 * The

becomes the 3rd Confederate State readmitted to the Union on June 25, 1868 * The

becomes the 4th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 4, 1868 * The

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Often considered as one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and ...

takes effect, July 9, 1868 * The

becomes the 5th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868 * The

becomes the 6th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868 * The

becomes the 7th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 13, 1868 * The

Territory of Wyoming The Territory of Wyoming was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 25, 1868, until July 10, 1890, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Wyoming. Cheyenne was the territorial capital. The boun ...

is organized, July 25, 1868 *

Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...

becomes the 18th President of the United States on March 4, 1869 * The

Transcontinental railroad A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage, that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single ...

is completed on May 10, 1869

= 1870s

= * The

becomes the 8th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on January 26, 1870 * The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, February 3, 1870 * The

becomes the 9th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on February 23, 1870 * The

becomes the 10th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on March 30, 1870 * The

becomes the 11th and last Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 15, 1870 * The United States United States expedition to Korea, attacks Korea, June 10, 1871 – July 3, 1871 * Black Hills War, March 17, 1876 – 1877 ** Battle of the Little Bighorn, June 25, 1876 – June 26, 1876 * The nation celebrates the Centennial of the United States of America despite news from the Little Bighorn, July 4, 1876 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Colorado (the 38th state) on August 1, 1876 * Rutherford B. Hayes becomes the 19th President of the United States on March 4, 1877

= 1880s

= * James A. Garfield becomes the 20th President of the United States on March 4, 1881 * Chester A. Arthur becomes the 21st President of the United States upon the James A. Garfield assassination, assassination of President James Garfield on September 19, 1881 * The portion of the Dakota Territory south of the 42nd parallel north and west of the Missouri River is annexed to the

, March 28, 1882 * Grover Cleveland becomes the 22nd President of the United States on March 4, 1885 * Benjamin Harrison becomes the 23rd President of the United States on March 4, 1889 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of North Dakota and the State of South Dakota (the 39th state and the 40th state) on November 2, 1889The states of North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted to the Union at precisely the same time. Since the names of the new states were officially published in alphabetical order, it has been customary to consider North Dakota to be the 39th state and South Dakota to be the 40th state. * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Montana (the 41st state) on November 8, 1889 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Washington (the 42nd state) on November 11, 1889

= 1890s

= * The Territory of Oklahoma is organized, May 2, 1890 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Idaho (the 43rd state) on July 3, 1890 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Wyoming (the 44th state) on July 10, 1890 * Grover Cleveland becomes the 24th (as well as the 22nd) President of the United States on March 4, 1893 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Utah (the 45th state) on January 4, 1896 * William McKinley becomes the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897 * Spanish–American War, April 23 – August 12, 1898 ** Teller Amendment blocks United States annexation of Cuba, April 20, 1898 ** The Spanish Empire declares war on the United States, April 23, 1898 ** 1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay, Invasion of Guantánamo Bay, June 6, 1898 – June 10, 1898 ** Capture of Guam, June 20, 1898 – June 21, 1898 ** Battle of Santiago de Cuba, July 3, 1898 ** Puerto Rican Campaign, Invasion of Puerto Rico, July 25, 1898 – August 13, 1898 ** Protocol of Peace signed on August 12, 1898 ** Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898 *** The United States annexes the Philippines, Porto Rico (sic), and Guam, December 10, 1898 *** The United States formally occupies Cuba, January 1, 1899 – May 20, 1902 ** Platt Amendment promotes United States hegemony of Cuba, March 2, 1901 * The Territory of Hawaii is organized, July 7, 1898 * Second Samoan Civil War, August 22, 1898 – November 14, 1899 ** Anglo-German Samoa Convention, November 14, 1899 *** The United States annexes Eastern Samoa, December 2, 1899 * Philippine–American War, June 2, 1899 – June 15, 1913 ** Philippine Declaration of Independence, June 12, 1898 ** The Philippines declares war on the United States, June 2, 1899 ** Moro Rebellion, May 2, 1902 – June 15, 1913 ** Philippine Organic Act (1902), Organic Act for the Philippine Islands, July 1, 1902 ** Theodore Roosevelt, President Theodore Roosevelt declares the end of Philippine–American War, July 4, 1902 * Boxer Rebellion, November 2, 1899 – September 7, 1901 ** The Society of Right and Harmonious Fists attacks Beijing, June 20, 1900 ** The Eight-Nation Alliance relieves Beijing, August 14, 1900 ** The Boxer Protocol is imposed on China, September 7, 1901

