The National Social Democratic Front ( vi, Mặt trận Quốc gia Dân chủ Xã hội), later named the Social Democratic Alliance ( vi, Liên minh Dân chủ Xã hội), was a

South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...

ese political party which was effectively a federation of different groups, united by their

anti-communist Anti-communism is Political movement, political and Ideology, ideological opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in the Russian Empire, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, w ...

stance. Its chairman was

Lt. Gen. Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star rank, three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in ...

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (; 5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. He was a general in the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, Republic o ...

, leader of South Vietnam in 1965–1975.

History

Democratic Progressive Party

The party was founded as the Democratic Progressive Party ( vi, Đảng Dân-chủ Tiến-bộ) or symply Democratic Party ( vi, Đảng Dân-Chủ) by Nguyễn Văn Thiệu in 1967. It was not linked with its

North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...

namesake A namesake is a person, geographic location, or other entity bearing the name of another. History The word is first attested around 1635, and probably comes from the phrase "for one's name's sake", which originates in English Bible translations ...

, aligned with

Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...

and

Communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...

. The Democratic Party, expressing farmers, workers and small traders, participated to presidential election of 1967, supporting President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and his military rule. The party also adopted the flag of the

National Revolutionary Movement The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement ( es, Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario , MNR) is a Centre-right politics, centre-right Conservatism, conservative political party in Bolivia and was the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revo ...

and the Vanguard Youth, a youth organization that participated to

August Revolution The August Revolution ( vi, Cách-mạng tháng Tám), also known as the August General Uprising (), was a revolution launched by the Việt Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam) against the Empire of Vietnam and the Empire of Japan in ...

in 1945 against French colonial rule.

National Social Democratic Front

As the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

flared up, the Democratic Party tried to build a coalition with other anti-communist parties. In 1969, the Democrats finally dissolved themselves into a new subject, the National Social Democratic Front. The party became quickly a federation of several organizations and parties, such as: persecuted

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

who fled from North Vietnam; the Vietnam Republic Veterans Association, who sympathyzed with military rule; the Vietnamese

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...

, ideologically opposed to

communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...

like its Chinese

counterpart Counterpart or Counterparts may refer to: Entertainment and literature * "Counterparts" (short story), by James Joyce * Counterparts, former name for the Reel Pride LGBT film festival * ''Counterparts'' (film), a 2007 German drama * ''Counterp ...

; the Democratic Socialist Party, who rejected communists' atheism for

Buddhist socialism Buddhist socialism is a political ideology which advocates socialism based on the principles of Buddhism. Both Buddhism and socialism seek to provide an end to suffering by analyzing its conditions and removing its main causes through praxis. ...

; the

Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam The Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam (in vi, Đại Việt Quốc dân đảng), often known simply as or ĐVQDĐ, was a nationalist and anti-communist political party and militant organisation that was active in Vietnam in the 20th century. ...

(along with its militant's branch, the National Radical Movement), that desired to reunify Vietnam but not under communists; the Personalist Revolutionary Party, the heir of Can Lao Party and the Peasants' and Workers' Party, supporting rural interests and opposite to Viet Cong's guerrilla.

Social Democratic Alliance

The parties' federation was functional during Nguyễn Văn Thiệu's tenure as president and changed its name to Social Democratic Alliance in 1973. However, with the

Vietnamization Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a program to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same ti ...

policy adopted by U.S. President

Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...

, South Vietnam inexorably started its collapse. The

Paris Peace Accords The Paris Peace Accords, () officially titled the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet Nam (''Hiệp định về chấm dứt chiến tranh, lập lại hòa bình ở Việt Nam''), was a peace treaty signed on January 27, 1 ...

of 1973 was a turning point in the war, causing the end of American intervention in Vietnam. Despite the peace agreement between communist North Vietnam and

capitalist Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, priva ...

South Vietnam, in 1975 North Vietnam broke the peace and started the takeover of South Vietnam. Since the United States refused another intervention, South Vietnam collapsed after the

Fall of Saigon The Fall of Saigon, also known as the Liberation of Saigon by North Vietnamese or Liberation of the South by the Vietnamese government, and known as Black April by anti-communist overseas Vietnamese was the capture of Saigon, the capital of ...

