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Đỗ Mậu
Major General Đỗ Mậu (1 January 1917 – 11 April 2002) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) best known for his roles as a recruiting strategist in both the 1963 coup that toppled President Ngô Đình Diệm and the 1964 coup led by General Nguyễn Khánh that deposed the junta of General Dương Văn Minh. He was born in Quảng Bình Province. Having abandoned the Communist-led Việt Minh resistance to join the Vietnamese National Army, the predecessor of the ARVN, Mau rose to be head of military security under Diệm. At that time a colonel with no troops to command, Mậu was nevertheless an important member of the conspiracy due to his liaisons with a wide number of officers, which allowed him to recruit widely for coup participants. He initially tried to organize a coup group himself with Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo, an undetected communist agent bent on maximising infighting, and disillusioned intelligence director Trần Kim Tuyến ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngô Đình Nhu
Ngô Đình Nhu (; 7 October 19102 November 1963; baptismal name Jacob) was a Vietnamese archivist and politician. He was the younger brother and chief political advisor of South Vietnam's first president, Ngô Đình Diệm. Although he held no formal executive position, he wielded immense unofficial power, exercising personal command of both the ARVN Special Forces (a paramilitary unit which served as the Ngô family's ''de facto'' private army) and the Cần Lao political apparatus (also known as the Personalist Labor Party) which served as the regime's ''de facto'' secret police. In his early age, Nhu was a quiet and bookish individual who showed little inclination towards the political path taken by his elder brothers. While training as an archivist in France, Nhu adopted the Roman Catholic ideology of personalism, although critics claimed that he misused that philosophy. Upon returning to Vietnam, he helped his brother in his quest for political power, and Nhu proved an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnamese National Army
The Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army ( vi, Quân đội Quốc gia Việt Nam, lit=Army of the State of Vietnam, french: Armée Nationale Vietnamienne, lit=Vietnamese National Army) was the State of Vietnam's military force created shortly after the Élysée Accords, where the State of Vietnam was recognized by France as an independent country ruled by Vietnamese Emperor Bảo Đại. It was commanded by Vietnamese people, Vietnamese Nguyễn Văn Hinh, General Hinh and was loyal to Bảo Đại. The VNA fought in joint operations with the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps (CEFEO) against the communist Việt Minh forces led by Ho Chi Minh. Different units within the VNA fought in a wide range of campaigns including the Battle of Nà Sản (1952), Operation Hautes Alpes (1953), Operation Atlas (1953) and the Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954). With the departure of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps from Indochina in 1956, the VNA was reorganized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dương Ngọc Lắm
Dương (楊) is a Vietnamese surname or given name. The name is transliterated as Yang in Mandarin Chinese and in Korean and Yeung in Cantonese. It is commonly anglicized as Duong. It is not to be confused with another Vietnamese surname '' Đường'' (唐 ), which is anglicized the same; some write Dzuong to distinguish the two. Notable people *Dương Đình Nghệ, administrator of Giao Chỉ in around 931 AD * Dương Vân Nga, only empress dowager of the Đinh dynasty and afterwards empress of Lê Đại Hành, the first emperor of the Early Lê dynasty *Dương Tam Kha, King of Vietnam during the short time from 944 to 950 in the Ngô Dynasty *Dương Nhật Lễ, emperor of Đại Việt from 1369 to 1370 *Dương Văn An, minister in the cabinet of Mạc dynasty * Dương Hiếu Nghĩa, ARVN officer *Dương Hồng Sơn, footballer * Dương Quỳnh Hoa, member of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War and a member of its provisional gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnamese Airborne Division
, image = Vietnamese Airborne Division 's Insignia.svg , image_size = 160px , caption = Vietnamese Airborne Division insignia , dates = 1 January 1948 – 30 April 1975 , country = , allegiance = , command_structure = , branch = , type = Airborne forces , specialization = , size = 13,000 in 1967 , garrison = Tan Son Nhut, near Saigon , ceremonial_chief = , nickname = ''Bawouans'' (in French) ''Nhảy Dù'' (in Vietnamese) Thiên thần mũ đỏ (Red Hat Angels) , motto = Thiên Thần Sát Cộng ''The Communists-Killing Angels'' , colors = , march = , mascot = , commander1 = , commander1_label = , commander2 = , commander2_label = , commander3 = , commander3_label = , commander4 = , commander4_label = , notable_commanders = Đỗ Cao Trí Nguyễn Văn VỹCao Văn ViênNguyễn KhánhDư Quốc Đống Nguyễn Chánh ThiNguyễn Khoa Nam Đoàn Văn Quảng Lê Quang Lưỡng , battles = First Indochina War Vietnam War Cambod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cần Lao Party
The Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party ( vi, Cần lao Nhân vị Cách Mạng Ðảng / Đảng Cần lao Nhân vị), often simply called the Cần Lao Party, was a Vietnamese political party, formed in the early 1950s by the President of South Vietnam Ngô Đình Diệm and his brother and adviser Ngô Đình Nhu. Based on mass-organizations and secret networks as effective instruments, the party played a considerable role in creating a political groundwork for Diệm's power and helped him to control all political activities in South Vietnam. The doctrine of the party was ostensibly based on Ngô Đình Nhu's Person Dignity Theory (Vietnamese: ''Thuyết Nhân Vị'') and Emmanuel Mounier's Personalism. Formation According to Ngo Dinh Nhu, the party was the "fusion" of the groups which were founded by him in the early 1950s. In Northern Vietnam, he collaborated with Trần Trung Dung, a Catholic activist who then became South Vietnam's deputy minister of defense. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Đại Việt Quốc Dân Đảng
The Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam (in vi, Đại Việt Quốc dân đảng), often known simply as or ĐVQDĐ, was a nationalist and anti-communist political party and militant organisation that was active in Vietnam in the 20th century. The party operated rather secretively and had ties with Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. The party continues to be active outside of Vietnam, with the goal of a multi-party democratic government for the country. __TOC__ History The party was founded by Trương Tử Anh, known as "Anh Cả Phương" ("Eldest Brother Phương") in 1939. Among the original members were several prominent figures in Vietnam's politics, such as Dr. Phan Huy Quát and Dr. Nguyễn Tôn Hoàn. During the era of French colonialism, the Đại Việt engaged in military attacks in an effort to gain independence. Some Đại Việt members were trained in Chinese military academies in Yunnan run by the Kuomintang, before the Chinese Communist Revolution. The party was pro-J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
The Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (; chữ Hán: ; ), abbreviated VNQDĐ or Việt Quốc, was a nationalist and democratic socialist political party that sought independence from French colonial rule in Vietnam during the early 20th century. Its origins lie in a group of young Hanoi-based intellectuals who began publishing revolutionary material in the mid-1920s. In 1927, after the publishing house failed because of French harassment and censorship, the VNQDĐ was formed under the leadership of Nguyễn Thái Học. Modelling itself on the Kuomintang of Nationalist China (the same three characters in chữ Hán: ) the VNQDĐ gained a following among northerners, particularly teachers and intellectuals. The party, which was less successful among peasants and industrial workers, was organised in small clandestine cells. From 1928, the VNQDĐ attracted attention through its assassinations of French officials and Vietnamese collaborators. A turning point came in February 1929 w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strategic Hamlet Program
The Strategic Hamlet Program (SHP; vi, Ấp Chiến lược, link=no ) was a plan by the government of South Vietnam in conjunction with the US government and ARPA during the Vietnam War to combat the communist insurgency by pacifying the countryside and reducing the influence of the communists among the rural population.Tucker, Spencer, ''The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History'', ABC-CLIO, 2011, p. 1070. In 1962, the government of South Vietnam, with advice and financing from the United States, began the implementation of the Strategic Hamlet Program. The strategy was to isolate the rural population from contact with and influence by the National Liberation Front (NLF), more commonly known as the Viet Cong. The Strategic Hamlet Program, along with its predecessor, the Rural Community Development Program, played an important role in shaping of events in South Vietnam during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Both of these programs attempted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellen Hammer
Ellen Joy Hammer (September 17, 1921 – January 28, 2001) was an American historian who specialized in 20th-century Vietnamese history. Biography Born in New York City, the daughter of David and Rea (Welt) Hammer, she received a bachelor's degree from Barnard College in 1941 and worked for a few years on the research staff of the Council on Foreign Relations in Manhattan. She earned a doctorate in public law and government from Columbia University, where she specialized in international relations. She became known in the early 1950s for her work on colonial rule in French Indochina. She was regarded as one of the first Americans to become scholars of Vietnamese history, often traveling to the Asian country for extended periods. Her first book, ''The Struggle for Indochina'', published in 1954, was regarded as a pioneering text for that period of history. Douglas Pike, a historian and director of research at the Vietnam Center at Texas Tech University, said that as a scholar Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist Crisis
The Buddhist crisis ( vi, Biến cố Phật giáo) was a period of political and religious tension in South Vietnam between May and November 1963, characterized by a series of repressive acts by the South Vietnamese government and a campaign of civil resistance, led mainly by Buddhist monks. The crisis was precipitated by the shootings of nine unarmed civilians on May 8 in the central city of Huế who were protesting a ban of the Buddhist flag. The crisis ended with a coup in November 1963 by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), and the arrest and assassination of President Ngô Đình Diệm on November 2, 1963. Background In South Vietnam, a country where the Buddhist majority was estimated to comprise between 70 and 90 percent of the population in 1963, President Ngô Đình Diệm's pro-Catholic policies antagonized many Buddhists. A member of the Catholic minority, Diệm headed a government biased towards Catholics in public service and military promotions, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrest And Assassination Of Ngô Đình Diệm
On 1 November 1963, Ngô Đình Diệm, the president of South Vietnam, was arrested and assassinated in a successful coup d'état led by General Dương Văn Minh. The coup was the culmination of nine years of autocratic and nepotistic family rule in the country. Discontent with the Diệm regime had been simmering below the surface and exploded with mass Buddhist protests against longstanding religious discrimination after the government shooting of protesters who defied a ban on the flying of the Buddhist flag. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) had launched a bloody overnight siege on Gia Long Palace in Saigon. When rebel forces entered the palace, Diệm and his adviser and younger brother Ngô Đình Nhu were not present, having escaped to a loyalist shelter in Cholon. The brothers had kept in communication with the rebels through a direct link from the shelter to the palace, and misled them into believing that they were still in the palace. The Ngô brothers so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1955 State Of Vietnam Referendum
The 1955 State of Vietnam referendum determined the future form of government of the State of Vietnam, the nation that was to become the Republic of Vietnam (widely known as South Vietnam). It was contested by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, who proposed a republic, and former emperor Bảo Đại, who had abdicated in 1945 and at the time of the referendum held the title of head of state. Although published counts showed Diệm winning the election with 98.9% of the vote, the referendum was widely marred by electoral fraud. In the capital, Saigon, Diệm was credited with more than 600,000 votes, although only 450,000 people were on the electoral roll,Tucker, p.366. while Diệm was also credited with receiving over 90% of registered voters in rural regions where opposition groups had prevented voting. The referendum was the last phase in the power struggle between Bảo Đại and his prime minister. Bảo Đại disliked Diệm and had frequently attempted to unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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