20th century

= 1900s

= * A Galveston Hurricane of 1900, hurricane strikes Galveston, Texas, killing approximately 8,000 people, September 8, 1900 * Theodore Roosevelt becomes the 26th President of the United States upon the William McKinley assassination, assassination of President William McKinley on September 14, 1901 * The United States recognizes the independence of the Republic of Cuba, May 20, 1902 ** The United States formally ends its occupation of Cuba, May 20, 1902 * The United States seizes opportunity to build a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama, January 22, 1903 – August 15, 1914 ** The United States and the Republic of Colombia sign the Hay–Herrán Treaty, January 22, 1903 ** The Congress of Colombia rejects the Hay–Herrán Treaty, August 12, 1903 ** The United States Navy gunboat diplomacy, patrol gunboat USS Nashville (PG-7), USS Nashville blocks Colombian attempts to suppress a Panamanian separatist movement, October 26, 1903 – March 4, 1904 ** The Republic of Panama declares its independence from the Republic of Colombia, November 3, 1903 ** United States Marine Corps, United States Marines occupy region around proposed canal, November 4, 1903 – January 21, 1914 ** The United States and the Republic of Panama sign the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, November 18, 1903 *** The United States annexes the Panama Canal Zone, November 18, 1903 * A tremendous 1906 San Francisco earthquake, earthquake strikes the San Francisco region, April 18, 1906 * The United States reoccupies Cuba, September 29, 1906 – January 28, 1909 * The Territory of Oklahoma is admitted to the Union as the State of Oklahoma (the 46th state) on November 16, 1907 * William Howard Taft becomes the 27th President of the United States on March 4, 1909

= 1910s

= * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico (the 47th state) on January 6, 1912 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Arizona (the 48th state) on February 14, 1912 * The District of Alaska is reorganized as the Territory of Alaska, August 24, 1912 * The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, February 3, 1913 * Woodrow Wilson becomes the 28th President of the United States on March 4, 1913 * The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, April 8, 1913 * The United States occupation of Veracruz, April 21, 1914 – November 23, 1914 * The Panama Canal opens to shipping, August 15, 1914 * The United States occupation of Haiti, July 28, 1915 – August 11, 1934 * Doroteo Arango Arámbula (Pancho Villa) orders Raid on Columbus, raid on Columbus, New Mexico, March 9, 1916 * John J. Pershing, General John Pershing leads Pancho Villa Expedition, Mexican Expedition, March 14, 1916 – February 7, 1917 * The United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24), United States occupation of the Dominican Republic, May 16, 1916 – July 13, 1924 * The Danish West Indies#History, United States purchases the Danish West Indies from Denmark, January 17, 1917 *

, June 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 ** The United States declares war on the German Empire, German Reich, April 6, 1917 ** Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), Armistice with Germany, November 11, 1918 ** The Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant of the League of Nations are signed, June 28, 1919 ** The

rejects the Treaty of Versailles primarily because of Article X of the Covenant of the League of Nations, March 20, 1920 ** The United States Congress declares end of war, July 2, 1921 * Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, May 26, 1918 – April 1, 1920 ** The American Expeditionary Force Siberia, August 15, 1918 – April 1, 1920 ** The American Expeditionary Force North Russia, September 4, 1918 – August 5, 1919 * The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, January 29, 1919

