Nichi-Ran jiten
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''Nichi-Ran jiten'' (in Kyūjitai: 日蘭辭典) is a JapaneseDutch dictionary compiled by Peter Adriaan van de Stadt and originally published by the Taiwanese branch of ''Nan'yō Kyōkai'' in 1934. It has about 33,800 entries. As of 2011, a second edition has not been published, but at least one facsimile edition was published in 1989 by the current ''Nan'yō Kyōkai'', now based in Tokyo.


History

While the ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' was published only in 1934, its compilation had already been finished in 1925. According to the preface, the compiler, Peter Adriaan van de Stadt, was approached in 1922 by the then Japanese consulate general Matsumoto in
Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
(of the then
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...
, today
Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
, Indonesia). Matsumoto had seen a Dutch-Japanese pocket dictionary by Van de Stadt (that had been published that same year) and asked Van de Stadt to compile a larger Japanese–Dutch dictionary. Van de Stadt agreed after some persuasion, and completed his work in 1925. However, when he offered the manuscript to the ''Nan'yō Kyōkai'' (the South Sea Association), they told him that the publication was too big a financial risk. Van de Stadt left the manuscript with ''Nan'yō Kyōkai''. Only through the involvement of other parties, it was published nine years later, in 1934. According to the book's colophon, the 1934 publication was by ''Nan'yō Kyōkai Taiwan shibu'' (in Kyūjitai: 南洋協會臺灣支部), the branch of Nan'yō Kyōkai in Taiwan (then part of the
Japanese Empire The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent forma ...
). Van de Stadt is acknowledged as the sole author. There never was a second edition. However, a facsimile edition was printed in 1989 by the current Nan'yō Kyōkai (in Shinjitai: 南洋協会) based in Tokyo.


Historical context

Despite almost uninterrupted relations between
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
and the Netherlands dating back to 1640 and earlier, the ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' has been the only ''Japanese''–Dutch Dictionary of at least medium size till 2006. On the other hand, efforts to compile a ''Dutch''–Japanese dictionary date back to the period of Rangaku (the Japanese effort to learn about Western sciences through the Dutch) and lead to two major publications in Japan. The dictionary ''Haruma Wage'' (波留麻和解) was published in 1796–1799. The publication commonly known as the ‘Nagasaki Haruma' (長崎ハルマ) was presented to the Shōgun in 1833 and published 1855–1858. Both publications were based on François Halma's ''Woordenboek der Nederduitsche en Fransche Taalen'' ictionary of the Dutch and French languages (1729). However, when Japan was opened to other countries from 1854 on (with the
Treaty of Peace and Amity The Convention of Kanagawa, also known as the Kanagawa Treaty (, ''Kanagawa Jōyaku'') or the Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (, ''Nichibei Washin Jōyaku''), was a treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa Shogunate on March ...
), Rangaku became obsolete, and the attention of Japanese scholars switched form Dutch to English. The next medium size Dutch–Japanese dictionary was published almost 150 years later in 1994, by the Japanese publisher Kodansha.The Kodansha dictionary (Van Sterkenburg ''et al.'', 1994) contains a short but interesting bilingual introduction concerning the background of the dictionary itself and its predecessors, by W. G. J Remmelink (''ibid.'': iii–x).


Features

The dictionary contains about 33,800 entries. The entries are alphabetical and spelled in a version of modified Hepburn. Van de Stadt deviated from current usage of modified Hepburn by not using the apostrophe to indicate the long ''n'' (ん) before a vowel. Sometimes he ignored the special case of ん, other times he used a hyphen (for example, he spelled ''kon'ya'' for 今夜 but ''kon-yaku'' for 婚約). The Latin spelling of the title word is followed by the Japanese spelling and equivalents or a definition in Dutch (both of course in prewar spelling). Example sentences follow directly the meaning for which they are relevant or are placed all at the end of the entry. Some examples show expressions in '' kanbun''. Below is a text impression of the entry for ''aida''. A photographic reproduction of a full page can be seen at the right.
aida (間) zn. (1) ruimte v.; tusschenruimte v.; afstand m. (2) verloop o. ¶ 間をあける ruimte openlaten. (3) vz. gedurende; vw. terwijl; onderwijl. ¶ 其間に intusschen. ¶ 間に立つ tusschenin staan. ¶ 七人の間に分ける tusschen (又は onder) zeven menschen verdeelen. ¶ の間は zoo lang als. ¶ 私が留守の間に gedurende mijn afwezigheid; terwijl ik uit was. ¶ 君と僕の間 tusschen ons beiden. ¶ 此間 kort geleden; onlangs. ¶ 御座候間 aangezien


Peter Adriaan van de Stadt

The compiler of the Japanese–Dutch dictionary ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' was Peter Adriaan van de Stadt ( Arnhem March 9, 1876 –
Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
March 20, 1940). Van de Stadt was trained to be a government official at the University of Leiden (opleiding tot ambtenaar Chinese zaken raining for civil servant Chinese affairs1892–1895). In 1895 he went to the
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...
. With the exception of 8 years in service of a private company and 3 years of additional study (1915–1918) Van de Stadt worked as a civil servant. From 1918 on he was adviser for Japanese affairs, in which capacity he read and translated Japanese. He retired in 1932 when his position was abolished as a result of measures of economy (C. J. van de Stadt, 1951:165-166). Van de Stadt was made officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1910. Later he received the
Order of the Rising Sun The is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese government, created on 10 April 1875 by decree of the Council of State. The badge features rays of sunlight ...
(1925) and the
Legion of Honor The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...
(1928) as well. Van de Stadt also compiled the Chinese dictionary ''Hakka woordenboek'', Batavia landsdrukkerij, The Hague, 1912 (''ibid.'').


Notes


External links


A searchable photographic version of ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' 日蘭辭典
*An indexed photographic version of the ''Edo Haruma'' (江戸ハルマ) Dutch–Japanese dictionary (1796–1799) is hosted by the library of the Waseda University
早稲田大学図書館所蔵 江戸ハルマ(蘭和辞書)全文画像


References

*Van de Stadt, P. A. (フアン.デ.スタット). (1934). 日蘭辭典 'Nichi-Ran jiten'' 臺北 aipei 南洋協會臺灣支部 an'yō Kyōkai Taiwan shibu *Van de Stadt, C. J. (eds.). (1951). ''Engel van de Stadt, 1746–1819. Zijn voor- en nageslacht'' ngel van de Stadt, 1746–1819. His ancestors and his descendants Den Haag
he Hague He or HE may refer to: Language * He (pronoun), an English pronoun * He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ * He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets * He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' in ...
*Van Sterkenburg, P. G. J. & W. J. Boot ''et al.'' (eds.). (1994). ''Kodansha's Nederlands-Japans Woordenboek''・講談社オランダ語辞典 'Kodansha Orandago jiten'' Kodansha・講談社: 東京 okyo 1994. {{Dictionaries of Japanese Japanese dictionaries Dutch dictionaries Translation dictionaries Dutch non-fiction literature