, causing the reunification of

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

under communist rule.

Democratic Alliance for Vietnam

Many members of the Front and South Vietnamese government were executed by the new administration, but others fled from Vietnam. In 1981, many former members of the Front created the Democratic Alliance for Vietnam, a pluralist extra-parliamentary opposition group based in

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

who want restore freedom and democracy in Vietnam.

Prominent members

Nguyễn Văn Hiếu Major General Nguyễn Văn Hiếu (23 June 1929, Tientsin, China – 8 April 1975, Biên Hòa, Vietnam) was a general in the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). As a child he lived in Shanghai. He later emigrated with ...

* Nguyễn Văn Kiểu *

Trần Văn Hương Trần Văn Hương (陳文香, 1 December 1902 – 27 January 1982) was a South Vietnamese politician who was the penultimate president of South Vietnam for a week in April 1975 prior to its surrender to the communist forces of North Vietnam. ...

Dương Văn Minh Dương Văn Minh (; 16 February 19166 August 2001), popularly known as Big Minh, was a South Vietnamese politician and a senior general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and a politician during the presidency of Ngô Đình Diệm. ...

Vũ Văn Mẫu Vũ Văn Mẫu (25 July 1914 – 20 August 1998) was a South Vietnamese diplomat and politician, who was the last Prime Minister of South Vietnam, serving under President Dương Văn Minh's leadership. Early life and career Vũ Văn Mẫu was ...

Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Nguyễn Cao Kỳ (; 8 September 1930 – 23 July 2011) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who served as the chief of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force in the 1960s, before leading the nation as the prime minister of South V ...

Nguyễn Tôn Hoàn Dr. Nguyễn Tôn Hoàn (May 1917 – 19 September 2001) was Vietnamese Catholic politician, originally a physician, who led the Đại Việt Quốc Dân Đảng (Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam) from the 1940s to the 1960s. He was active i ...

Tôn Thất Đính Lieutenant General Tôn Thất Đính (, ; November 20, 1926 – November 21, 2013) was an officer who served in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). He is best known as one of the key figures in the November 1963 coup that led to the ...

Trần Thiện Khiêm General Trần Thiện Khiêm (; 15 December 1925 – 24 June 2021) was a South Vietnamese soldier and politician, who served as an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He was born in Saigon, Cochinchina, Frenc ...

* Hoàng Đức Nhã *

Trần Văn Lắm Trần Văn Lắm, also known as Charles Trần Văn Lắm (30 July 1913 – 6 February 2001), was a South Vietnamese diplomat and politician, who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Vietnam under Prime Minister Trần Th ...

* Nguyễn Ngọc Huy *

Bùi Diễm Bùi Diễm (1 October 1923 – 24 October 2021) was South Vietnam's ambassador to the United States under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. He played a key role in the last desperate attempt to secure US$722 million in military aid to defend Sou ...

Trương Đình Dzu Trương Đình Dzu (10 November 1917 – ) was a South Vietnamese lawyer and politician who unsuccessfully ran as a candidate for the presidency in the 1967 elections against Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and his running mate Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, who ...

Hồ Ngọc Nhuận Hồ is a Vietnamese word. It may refer to: *Hồ (surname), a Vietnamese surname *Hồ dynasty of Vietnam *Hồ, Bắc Ninh, a township and capital of Thuận Thành District {{disambiguation ...

Đỗ Mậu Major General Đỗ Mậu (1 January 1917 – 11 April 2002) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) best known for his roles as a recruiting strategist in both the 1963 coup that toppled President Ngô Đình Diệm and ...

Nguyễn Hữu Có Nguyễn Hữu Có ( ; 23 February 1925 – 3 July 2012) was a South Vietnamese soldier and politician who served in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. He was prominent in several coups and juntas ...