= 1920s

= * The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, August 18, 1920 * Warren G. Harding becomes the 29th President of the United States on March 4, 1921 * Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th President of the United States upon the death of Warren G. Harding, President Warren Harding on August 2, 1923 * Hurricane San Felipe Segundo strikes the Leeward Islands,

, the Bahamas, and

killing more than 4,000 people, September 6, 1928 – September 20, 1928 * Herbert Hoover becomes the 31st President of the United States on March 4, 1929 * Great Depression, September 3, 1929 – September 1, 1939 ** Wall Street Crash of 1929, Wall Street Crash, September 3, 1929 – July 8, 1932 *** Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929

= 1930s

= * The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, January 23, 1933 * Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the 32nd President of the United States on March 4, 1933 * The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution, December 5, 1933

= 1940s

= * The United States assumes the defense of Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat), April 9, 1941 – 1946 * The United States assumes the defense of Iceland, July 27, 1941 – 1946 * The United States and Brazil assume the defense of Surinam (Dutch colony), Surinam, November 24, 1941 – 1946 *

, September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 ** The Empire of Japan Japanese invasion of Manchuria, invades Manchuria, September 19, 1931 ** The Italian Colonial Empire#World War II (1940–1943), Italian Empire Second Italo-Abyssinian War, invades Ethiopia, October 3, 1935 ** The Nazi Germany, German Reich Invasion of Poland (1939), invades Poland, September 1, 1939 ** The Empire of Japan Attack on Pearl Harbor, attacks Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 ** The United States declares war on the Empire of Japan, December 8, 1941 ** The Nazi Germany, German Reich declares war on the United States, December 11, 1941 ** The United States declares war on the Nazi Germany, German Reich and the Italian Colonial Empire#World War II (1940–1943), Italian Empire, December 11, 1941 ** Aleutian Islands Campaign, June 3, 1942 – August 15, 1943 ** The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania, June 5, 1942 ** Allies of World War II, Allied Forces Allied invasion of Sicily, invade Sicily, July 9, 1943 ** Allied Forces Allied invasion of Italy, invade Italy, September 3, 1943 ** Italy secretly signs an Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, armistice with Allied Forces, September 3, 1943 ** Allied Forces Invasion of Normandy, invade Normandy, June 6, 1944 ** Japan launches Fu-Go balloon bombs into the northwestern United States, November 3, 1944 – April 15, 1945 ** Allied Forces Battle of Okinawa, invade Okinawa, March 18, 1945 ** German Instrument of Surrender signed May 7, 1945 and May 8, 1945 ** The United States tests the first atomic bomb at the Trinity (nuclear test), Trinity Site in New Mexico, July 16, 1945 ** The United States drops an Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki#Hiroshima, atomic bomb on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 ** The United States drops an Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki#Nagasaki, atomic bomb on Nagasaki, August 9, 1945 ** Japanese Instrument of Surrender signed September 2, 1945 * Harry S. Truman becomes the 33rd President of the United States upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Franklin Roosevelt on April 12, 1945 * The United States and 50 other nations form the United Nations, October 24, 1945 * The League of Nations ceases operation, April 20, 1946 *

, March 5, 1946 – December 25, 1991 ** Berlin Blockade, June 24, 1948 – May 11, 1949 *** Berlin Airlift, June 25, 1948 – September 30, 1949

= 1950s

= * Korean War, June 25, 1950 – July 27, 1953 ** North Korea invades South Korea, June 25, 1950 ** The United Nations invade North Korea, September 15, 1950 ** China invades North Korea, November 1, 1950 ** China invades South Korea, January 1, 1951 ** Korean War#Stalemate (July 1951 – July 1953), Korean Armistice Agreement signed July 27, 1953 * The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, February 27, 1951 * Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the 34th President of the United States on January 20, 1953 * The Territory of Alaska is admitted to the Union as the State of Alaska (the 49th state) on January 3, 1959 * Vietnam War, September 26, 1959 – April 30, 1975 ** The United States sends military advisors to the Republic of Vietnam, February 12, 1955 ** The United States and the Vietnam People's Army wage covert war in Laos, October 1962 – 1975 ** The United States begins Operation Pierce Arrow, bombing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, August 2, 1964 ** The United States Vietnam War#American ground war, sends regular ground troops to the Republic of Vietnam, March 8, 1965 ** Battle of Khe Sanh, January 21, 1968 – April 8, 1968 ** Tet Offensive, January 30, 1968 – September 23, 1968 *** Battle of Hue, January 30, 1968 – March 3, 1968 ** The United States covertly bombs Vietnam People's Army military targets in Cambodia, 1968–1970 ** Battle of Hamburger Hill, May 10, 1969 – May 20, 1969 ** The United States and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Cambodian Campaign, invade Cambodia, April 29, 1970 – July 22, 1970 ** Paris Peace Accords, January 27, 1973 ** The United States Vietnam War#U.S. exit and final campaigns, 1973–1975, removes regular ground troops from the Republic of Vietnam, March 27, 1973 ** Fall of Saigon, April 30, 1975 * The Territory of Hawaii is admitted to the Union as the State of Hawaiʻi (the 50th state) on August 21, 1959

= 1960s

= * Cuba confiscates property of United States companies and citizens, July 5, 1960 * John F. Kennedy becomes the 35th President of the United States on January 20, 1961 * The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, March 29, 1961 * Cuban exiles supported by the United States Bay of Pigs Invasion, invade Cuba, April 17, 1961 – April 19, 1961 * United States embargo against Cuba, since February 7, 1962 * Cuban Missile Crisis, October 15, 1962 – October 28, 1962 ** United States naval quarantine of Cuba, October 24, 1962 – December 31, 1962 * Lyndon B. Johnson becomes the 36th President of the United States upon the John F. Kennedy assassination, assassination of President John Kennedy on November 22, 1963 * The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, January 23, 1964 * A tremendous Good Friday earthquake, earthquake strikes the region around Anchorage, Alaska, on Good Friday, March 27, 1964 * The United States and allies Operation Power Pack, invade the Dominican Republic, April 28, 1965 – September 1966 * The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, February 10, 1967 * Richard Nixon becomes the 37th President of the United States on January 20, 1969 * Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin are first people to walk on the Moon, July 20, 1969 – July 21, 1969

= 1970s

= * The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, July 1, 1971 * Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt are the last Apollo program, Apollo astronauts to walk on the Moon, December 11, 1972 – December 14, 1972 * The United States Operation Nickel Grass, airlifts military supplies to Israel during the Yom Kippur War, October 12, 1973 – November 14, 1973 * Gerald Ford becomes the 38th President of the United States upon the resignation of Richard Nixon, President Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974 * The nation celebrates the Bicentennial of the United States of America, July 4, 1976 * Jimmy Carter becomes the 39th President of the United States on January 20, 1977 * Iran hostage crisis, November 4, 1979 – January 20, 1981 * The United States transfers sovereignty of the Panama Canal Zone back to the Republic of Panama, October 1, 1979

= 1980s

= * Mount St. Helens erupts, May 18, 1980 * Ronald Reagan becomes the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981 * The United States joins Multinational Force in Lebanon, August 29, 1982 – February 26, 1984 ** 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, Truck bombings kill 307 in Beirut, October 23, 1983 * The United States Invasion of Grenada, invades Grenada, October 25, 1983 – December 15, 1983 * The United States pursues the Strategic Defense Initiative, March 27, 1984 – May 13, 1993 ** Ronald Reagan, President Ronald Reagan presents Star Wars speech, March 23, 1983 * Black Monday (1987), Black Monday, October 19, 1987 * Somali Civil War, since 1988 ** The United Nations intervenes in the Somali Civil War, July 27, 1992 – March 3, 1995 *** The United States leads the Unified Task Force, December 9, 1992 – May 4, 1993 *** The United States deploys independent Task Force Ranger, August 8, 1993 – March 31, 1994 **** Battle of Mogadishu (1993), Battle of Mogadishu, October 3, 1993 – October 4, 1993 * George H. W. Bush becomes the 41st President of the United States on January 20, 1989 * The United States United States invasion of Panama, invades Panama, December 20, 1989 – February 13, 1990