Nguyễn Văn Hảo Nguyễn () is the most common Vietnamese surname. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as Nguyen. Nguyên (元）is a different word and surname. By some estimates 39 percent of Vietnamese people bear this su ...

* Nguyễn Xuân Oánh *

Trần Văn Đỗ Trần Văn Đỗ (15 November 1903 - 20 December 1990) was a South Vietnamese intellectual and politician who served in both the governments of the State of Vietnam and South Vietnam as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister ...

Trần Văn Đôn Trần Văn Đôn (August 17, 1917 – 1997) was a general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and one of the principal figures in the 1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état which overthrew President Ngô Đình Diệm. Personal life Đôn w ...

Trần Văn Tuyên Trần Văn Tuyên (1 September 1913 – 28 October 1976) was a South Vietnamese lawyer and politician who served as a member of the lower house (House of Representatives) representing Saigon District 3 from 1971 until the collapse and surrende ...

* Trần Văn Chiêu *

Lê Minh Trí Le is a romanization of several rare East Asian surnames and a common Vietnamese surname. It is a fairly common surname in the United States, ranked 975th during the 1990 census and 368th during the 2000 census. In 2000, it was the eighth-most-co ...

* Trần Trung Dung * Vương Văn Bắc *

Phan Quang Đán Phan Quang Đán (6 November 1918 – 26 March 2004) was a Vietnamese political opposition figure who was one of only two non-government politicians who won a seat in the 1959 South Vietnamese election for the National Assembly. Subsequently, he ...

* Võ Long Triều * ..

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Notes and references

Notes

References

, United States, 2021 * David Chanoff and Doan Van Toai (1986) ''Vietnam: A Portrait of Its People at War'', I.B. Tauris Publishers * Sharon, Ariel and David Chanoff (1989) ''Warrior : the autobiography of Ariel Sharon''; New York : Simon and Schuster * Good, Kenneth and David Chanoff (1992) ''Into the heart : one man's pursuit of love and knowledge among the Yanomami'', Ulverscroft * Crowe, William J and David Chanoff (1993) ''The line of fire : from Washington to the Gulf, the politics and battles of the new military'', Simon & Schuster * Elders, M Joycelyn and David Chanoff (1996) ''Joycelyn Elders, M.D. : from sharecropper's daughter to surgeon general of the United States of America'', Morrow * White, Augustus A. and David Chanoff (2011) ''Seeing Patients: Unconscious Bias in Health Care'', Harvard University Press *Zadman, Felix and David Chanoff (1995) ''Never the last journey: a Fortune 500 founder's life story from Holocaust survivor to victor on Wall Street'', Shocken * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

External links

The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956
(archived fro
the original
on 2009-03-25)
The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967

HIẾN PHÁP VIỆT NAM CỘNG HOÀ 1967Ông Hoàng Đức Nhã : 45 năm nhìn lại biến cố 30/4
(

VOA Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is the state-owned news network and international radio broadcaster of the United States of America. It is the largest and oldest U.S.-funded international broadcaster. VOA produces digital, TV, and radio content ...

) *KIM NHUNG SHOW ,

SBTN Saigon Broadcasting Television Network, abbreviated SBTN, is a 24-hour Vietnamese language television channel targeted at Vietnamese audiences living outside of Vietnam. Its headquarters are in Garden Grove, California. The channel provides t ...

, Cựu Tổng trưởng Hoàng Đức Nh�
123Chương trình Lịch Sử VNCH qua phỏng vấn đặc biệt Cựu Tổng Trưởng Hoàng Đức NhãNguyên Tổng trưởng Hoàng Đức Nhã và các tổng trưởng VNCH viếng Việt Museum
{{Vietnamese political parties 1967 establishments in South Vietnam 1970s disestablishments in South Vietnam 1975 disestablishments in Vietnam Anti-communism in Vietnam Anti-communist parties Banned political parties in Vietnam Defunct political parties in Vietnam History of South Vietnam Nationalist parties in Vietnam Political parties disestablished in 1975 Political parties established in 1967 Political party alliances in Vietnam