= 1990s

= * Gulf War, Persian Gulf War, August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991 ** The Republic of Iraq invades the State of Kuwait, August 2, 1990 ** The United States and allies Gulf War#Coalition forces enter Iraq, invade Kuwait and Iraq, February 24, 1991 * The United States and allies enforce a Iraqi no-fly zones, no-fly zone over Iraq north of the 36th parallel north, April 7, 1991 – December 31, 1996 * War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, April 1, 1992 – December 14, 1995 ** The United Nations airlifts humanitarian aid to Bosnia and Hercegovina, July 2, 1992 – January 9, 1996 ** NATO enforces ban on unauthorized military flights over Bosnia and Hercegovina, April 13, 1993 – August 30, 1995 ** NATO 1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, bombs Bosnian Serb Army in Bosnia and Herzegovina, August 30, 1995 – September 20, 1995 * The Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, May 5, 1992 * The United States and allies enforce a Iraqi no-fly zones, no-fly zone over Iraq south of the 32nd parallel north, August 27, 1992 – September 4, 1996 * Bill Clinton becomes the 42nd President of the United States on January 20, 1993 * The United States contributes troops for United Nations peacekeeping in Macedonia (country), Macedonia, July 9, 1993 – * The United States and allies Operation Uphold Democracy, invade Haiti, September 19, 1994 – March 31, 1995 *

, January 4, 1995 – March 10, 2000 * Kosovo War, April 22, 1996 – June 11, 1999 ** NATO 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, bombs the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, March 24, 1999 – June 10, 1999 * The United States and allies enforce an expanded Iraqi no-fly zones, no-fly zone over Iraq south of the 33rd parallel north, September 4, 1996 – April 30, 2003 * Al-Qaeda simultaneously bombs United States embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya, August 7, 1998. The car bombs kill 223 people and injure more than 4000. * The United States and the United Kingdom Bombing of Iraq (December 1998), bomb Iraq, December 16, 1998 – December 19, 1998 * The

Impeachment of Bill Clinton, impeaches Bill Clinton, President Bill Clinton, December 19, 1998 ** The

Impeachment of Bill Clinton, acquits Bill Clinton, President Bill Clinton, February 12, 1999 * The United States transfers ownership of the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama, December 31, 1999

21st century

= 2000s

= * Dot-com collapse on March 10, 2000 – October 10, 2002. *

, 2000–2006. * Al-Qaeda USS Cole bombing, attack on the USS Cole at Aden in Yemen on October 12, 2000. * George W. Bush becomes the 43rd President of the United States on January 20, 2001. * Al-Qaeda September 11 attacks, attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. * War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), Afghanistan War since October 7, 2001. ** The United States and allies United States invasion of Afghanistan, invade Afghanistan on October 7, 2001. * George W. Bush, President George W. Bush declares Iran, Iraq, and North Korea to be the "Axis of Evil" on January 29, 2002. * Iraq War since March 20, 2003. ** The United States and allies 2003 invasion of Iraq, invade Iraq on March 20, 2003. * Hurricane Katrina strikes

on August 25 and

and

on August 29, 2005. Subsequent failure of drainage canals floods 80% of New Orleans. * United States housing bubble, United States housing collapse since 2006. * Financial crisis of 2007–08. * Barack Obama becomes the 44th President of the United States on January 20, 2009. * Tea Party movement begins in 2009.

= 2010s

= * First Libyan Civil War, Libyan Rebellion since February 17, 2011. * The United States and allies enforce no-fly zone over Libya beginning March 19, 2011. * Osama bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda and the mastermind of the September 11 attacks, is killed in Pakistan by United States Navy SEALs, Navy SEALs. * The Iraq War is declared formally over on December 15, 2011. * Donald Trump becomes the 45th President of the United States on January 20, 2017.

= 2020s

= * The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, COVID-19 pandemic shuts down most businesses and activities, arriving on January 13, 2020. * Joe Biden becomes the 46th President of the United States on January 20, 2021. * The War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), Afghanistan War ended with the remaining troops leaving the country on August 30, 2021.

By region

* American Old West *

* History of New England * History of the Southern United States * History of the west coast of North America ;States * History of Alabama * History of Alaska * History of Arizona * History of Arkansas * History of California * History of Colorado * History of Connecticut * History of Delaware * History of Florida * History of Georgia (U.S. state), History of Georgia * History of Hawaii * History of Idaho * History of Illinois * History of Indiana * History of Iowa * History of Kansas * History of Kentucky * History of Louisiana * History of Maine * History of Maryland * History of Massachusetts * History of Michigan * History of Minnesota * History of Mississippi * History of Missouri * History of Montana * History of Nebraska * History of Nevada * History of New Hampshire * History of New Jersey * History of New Mexico * History of New York (state), History of New York * History of North Carolina * History of North Dakota * History of Ohio * History of Oklahoma * History of Oregon * History of Pennsylvania * History of Rhode Island * History of South Carolina * History of South Dakota * History of Tennessee * History of Texas * History of Utah * History of Vermont * History of Virginia * History of Washington (U.S. state), History of Washington * History of West Virginia * History of Wisconsin * History of Wyoming ;Federal district * History of Washington, D.C. ;Insular areas * History of American Samoa * History of Guam * History of the Northern Mariana Islands * History of Puerto Rico * History of the U.S. Virgin Islands ;Outlying islands * History of Bajo Nuevo Bank * History of Baker Island * History of Howland Island * History of Jarvis Island * History of Johnston Atoll * History of Kingman Reef * History of Midway Atoll * History of Navassa Island * History of Palmyra Atoll * History of Serranilla Bank * History of Wake Island

By subject

History books

Books on the history of the United States: * ''A History of Money and Banking in the United States (book), A History of Money and Banking in the United States'' * ''A Monetary History of the United States'' * ''A Patriot's History of the United States'' * ''A People's History of the United States'' * ''African-American history of agriculture in the United States'' * ''America: A Personal History of the United States'' * ''Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States'' * ''Land of Promise: An Economic History of the United States'' * ''The History of the United States of America 1801–1817'' * ''Oxford History of the United States'' * ''The Penguin History of the United States of America'' * ''Voices of a People's History of the United States''

Cultural history of the United States

* Cultural history of the United States ** History of immigration to the United States ** Music history of the United States *** Music history of the United States (1900–1940) *** Music history of the United States (1940s and 50s) *** Music history of the United States during the colonial era *** Music history of the United States in the 1960s *** Music history of the United States in the 1970s *** Music history of the United States in the 1980s *** Music history of the United States in the late 19th century *** Music history of the United States to the Civil War ** History of people in the United States *** African-American history *** History of Asian Americans **** Chinese American history **** Japanese American history **** Military history of Asian Americans *** Disability rights movement#In the USA, History of disability rights in the United States **** Timeline of disability rights in the United States *** History of Hispanic and Latino Americans **** History of Mexican Americans *** History of the Jews in the United States **** History of antisemitism in the United States **** History of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century *** History of LGBT people in the United States **** Bisexuality in the United States **** Gay men in American history **** History of lesbianism in the United States **** History of transgenderism in the United States **** History of violence against LGBT people in the United States *** History of Native Americans in the United States *** History of Philippine nurses in the United States *** History of the Poles in the United States *** History of women in the United States **** History of lesbianism in the United States **** Women's suffrage in the United States *** History of youth in the United States **** History of youth rights in the United States **** Timeline of young people's rights in the United States ** History of religion in the United States *** History of Christianity in the United States **** History of the Latter Day Saint movement **** History of Roman Catholicism in the United States ***** Catholic Church in the United States#History, History of the Catholic Church in the United States ****** 19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States ****** 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States **** History of Protestantism in the United States ***** History of the Episcopal Church (United States) ***** History of Methodism in the United States ** History of sports in the United States *** History of baseball in the United States *** History of basketball *** History of United States cricket *** History of American football *** History of golf in the United States *** History of ice hockey in the United States **** History of the National Hockey League on United States television **** History of women's ice hockey in the United States *** United States at the Olympics *** History of rugby union in the United States **** History of rugby union matches between Canada and United States **** History of rugby union matches between Ireland and United States *** History of soccer in the United States **** History of the United States men's national soccer team *** History of professional wrestling in the United States ** History of time in the United States ** History of food in the United States *** History of the hamburger in the United States ** Architecture of the United States *** History of fountains in the United States

Economic history of the United States

* Economic history of the United States ** History of banking in the United States *** History of central banking in the United States *** History of investment banking in the United States ** United States technological and industrial history, Industrial history of the United States *** History of agriculture in the United States **** History of commercial tobacco in the United States **** Early history of food regulation in the United States **** History of the lumber industry in the United States ***** History of the United States Forest Service ***** History of wildfire suppression in the United States *** History of energy in the United States **** History of coal mining in the United States **** History of the petroleum industry in the United States *** History of transport in the United States **** History of rail transport in the United States **** History of street lighting in the United States **** History of turnpikes and canals in the United States **** History of the trucking industry in the United States ** Labor history of the United States ** History of monetary policy in the United States ** History of the United States public debt *** History of United States debt ceiling ** History of United States–Middle East economic relations ** Numismatic history of the United States (currency) *** History of the United States dollar ** List of recessions in the United States, Recessions in the United States ** List of disasters in the United States by death toll *** List of natural disasters in the United States *** History of hotel fires in the United States

History of education in the United States

* History of education in the United States ** History of education in the United States: Bibliography ** History of Catholic education in the United States ** History of deaf education in the United States

Geographic history of the United States

* Demographic history of the United States * Timeline of the geologic history of the United States, Geologic history of the United States * Territorial evolution of the United States

History of health care in the United States

* History of medicine in the United States * History of health care reform in the United States

Historiography of the United States

* Historiography of the United States

Maritime history of the United States

* Maritime history of the United States (1776–1799) * Maritime history of the United States (1800–1899) * Maritime history of the United States (1900–1999) * Maritime history of the United States (2000–present)

Political history of the United States

* Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence * History of the United States Constitution * History of the United States Government ** List of Presidents of the United States, Presidents of the United States ***

: 1789–1797 ***

: 1797–1801 ***

: 1801–1809 ***

: 1809–1817 ***

: 1817–1825 ***

: 1825–1829 ***

: 1829–1837 ***

: 1837–1841 ***

: 1841 ***

: 1841–1845 ***

: 1845–1849 ***

: 1849–1850 ***

: 1850–1853 ***

: 1853–1857 ***

: 1857–1861 ***

: 1861–1865 ***

: 1865–1869 ***

: 1869–1877 *** Rutherford B. Hayes: 1877–1881 *** James A. Garfield: 1881 *** Chester A. Arthur: 1881–1885 *** Grover Cleveland: 1885–1889 *** Benjamin Harrison: 1889–1893 *** Grover Cleveland: 1893–1897 *** William McKinley: 1897–1901 *** Theodore Roosevelt: 1901–1909 *** William H. Taft: 1909–1913 *** Woodrow Wilson: 1913–1921 *** Warren Harding: 1921–1923 *** Calvin Coolidge: 1923–1929 *** Herbert Hoover: 1929–1933 *** Franklin D. Roosevelt: 1933–1945 *** Harry S. Truman: 1945–1953 *** Dwight D. Eisenhower: 1953–1961 *** John F. Kennedy: 1961–1963 *** Lyndon B. Johnson: 1963–1969 *** Richard M. Nixon: 1969–1974 *** Gerald Ford: 1974–1977 *** Jimmy Carter: 1977–1981 *** Ronald Reagan: 1981–1989 *** George H. W. Bush: 1989–1993 *** Bill Clinton: 1993–2001 *** George W. Bush: 2001–2009 *** Barack Obama: 2009–2017 *** Donald Trump: 2017–2021 *** Joe Biden: 2021–present ** History of the United States Congress *** History of the United States House of Representatives *** History of the United States Senate ** History of the Supreme Court of the United States ** History of the United States National Security Council ** Postage stamps and postal history of the United States *** History of United States postage rates ** History of the flags of the United States * History of U.S. foreign policy ** Timeline of United States diplomatic history, Diplomatic history of the United States *** History of United States diplomatic relations by country ** List of United States treaties, United States treaties * Labor history of the United States ** History of union busting in the United States ** History of cooperatives in the United States * History of law in the United States ** History of United States antitrust law ** History of bankruptcy law in the United States ** History of civil rights in the United States *** Civil rights movement (1896–1954) *** Civil rights movement *** Timeline of civil marriage in the United States ** History of United States drug prohibition *** Legal history of cannabis in the United States ** History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States ** Legal history of income tax in the United States ** History of labor law in the United States ** History of United States patent law ** History of United States prison systems * Military history of the United States ** List of United States military history events *** List of conflicts in the United States, Conflicts in the United States ***

** Military history of the United States during World War II ** History of the branches of the United States military *** History of the United States Air Force *** History of the United States Army **** History of the United States Army Special Forces *** History of the United States Coast Guard *** History of the United States Marine Corps *** History of the United States Navy **** History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (series) *** History of the United States Merchant Marine *** History of United States Navy ratings ** History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces ** History of the United States Military Academy ** History of military nutrition in the United States ** History of segregation in the United States Armed Forces * Nuclear history of the United States * History of United States political parties ** History of the United States Democratic Party ** History of the Green Party of the United States ** History of the Libertarian Party (United States) *** Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States) ** History of the United States Republican Party ** Electoral history of the Constitution Party (United States) * History of lobbying in the United States * Social class in American history * History of Social Security in the United States * History of the socialist movement in the United States * History of direct democracy in the United States

History of science in the United States

* History of paleontology in the United States

References

External links

{{Timeline of United States history United States history timelines, History outline History of the United States, *outline United States history-related lists, Outlines of countries, United States History History of the United States by topic

By period

Named eras and periods

Timelines and lists

15th century

= 1490s

16th century

= 1500s

= 1510s

= 1520s

= 1540s

= 1550s

= 1560s

= 1570s

= 1580s

= 1590s

17th century

= 1600s

= 1610s

= 1620s

= 1630s

= 1640s

= 1660s

= 1670s

= 1680s

= 1690s

18th century

= 1700s

= 1710s

= 1720s

= 1730s

= 1740s

= 1750s

= 1760s

= 1770s

= 1780s

= 1790s

19th century

= 1800s

= 1810s

= 1820s

= 1830s

= 1840s

= 1850s

= 1860s

= 1870s

= 1880s

= 1890s

20th century

= 1900s

= 1910s

= 1920s

= 1930s

= 1940s

= 1950s

= 1960s

= 1970s

= 1980s

= 1990s

21st century

= 2000s

= 2010s

= 2020s

By region

By subject

History books

Cultural history of the United States

Economic history of the United States

History of education in the United States

Geographic history of the United States

History of health care in the United States

Historiography of the United States

Maritime history of the United States

Political history of the United States

History of science in the United States

See also

References

Further reading

External links